Archaeometry最新文献

{"title":"Highland and foothill pottery production technologies: A perspective from the third millennium BCE from Southwest Anatolia (Türkiye)","authors":"Gonca Dardeniz","doi":"10.1111/arcm.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article presents the results of a fabric study spanning a period of the first half of the third millennium BCE (ca. 3000–2400/2300 BCE) pottery from the highland and foothill areas of the Antalya region of southwest Anatolia, a region that has not been extensively investigated from a complementary analytic perspective. A total of 49 ceramic sherds from two archaeological sites were examined using thin-section petrography, X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence to determine their material characteristics. This research utilizes chemical and mineralogical data to investigate different phases of the Early Bronze Age across various landscapes within the same region, aiming to trace raw material selection and characterize pottery production technologies. Hacımusalar Höyük, representing the intermontane highland landscape, shows a selection of tempering primarily based on local geology. Bademağacı Höyük, typifying the foothill settings, also relies on local clay while displaying a broader range of inclusions and tempers. Neither site displayed a significant correlation between ceramic types and temper selections, preparation techniques and surface treatments. Despite the complex geology of the research area, natural inclusions are prevalent throughout the assemblage. These findings indicate that the inhabitants employed adaptive ceramic production strategies by targeting similar geological zones and utilizing comparable technologies, influenced by local environmental conditions and functional demands.</p>","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"68 S1","pages":"S64-S83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148096717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eye makeup in Northwestern Iran at the time of the Assyrian Empire: a new kohl recipe based on manganese and graphite from Kani Koter (Iron Age III)","authors":"Silvia Amicone,&nbsp;Baptiste Solard,&nbsp;Shelir Amelirad,&nbsp;Eghbal Azizi,&nbsp;Lara Maritan,&nbsp;Maxime Rageot,&nbsp;Christoph Berthold,&nbsp;Karen Radner","doi":"10.1111/arcm.13097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.13097","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Kohl was ubiquitous in ancient Egypt and the Middle East, and routinely included among the toiletries deposited in burials. For Egypt, kohl recipes are increasingly well-studied and known to use a range of inorganic and organic ingredients. Although these are often lead-based, manganese- and silicon-rich compounds are also attested. For the Middle East, our still limited knowledge is now augmented by analysis of a new kohl sample from a burial in the Iron Age cemetery of Kani Koter in Northwestern Iran. Our integrated multidisciplinary approach shows that the black colouration was most likely obtained by mixing manganese oxides with natural graphite.</p>","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"68 S1","pages":"S7-S21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/arcm.13097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148099662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archaeometric Characterization of Submerged Sasanian Stucco From Ghaleh Guri, Western Iran","authors":"Atefeh Shekofteh,&nbsp;Ata Hasanpour,&nbsp;Morteza Habibzadeh","doi":"10.1111/arcm.70029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.70029","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Ghaleh Guri archaeological site, a late Sasanian site with a building complex dated to 591–628 <span>ce</span>, lies along an ancient road linking the western Zagros to Mesopotamia. Its architectural remains, adorned with stucco, faced annual river floods yet remained stable for centuries. This study examines the stucco decorations and plaster to identify features that contribute to their stability. Samples underwent ICP-OES, XRD, and SEM–EDS analyses, revealing that prolonged moist conditions over a millennium resulted in a dense microstructure of coarse gypsum networks, creating a stable structure. The findings highlight the crystal changes of the gypsum over a millennium and its remarkable strength before ultimately being submerged.</p>","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"68 S1","pages":"S84-S93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/arcm.70029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148087134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sourcing carnelian beads from the ancient Mesopotamian site of Kish, Iraq, 2450–2200 BCE: Stylistic, technological and geochemical approaches","authors":"J. Mark Kenoyer,&nbsp;Randall W. Law,&nbsp;Laure Dussubieux","doi":"10.1111/arcm.13098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.13098","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Trade between Mesopotamia and the Indus Civilization is studied through the analysis of Early Dynastic III Period (2600–2350 BCE) carnelian beads from the site of Kish, Iraq. Morphological and technological features of the beads are compared with beads from the Indus region. The chemical composition of the carnelian is assessed using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and compared with an extensive database of potential geological sources. These studies indicate that while all the Kish beads were fashioned from carnelian of Indian origin, some were made in the Indus region, while others were likely made in Mesopotamia by Indus-trained craftspeople.