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Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering最新文献

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Prevalence of MDR-TB Based on Demographic Factors Among Patients Attending Nauth and St Patrick’s Hospital Mile 4 Abakaliki in Southeast Nigeria 尼日利亚东南部阿巴卡利基北部和圣帕特里克医院4英里患者中基于人口统计学因素的耐多药结核病患病率
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术
Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering Pub Date : 2021-03-22 DOI: 10.11648/J.CBE.20210601.12
Chinenye Esther Okoro-Ani, C. Ugbor, S. Ibhawaegbele, I. Udoh, C. Igweagu, O. Dozie-Nwakile, Chima Gabriel Ezeah
{"title":"Prevalence of MDR-TB Based on Demographic Factors Among Patients Attending Nauth and St Patrick’s Hospital Mile 4 Abakaliki in Southeast Nigeria","authors":"Chinenye Esther Okoro-Ani, C. Ugbor, S. Ibhawaegbele, I. Udoh, C. Igweagu, O. Dozie-Nwakile, Chima Gabriel Ezeah","doi":"10.11648/J.CBE.20210601.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.CBE.20210601.12","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to determine the prevalence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) among pulmonary tuberculosis patients attending NnamdiAzikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH) Nnewi and St Patrick’s Hospital Mile 4 Abakaliki demographically. Patients with persistent cough for over two weeks were screened by Ziehl-Neelsen ZN technique for the presence of acid fast bacilli (AFB) in their sputum and a total of 103 patients with AFB positive sputum samples were recruited. The positive sputum samples were subjected to Xpert MTB/RIF assay (GeneXpert®, Cepheid USA) and culture on Lowestein Jensen medium for 42 days at 37°C. Drug susceptibility testing was done on the isolates using the nitrate reduction assay (NRA). Eighty-three 83 (80.6%) of the isolates were obtained from culture after suspected colonies were subjected to morphological, biochemical, and immunological tests and out of the 83 (80.6%) samples analysed by Xpert MTB/RIF assay 45 (67.2%) were rifampicin resistant. Age group 26-35 years showed the highest proportion of positive culture results (33.7%) followed by age group 18-25 (28.8%) years. Demographically, age group 26-35 years had a high prevalence rate of MDR-TB (50.0%) and female gender also showed high prevalence rate of MDR-RB (48.5%). Strikingly, educational status was significantly associated with MDR-TB (P=.020). St Patrick’s hospital had a high prevalence rate of MDR-TB (46.94%) when compared with NAUTH (38.9%) and these indicates that there is high prevalence of MDR-TB among patients with pulmonary TB in these sites. The demographic results of this study calls for urgent and serious intervention as MDR-TB prevalence is increasing even in the face of intense national TB control program.","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75431052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Kinetics and Reactor Model of Biogas Production from Abattoir Waste (Cow Dung) 屠宰场废弃物(牛粪)产沼气动力学及反应器模型
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术
Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.11648/j.cbe.20210603.12
Akpa Jackson Gunorubon, Igbagara Princewill Woyinbrakemi, Adeloye Olalekan Michael
{"title":"Kinetics and Reactor Model of Biogas Production from Abattoir Waste (Cow Dung)","authors":"Akpa Jackson Gunorubon, Igbagara Princewill Woyinbrakemi, Adeloye Olalekan Michael","doi":"10.11648/j.cbe.20210603.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cbe.20210603.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75764603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Identification of Stable Lentil Genotypes Using AMMI Analysis for the Highlands of Bale, Southeastern Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚东南部贝尔高地稳定小扁豆基因型的AMMI鉴定
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术
Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.11648/j.cbe.20210604.12
T. Tadesse, A. Tekalign, Belay Asmare
{"title":"Identification of Stable Lentil Genotypes Using AMMI Analysis for the Highlands of Bale, Southeastern Ethiopia","authors":"T. Tadesse, A. Tekalign, Belay Asmare","doi":"10.11648/j.cbe.20210604.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cbe.20210604.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82756199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Effect of Drought on Various Agro-physical Parameters of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes in a Field Experiment 干旱对鹰嘴豆(Cicer arietinum L.)各农业物理参数的影响田间试验中的基因型
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术
Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.11648/j.cbe.20210604.11
Khadra Ahmed, Hind El Hari, C. Houasli, Ghoulam Cherki
{"title":"Effect of Drought on Various Agro-physical Parameters of Chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L.) Genotypes in a Field Experiment","authors":"Khadra Ahmed, Hind El Hari, C. Houasli, Ghoulam Cherki","doi":"10.11648/j.cbe.20210604.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cbe.20210604.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76899006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Relationship Between Microbiology as a Science and the Microbiology Subject 微生物学与微生物学学科的关系
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术
Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.11648/j.cbe.20210603.11
Lilianne Dominguez Céspedes, Yohorlin Marta Céspedes Fonseca
{"title":"The Relationship Between Microbiology as a Science and the Microbiology Subject","authors":"Lilianne Dominguez Céspedes, Yohorlin Marta Céspedes Fonseca","doi":"10.11648/j.cbe.20210603.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cbe.20210603.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77068039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Process Control and Energy Efficiency. 过程控制和能源效率。
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术
Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering Pub Date : 2020-06-07 Epub Date: 2020-03-23 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092319-083227
Jodie M Simkoff, Fernando Lejarza, Morgan T Kelley, Calvin Tsay, Michael Baldea
{"title":"Process Control and Energy Efficiency.","authors":"Jodie M Simkoff,&nbsp;Fernando Lejarza,&nbsp;Morgan T Kelley,&nbsp;Calvin Tsay,&nbsp;Michael Baldea","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092319-083227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092319-083227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We review the impact of control systems and strategies on the energy efficiency of chemical processes. We show that, in many ways, good control performance is a necessary but not sufficient condition for energy efficiency. The direct effect of process control on energy efficiency is manyfold: Reducing output variability allows for operating chemical plants closer to their limits, where the energy/economic optima typically lie. Further, good control enables novel, transient operating strategies, such as conversion smoothing and demand response. Indirectly, control systems are key to the implementation and operation of more energy-efficient plant designs, as dictated by the process integration and intensification paradigms. These conclusions are supported with references to numerous examples from the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092319-083227","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37764307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
