{"title":"Plant-based diet mitigated the risk of chronic kidney disease in overweight individuals.","authors":"Yi-Chou Hou, Kuo-Hsien Tseng, I-Shiang Tzeng, Wen-Hsin Tsai, Hao-Wen Liu, Jia-Sin Liu, Kuan-Cheng Kuo, Yen-Chun Lai, Kuo-Cheng Lu, I-Hsin Lin, Ko-Lin Kuo","doi":"10.1159/000545953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000545953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives Being overweight, with a body mass index >25, is associated with multiple comorbidities, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). A plant-based diet, such as a vegetarian or lacto-ovo vegetarian diet, serves as a preventive strategy for CKD in patients. We hypothesized that vegetarian diet lowers the occurrence of CKD in overweight subjects. Methods The retrospective study was performed in Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital by self-paid health-exam. Age younger than 40 years old and the subjects without sufficient biochemical or hematologic results were excluded. The incidence of CKD was evaluated according to the self-reported eating habits (vegetarians, lacto-ovo vegetarians, or omnivores), overweight(with a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 or higher abdominal circumference (>90 cm in male or >80 cm in female )) or not, or other biochemical or hematologic parameters. The interaction between different factors for the development of CKD were analyzed by Structural equation modeling. Results Among these 6,567 subjects, the subjects with lacto-ovo vegetarians had lower incidence of CKD than dietary habits as vegans and omnivores. The incidence of overweight was the highest in omnivore group. The lacto-ovo vegetarian group lower the risk of CKD occurrence than the omnivore group. After adjusting for age and sex in SEM model, the lacto-ovo diet lowered the risk for CKD from being with a high BMI or a higher triglyceride(TG)/high-density lipoprotein(HDL) ratio. Conclusion We concluded that lacto-ovo vegetarian dietary habits are associated with a lower occurrence of CKD in obese patients. The mitigating effect of the lacto-ovo vegetarian diet was due to the hazard of a higher BMI and TG/HDL ratio.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143975157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nutrition for Preconception Health and Fertility.","authors":"Linden Stocker, Alexandra Kermack, Keith Godfrey","doi":"10.1159/000543616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000543616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The importance of preconception care is now widely recognised. Optimisation of the lifestyle, nutrition, and the health of a couple not only affects the chances of conception and a successful pregnancy but also the health of the resulting offspring. Currently, limited data reinforce the importance of further research examining the role of individual nutrients. The complex interactions that these nutrients have with each other and the resultant effect on fertility should also be a focus for future investigation. Modifiable risk factors such as alcohol, caffeine, and body mass index should be optimised prior to attempting to conceive. New research is examining the role of personalised preconception advice.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This review examines the roles of macronutrients, micronutrients, and lifestyle in fertility and reproductive health. Raising awareness of the importance of the effect of preconception nutrition and lifestyle on hormone balance, gamete development, implantation, and pregnancy should be paramount. This applies to all healthcare professionals who come into contact with people of child-bearing age, as well as the general public.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144062059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microbiome Maturation Trajectory and Key Milestones in Early Life.","authors":"Marie-Claire Arrieta","doi":"10.1159/000543754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000543754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The development of the gut microbiome during early life plays a critical role in shaping long-term health. The first 1,000 days represent a crucial period in which the microbiome is particularly malleable, influenced by various factors such as birth mode, diet, antibiotic exposure, and environmental interactions.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This review outlines the key stages of microbiome maturation, beginning with initial colonization at birth and progressing through the diversification and stabilization phases during the first 5 years of life. Factors like breastfeeding, the introduction of solid foods, and early-life antibiotic have a critical impact on microbial diversity and immune system development. Disruptions to the microbiome during this critical window, particularly through antibiotic use, are associated with an increased risk of immune, metabolic, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Recent research emphasizes the need for a better understanding of these early-life trajectories to inform interventions that promote a healthy microbiome.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preface.","authors":"Flavia Indrio, Hania Szajewska","doi":"10.1159/000540495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000540495","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Calcium and Iron Nutrition through the Reproductive Life Course.","authors":"Kate A Ward, Ann Prentice","doi":"10.1159/000543618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000543618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Two essential micronutrients over the life course are calcium and iron, and both are especially important during the reproductive cycle. The role of calcium in maternal and offspring bone health and in the prevention of pre-eclampsia in pregnancy are well described, although results from randomised controlled trials for both outcomes vary. Iron is essential for synthesis of red blood cells, being a core component of haemoglobin, which carries oxygen around the body, and hence is key in the prevention of anaemia and sequelae.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This article reviews the evidence across the reproductive life course for dietary calcium and iron intakes and health outcomes. For calcium, focusing on bone health and prevention of pre-eclampsia, for iron considering its crucial role in foetal and neonatal development and how requirements may be impacted through inflammation and infection, particularly in environments where iron availability may be low.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143960634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Maternal Nutrition and the Lifelong Health of Their Offspring.","authors":"Andrew Prentice","doi":"10.1159/000542383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000542383","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pegah Hadi Sichani, Donya Poursalehi, Saeideh Mirzaei, Ali Asadi, Masoumeh Akhlaghi, Parvane Saneei
