Philip S Ringrose, Anne-Kari Furre, Stuart M V Gilfillan, Samuel Krevor, Martin Landrø, Rory Leslie, Tip Meckel, Bamshad Nazarian, Adeel Zahid
{"title":"Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Saline Aquifers: Physicochemical Processes, Key Constraints, and Scale-Up Potential.","authors":"Philip S Ringrose, Anne-Kari Furre, Stuart M V Gilfillan, Samuel Krevor, Martin Landrø, Rory Leslie, Tip Meckel, Bamshad Nazarian, Adeel Zahid","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-093020-091447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-093020-091447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>CO<sub>2</sub> storage in saline aquifers offers a realistic means of achieving globally significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions at the scale of billions of tonnes per year. We review insights into the processes involved using well-documented industrial-scale projects, supported by a range of laboratory analyses, field studies, and flow simulations. The main topics we address are (<i>a</i>) the significant physicochemical processes, (<i>b</i>) the factors limiting CO<sub>2</sub> storage capacity, and (<i>c</i>) the requirements for global scale-up.Although CO<sub>2</sub> capture and storage (CCS) technology can be considered mature and proven, it requires significant and rapid scale-up to meet the objectives of the Paris Climate Agreement. The projected growth in the number of CO<sub>2</sub> injection wells required is significantly lower than the historic petroleum industry drill rates, indicating that decarbonization via CCS is a highly credible and affordable ambition for modern human society. Several technology developments are needed to reduce deployment costs and to stimulate widespread adoption of this technology, and these should focus on demonstration of long-term retention and safety of CO<sub>2</sub> storage and development of smart ways of handling injection wells and pressure, cost-effective monitoring solutions, and deployment of CCS hubs with associated infrastructure.</p>","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":" ","pages":"471-494"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38893888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Liquid-Liquid Chromatography: Current Design Approaches and Future Pathways.","authors":"Raena Morley, Mirjana Minceva","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101420-033548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101420-033548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since its first appearance in the 1960s, solid support-free liquid-liquid chromatography has played an ever-growing role in the field of natural products research. The use of the two phases of a liquid biphasic system, the mobile and stationary phases, renders the technique highly versatile and adaptable to a wide spectrum of target molecules, from hydrophobic to highly polar small molecules to proteins. Generally considered a niche technique used only for small-scale preparative separations, liquid-liquid chromatography currently lags far behind conventional liquid-solid chromatography and liquid-liquid extraction in process modeling and industrial acceptance. This review aims to expose a broader audience to this high-potential separation technique by presenting the wide variety of available operating modes and solvent systems as well as structured, model-based design approaches. Topics currently offering opportunities for further investigation are also addressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":" ","pages":"495-518"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25584878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characterization of Nanoporous Materials.","authors":"M Thommes, C Schlumberger","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061720-081242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061720-081242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Detailed analysis of textural properties, e.g., pore size and connectivity, of nanoporous materials is essential to identify correlations of these properties with the performance of gas storage, separation, and catalysis processes. The advances in developing nanoporous materials with uniform, tailor-made pore structures, including the introduction of hierarchical pore systems, offer huge potential for these applications. Within this context, major progress has been made in understanding the adsorption and phase behavior of confined fluids and consequently in physisorption characterization. This enables reliable pore size, volume, and network connectivity analysis using advanced, high-resolution experimental protocols coupled with advanced methods based on statistical mechanics, such as methods based on density functional theory and molecular simulation. If macro-pores are present, a combination of adsorption and mercury porosimetry can be useful. Hence, some important recent advances in understanding the mercury intrusion/extrusion mechanism are discussed. Additionally, some promising complementary techniques for characterization of porous materials immersed in a liquid phase are introduced.</p>","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":" ","pages":"137-162"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25520082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Souvik Ghosal, Javon E Walker, Christopher A Alabi
{"title":"Predictive Platforms of Bond Cleavage and Drug Release Kinetics for Macromolecule-Drug Conjugates.","authors":"Souvik Ghosal, Javon E Walker, Christopher A Alabi","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-091720-030636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-091720-030636","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Macromolecule-drug conjugates (MDCs) occupy a critical niche in modern pharmaceuticals that deals with the assembly and combination of a macromolecular carrier, a drug cargo, and a linker toward the creation of effective therapeutics. Macromolecular carriers such as synthetic biocompatible polymers and proteins are often exploited for their inherent ability to improve drug circulation, prevent off-target drug cytotoxicity, and widen the therapeutic index of drugs. One of the most significant challenges in MDC design involves tuning their drug release kinetics to achieve high spatiotemporal precision. This level of control requires a thorough qualitative and quantitative understanding of the bond cleavage event. In this review, we highlight specific research findings that emphasize the importance of establishing a precise structure-function relationship for MDCs that can be used to predict their bond cleavage and drug release kinetic parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":" ","pages":"241-261"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25487121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent Developments in Solvent-Based Fluid Separations.","authors":"Boelo Schuur, Thomas Brouwer, Lisette M J Sprakel","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-102620-015346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-102620-015346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The most important developments in solvent-based fluid separations, separations involving at least one fluid phase, are reviewed. After a brief introduction and discussion on general solvent trends observed in all fields of application, several specific fields are discussed. Important solvent trends include replacement of traditional molecular solvents by ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents and, more recently, increasing discussion around bio-based solvents in some application fields. Furthermore, stimuli-responsive systems are discussed; the most significant developments in this field are seen for CO<sub>2</sub>-switchable and redox-responsive solvents. Discussed fields of application include hydrocarbons separations, carbon capture, biorefineries, and metals separations. For all but the hydrocarbons separations, newly reported electrochemically mediated separations seem to offer exciting new windows of opportunities.</p>","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":" ","pages":"573-591"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25587875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Schlüter, Sonja Herres-Pawlis, Ulrich Nieken, Ute Tuttlies, Dieter Bothe