How Do Cells Adapt? Stories Told in Landscapes. 细胞如何适应?风景中的故事。
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术
Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering Pub Date : 2020-06-07 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-011720-103410
Luca Agozzino, Gábor Balázsi, Jin Wang, Ken A Dill
{"title":"How Do Cells Adapt? Stories Told in Landscapes.","authors":"Luca Agozzino,&nbsp;Gábor Balázsi,&nbsp;Jin Wang,&nbsp;Ken A Dill","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-011720-103410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-011720-103410","url":null,"abstract":"Cells adapt to changing environments. Perturb a cell and it returns to a point of homeostasis. Perturb a population and it evolves toward a fitness peak. We review quantitative models of the forces of adaptation and their visualizations on landscapes. While some adaptations result from single mutations or few-gene effects, others are more cooperative, more delocalized in the genome, and more universal and physical. For example, homeostasis and evolution depend on protein folding and aggregation, energy and protein production, protein diffusion, molecular motor speeds and efficiencies, and protein expression levels. Models provide a way to learn about the fitness of cells and cell populations by making and testing hypotheses.","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-011720-103410","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38022339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Numerical Methods for the Solution of Population Balance Equations Coupled with Computational Fluid Dynamics. 结合计算流体力学求解种群平衡方程的数值方法。
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术
Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering Pub Date : 2020-06-07 Epub Date: 2020-04-06 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092319-075814
Mohsen Shiea, Antonio Buffo, Marco Vanni, Daniele Marchisio
{"title":"Numerical Methods for the Solution of Population Balance Equations Coupled with Computational Fluid Dynamics.","authors":"Mohsen Shiea,&nbsp;Antonio Buffo,&nbsp;Marco Vanni,&nbsp;Daniele Marchisio","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092319-075814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092319-075814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review article discusses the solution of population balance equations, for the simulation of disperse multiphase systems, tightly coupled with computational fluid dynamics. Although several methods are discussed, the focus is on quadrature-based moment methods (QBMMs) with particular attention to the quadrature method of moments, the conditional quadrature method of moments, and the direct quadrature method of moments. The relationship between the population balance equation, in its generalized form, and the Euler-Euler multiphase flow models, notably the two-fluid model, is thoroughly discussed. Then the closure problem and the use of Gaussian quadratures to overcome it are analyzed. The review concludes with the presentation of numerical issues and guidelines for users of these modeling approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092319-075814","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37803655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 33
Computational Fluid Dynamics for Fixed Bed Reactor Design. 固定床反应器设计的计算流体动力学。
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术
Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering Pub Date : 2020-06-07 Epub Date: 2020-03-09 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092319-075328
Anthony G Dixon, Behnam Partopour
{"title":"Computational Fluid Dynamics for Fixed Bed Reactor Design.","authors":"Anthony G Dixon,&nbsp;Behnam Partopour","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092319-075328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092319-075328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flow, heat, and mass transfer in fixed beds of catalyst particles are complex phenomena and, when combined with catalytic reactions, are multiscale in both time and space; therefore, advanced computational techniques are being applied to fixed bed modeling to an ever-greater extent. The fast-growing literature on the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in fixed bed design reflects the rapid development of this subfield of reactor modeling. We identify recent trends and research directions in which successful methodology has been established, for example, in computer generation of packings of complex particles, and where more work is needed, for example, in the meshing of nonsphere packings and the simulation of industrial-size packed tubes. Development of fixed bed reactor models, by either using CFD directly or obtaining insight, closures, and parameters for engineering models from simulations, will increase confidence in using these methods for design along with, or instead of, expensive pilot-scale experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092319-075328","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37720077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 89
Unconventional Catalytic Approaches to Ammonia Synthesis. 氨合成的非常规催化方法。
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术
Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering Pub Date : 2020-06-07 Epub Date: 2020-03-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092319-080240
Patrick M Barboun, Jason C Hicks
{"title":"Unconventional Catalytic Approaches to Ammonia Synthesis.","authors":"Patrick M Barboun,&nbsp;Jason C Hicks","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092319-080240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092319-080240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ammonia is a critically important industrial chemical and is largely responsible for sustaining the growing global population. To provide ammonia to underdeveloped regions and/or regions far from industrial production hubs, modular systems have been targeted and often involve unconventional production methodologies. These novel approaches for ammonia production can tap renewable resources at smaller scales located at the point of use, while decreasing the CO<sub>2</sub> footprint. Plasma-assisted catalysis and electrochemical ammonia synthesis have promise owing to their atmospheric pressure and low-temperature operation conditions and the ability to construct units at scales desired for modularization. Fundamental and applied studies are underway to assess these processes, although many unknowns remain. In this review, we discuss recent developments and opportunities for unconventional ammonia synthesis with a focus on plasma-stimulated systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092319-080240","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37724151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
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