{"title":"Dietary Intake of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Relation to Metabolic Health Status in Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity.","authors":"Pegah Hadi Sichani, Donya Poursalehi, Saeideh Mirzaei, Ali Asadi, Masoumeh Akhlaghi, Parvane Saneei","doi":"10.1159/000544937","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The link between dietary branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) intake and metabolic health, particularly in adolescents, is not well established. In this investigation, the metabolic health of adolescents with overweight and obesity in Iran was studied in relation to their intake of dietary BCAAs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 203 adolescents from the general population who were either overweight or obesity. The consumption of BCAAs and other nutrients was calculated using a valid food frequency questionnaire. Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements were taken. Serum insulin, glucose, and lipid profile were determined from blood samples taken while the subjects were fasting. Subjects were categorized considering having metabolically healthy overweight/obesity and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUO) using two distinct approaches (International Diabetes Federation [IDF] criteria and IDF/Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance [HOMA-IR] criteria).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Considering IDF criteria, increased consumption of dietary BCAAs was associated with significantly decreased odds of MUO (OR = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.18-0.77) in crude model; but in the fully adjusted model, the association became insignificant (OR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.22-1.09). Based on IDF/HOMA-IR criteria, this association was completely significant in crude model (OR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.15-0.69) and slightly significant in fully adjusted model (OR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.18-1.00). Participants with overweight, as opposed to obesity, had considerably lower odds of MUO. Valine, one of the BCAAs, was negatively linked with odds of MUO in maximally adjusted model (OR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.20-0.96).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among BCAAs, increased consumption of valine via food could reduce the odds of MUO in Iranian adolescents with overweight/obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dalma Béres, Regina Felső, Róbert Herczeg, Attila Gyenesei, Szilvia Bokor, Dénes Molnár
{"title":"C-Reactive Protein and Metabolic Syndrome in Obese and Normal Weight Hungarian Children.","authors":"Dalma Béres, Regina Felső, Róbert Herczeg, Attila Gyenesei, Szilvia Bokor, Dénes Molnár","doi":"10.1159/000545201","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>It is well known that obese children frequently have high C-reactive protein (CRP) values. There are controversies about the association of the CRP and components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of this study was to determine among children and adolescents the link between the most routinely used inflammation marker, CRP, and components of the MetS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study recruited 506 obese/overweight and 249 normal weight participants (ages 4-18 years) with complete fasting laboratory and anthropometric data. Statistical analyses, including multinomial logistic regression, were conducted in R, with significance set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children were divided into three groups according to CRP concentration (low <1 mg/L, medium: 1-3 mg/L, high >3 mg/L). The children were also classified whether they had MetS (n = 249) or were free of MetS (n = 421). We found highly significant difference between CRP groups in the occurrence of the MetS components (p < 0.001), hypertension (p < 0.001), hypertriglyceridemia (p < 0.001), and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (p = 0.001), waist circumference (p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) z-score (p < 0.001), fasting plasma glucose (p < 0.001), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (p < 0.001), respectively. However, when BMI z-score was included in the model this relationship disappeared, suggesting that BMI has a more significant effect on the MetS components than CRP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results demonstrate that BMI z-score is the main determinant of the MetS and its components. However, CRP remains an important factor to be checked in overweight and obese children.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prehabilitation: Do We Need Metabolic Flexibility?","authors":"Nicholas Tetlow, John Whittle","doi":"10.1159/000545266","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolic flexibility, the capacity to switch between energy sources in response to changing physiological demands, emerges as a critical determinant of perioperative resilience. In the context of surgery, where metabolic demands are high and energy homeostasis is disrupted, patients with metabolic inflexibility may experience worse outcomes due to impaired immune responses and heightened insulin resistance, resulting in prolonged recovery times.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This article explores the implications of metabolic flexibility in the perioperative period and examines the potential for prehabilitation strategies, such as targeted exercise and nutritional interventions, to improve patient readiness for surgery. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is discussed as a valuable assessment tool for metabolic flexibility, capable of providing insights into a patient's fuel adaptability and overall metabolic health preoperatively. Evidence suggests that targeted exercise and nutritional strategies can enhance mitochondrial function, improve nutrient-sensing pathways, and increase substrate oxidation, which may reduce perioperative complications and support immune resilience.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Future research should prioritise refining methods to identify metabolically inflexible patients and tailoring prehabilitation interventions to optimise metabolic flexibility. Enhancing perioperative metabolic readiness is important for populations vulnerable to metabolic dysfunction, such as those with obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Aligning metabolic optimisation with surgical recovery demands may help establish new standards in perioperative care and improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}