{"title":"Small-Scale Phenomena in Reactive Bubbly Flows: Experiments, Numerical Modeling, and Applications.","authors":"Michael Schlüter, Sonja Herres-Pawlis, Ulrich Nieken, Ute Tuttlies, Dieter Bothe","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092220-100517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092220-100517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Improving the yield and selectivity of chemical reactions is one of the challenging tasks in paving the way for a more sustainable and climate-friendly economy. For the industrially highly relevant gas-liquid reactions, this can be achieved by tailoring the timescales of mixing to the requirements of the reaction. Although this has long been known for idealized reactors and time- and space-averaged processes, considerable progress has been made recently on the influence of local mixing processes. This progress has become possible through joint research between chemists, mathematicians, and engineers. We present the reaction systems with adjustable kinetics that have been developed, which are easy to handle and analyze. We show examples of how the selectivity of competitive-consecutive reactions can be controlled via local bubble wake structures. This is demonstrated for Taylor bubbles and bubbly flows under technical conditions. Highly resolvednumerical simulations confirm the importance of the bubble wake structure for the performance of a particular chemical reaction and indicate tremendous potential for future process improvements.</p>","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":" ","pages":"625-643"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39071349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sung-Hyuk Sunwoo, Kyoung-Ho Ha, Sangkyu Lee, Nanshu Lu, Dae-Hyeong Kim
{"title":"Wearable and Implantable Soft Bioelectronics: Device Designs and Material Strategies.","authors":"Sung-Hyuk Sunwoo, Kyoung-Ho Ha, Sangkyu Lee, Nanshu Lu, Dae-Hyeong Kim","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101420-024336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101420-024336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-performance wearable and implantable devices capable of recording physiological signals and delivering appropriate therapeutics in real time are playing a pivotal role in revolutionizing personalized healthcare. However, the mechanical and biochemical mismatches between rigid, inorganic devices and soft, organic human tissues cause significant trouble, including skin irritation, tissue damage, compromised signal-to-noise ratios, and limited service time. As a result, profuse research efforts have been devoted to overcoming these issues by using flexible and stretchable device designs and soft materials. Here, we summarize recent representative research and technological advances for soft bioelectronics, including conformable and stretchable device designs, various types of soft electronic materials, and surface coating and treatment methods. We also highlight applications of these strategies to emerging soft wearable and implantable devices. We conclude with some current limitations and offer future prospects of this booming field.</p>","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":" ","pages":"359-391"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39071351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction.","authors":"Rachel A Segalman, Michael F Doherty","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ch-12-033021-100001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ch-12-033021-100001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":" ","pages":"i-ii"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39071352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tough Double Network Hydrogel and Its Biomedical Applications.","authors":"Takayuki Nonoyama, Jian Ping Gong","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101220-080338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101220-080338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soft and wet hydrogels have many similarities to biological tissues, though their mechanical fragility had been one of the biggest obstacles in biomedical applications. Studies and developments in double network (DN) hydrogels have elucidated how to create tough gels universally based on sacrificial bond principles and opened a path for biomedical application of hydrogels in regenerative medicine and artificial soft connective tissues, such as cartilage, tendon, and ligament, which endure high tension and compression. This review explores a universal toughening mechanism for and biomedical studies of DN hydrogels. Moreover, because the term sacrificial bonds has been mentioned often in studies of bone tissues, consisting of biomacromolecules and biominerals, recent studies of gel-biomineral composites to understand early-stage osteogenesis and to simulate bony sacrificial bonds are also summarized.</p>","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":" ","pages":"393-410"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25520081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Walter Thavarajah, Laura M Hertz, David Z Bushhouse, Chloé M Archuleta, Julius B Lucks
{"title":"RNA Engineering for Public Health: Innovations in RNA-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics.","authors":"Walter Thavarajah, Laura M Hertz, David Z Bushhouse, Chloé M Archuleta, Julius B Lucks","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101420-014055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101420-014055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>RNA is essential for cellular function: From sensing intra- and extracellular signals to controlling gene expression, RNA mediates a diverse and expansive list of molecular processes. A long-standing goal of synthetic biology has been to develop RNA engineering principles that can be used to harness and reprogram these RNA-mediated processes to engineer biological systems to solve pressing global challenges. Recent advances in the field of RNA engineering are bringing this to fruition, enabling the creation of RNA-based tools to combat some of the most urgent public health crises. Specifically, new diagnostics using engineered RNAs are able to detect both pathogens and chemicals while generating an easily detectable fluorescent signal as an indicator. New classes of vaccines and therapeutics are also using engineered RNAs to target a wide range of genetic and pathogenic diseases. Here, we discuss the recent breakthroughs in RNA engineering enabling these innovations and examine how advances in RNA design promise to accelerate the impact of engineered RNA systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":"12 ","pages":"263-286"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9714562/pdf/nihms-1849307.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9178826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}