</p>","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"68 S1","pages":"S22-S37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/arcm.13098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148071811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chasing Urartu Alloying Practices: Evaluating Handheld XRF Instruments and Surface Effects for Identifying Zinc-Bearing Copper-Based Alloys","authors":"Ümit Güder,&nbsp;Rafet Çavuşoğlu,&nbsp;Abdulkadir Özdemir,&nbsp;Tolga Özak","doi":"10.1111/arcm.70132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.70132","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Urartian metalwork is well known for its technological sophistication; however, the classification of copper-based alloys within this corpus, particularly the distinction between standard tin bronzes and zinc-bearing alloys, remains poorly constrained. The identification of such alloys is further complicated by the fundamental limitations of noninvasive analytical techniques. This study systematically evaluates the reliability of handheld x-ray fluorescence (hhXRF) for characterizing Urartian alloys, addressing the diagnostic challenges posed by surface corrosion and instrumental variability. A multi-analytical approach was applied to two distinct belt fragments recovered from the Çavuştepe Necropolis, identifying one as a standard tin bronze and the other as a ternary (Zn-containing bronze) alloy, to compare surface hhXRF readings against SEM-EDS and metallographic reference data. The investigation was conducted in two phases. First, instrumental reliability was assessed by cross-validating three hhXRF devices against a Certified Reference Material (CRM), establishing an optimized 90-s dual-beam protocol to minimize quantification errors for zinc and tin. Second, the artifacts were subjected to progressive surface cleaning to quantify the masking effects of corrosion. The results demonstrate that surface hhXRF data are strongly affected by corrosion-induced tin enrichment and decuprification, rendering uncleaned and partially cleaned surfaces unreliable for alloy classification. Silicon-rich burial contamination correlates directly with analytical instability, whereas zinc-bearing bronzes exhibit comparatively stable surface signatures. Whereas Zn concentrations remain sensitive to surface stratigraphy, hhXRF provides a qualitatively reliable indicator for the presence of zinc and yields quantitatively accurate results for major alloying elements when supported by appropriate cleaning, extended acquisition times, and repeated measurements. By correlating surface data with depth profiling, this research proposes a diagnostic approach for distinguishing zinc-bearing bronzes from standard bronzes and serves as a preliminary case study for a wider investigation of alloying practices in Urartian metallurgy.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"68 S1","pages":"S116-S130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148062918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of arsenical bronze using speiss on the Elephantine Island (Aswan, Egypt) during the Middle Kingdom (Middle Bronze Age) (c.2000–1650 BCE)","authors":"Jiří Kmošek,&nbsp;Martin Odler","doi":"10.1111/arcm.70008","DOIUrl":"10.1111/arcm.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents the first direct evidence of the slags produced during the cementation alloying process of Cu with speiss inside ceramic crucibles, thus representing Cu alloying with As in Middle Kingdom Egypt. The settlement deposits from the Middle Bronze Age were excavated on Elephantine Island, within modern Aswan. The intentional production of arsenical bronze at the site is supported by the identification of a speiss fragment from the remains of House 175, dated to advanced Dynasty 12 (19th century BCE). These materials, discussed in detail, were analysed on Elephantine Island and in Cairo using pXRF, optical microscopy and SEM-EDX.</p>","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"68 S1","pages":"S38-S63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/arcm.70008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147890634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gypsum Alabaster Beads From the Stone-Working Workshop of Konar Sandal: A Multi-Analytical Characterization Study and Absolute Dating","authors":"Alireza Koochakzaei,&nbsp;Nasir Eskandari","doi":"10.1111/arcm.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Archeological investigations at Konar Sandal (Jiroft Plain, southeastern Iran) have established this Bronze Age site as an advanced urban center. The discovery of intricately carved chlorite vessels from looted necropolises in the Halil Rud Valley indicates specialized workshop activities, while analysis of excavated beads with disputed composition (identified as calcite) remains critical for understanding the craft production systems of this early urban settlement. To achieve this, a multi-analytical approach was employed, incorporating micro-Raman spectroscopy, micro-XRF, FTIR, and XRD for structural analysis. The results revealed that the beads were crafted from gypsum alabaster, effectively ruling out the hypothesis of calcite as a raw material. Carbon-14 dating of the archeological context associated with these beads indicates they date to the end of the first half to the middle of the third millennium <span>BCE</span>. Future studies aimed at determining the origin of these beads are warranted.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"68 S1","pages":"S94-S102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148078152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"68 S2","pages":"S5-S8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148062944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"68 S1","pages":"S5-S6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148103318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"68 S1","pages":"S116-S130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148103319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}