{"title":"Bioprivileged Molecules: Integrating Biological and Chemical Catalysis for Biomass Conversion.","authors":"Jiajie Huo, Brent H Shanks","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101519-121127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101519-121127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Further development of biomass conversions to viable chemicals and fuels will require improved atom utilization, process efficiency, and synergistic allocation of carbon feedstock into diverse products, as is the case in the well-developed petroleum industry. The integration of biological and chemical processes, which harnesses the strength of each type of process, can lead to advantaged processes over processes limited to one or the other. This synergy can be achieved through bioprivileged molecules that can be leveraged to produce a diversity of products, including both replacement molecules and novel molecules with enhanced performance properties. However, important challenges arise in the development of bioprivileged molecules. This review discusses the integration of biological and chemical processes and its use in the development of bioprivileged molecules, with a further focus on key hurdles that must be overcome for successful implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"63-85"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101519-121127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37722707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Gosar, R. Phadke, Deepesh Patil, K. Gupta, P. Thakur
{"title":"Development and Validation of an New High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Determination of Apixaban Isomers","authors":"A. Gosar, R. Phadke, Deepesh Patil, K. Gupta, P. Thakur","doi":"10.11648/J.CBE.20200501.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.CBE.20200501.11","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research study is to develop a novel, simple, precise, accurate and economical method for determination of Apixaban API isomers. Apixaban API has three isomer as ortho, meta and para. In reverse phase and normal phase chromatography it was very difficult to separate these isomer; hence new chiral technique was adopted. This chromatographic method was developed on chiralpak IA column (250×4.6×5µm) with isocritic technique. The detection of isomeric impurities were observed at wavelength 290nm. This analytical method was validated as per ICH guideline and regression analysis showed R value (correlation coefficient) > 0.999 for Apixaban API and its isomeric impurities. A solution of Apixaban in dichloromethane was found stable up to 48 hrs. The degradation study was done within the given guidelines prescribed by ICH. The method is validated for Linearity, Accuracy and Precision.","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81028646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Concise Review on the Significance of QSAR in Drug Design","authors":"H. Tandon, T. Chakraborty, V. Suhag","doi":"10.11648/J.CBE.20190404.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.CBE.20190404.11","url":null,"abstract":"Drug designing is a crucial step in the exploration of novel drugs which requires potent methodologies. One of such methodologies is Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) which is a widely used statistical tool that correlates the structure of a molecule to a biological activity as a function of molecular descriptors, thereby, playing an essential role in the drug designing. QSAR utilizes Density Functional Theory (DFT) based chemical descriptors for this purpose. The selection of such significant molecular descriptors from various available descriptors is the foremost challenge in a QSAR as structural descriptors are representative of the molecular characteristics accountable for the relevant activity. Recently, new QSAR approaches have been introduced which further enhance the study of the activities. Further, the constructed QSAR models also need to be tested and validated for their efficiency and practical usage. As the QSAR models are structure specific, they may not be universally applicable. However, because of their high precision and efficacy, they have a promising future in the world of drug design. This review briefly summarizes the role of descriptor based QSAR in drug design in conjunction with existing QSAR approaches and also the utility as well as constraints of this approach in drug design.","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87804046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Food Traceability System: Current State and Future Needs of the Nigerian Poultry and Poultry Product Supply Chain","authors":"H. K. Bako, M. Dandago, S. Nassarawa","doi":"10.11648/j.cbe.20190403.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cbe.20190403.11","url":null,"abstract":"The study revealed a thriving Nigerian food industry and policymakers toward understanding food traceability systems in three ways. Firstly, a realistic strategy toward supply chain visibility. Secondly, verify the concept relating to the implementation of documentation and technological innovations. Thirdly, emphasized the significance of food safety and food recall taking into account current status and future needs and how a traceability system would be realized in the poultry sector by giving a clear roadmap for technology. Also the work explained the current state of the two most practiced method of poultry production; backyard and commercial scale was also investigated.","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73579361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shivaji Jadhav, A. Gosar, A. Jadkar, R. Ankam, C. Dhatrak
{"title":"Isolation and Characterization Photo Degradation Impurities of Drug Product Olopatadine Hydrochloride by Spectral Techniques","authors":"Shivaji Jadhav, A. Gosar, A. Jadkar, R. Ankam, C. Dhatrak","doi":"10.11648/J.CBE.20190402.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.CBE.20190402.11","url":null,"abstract":"Unknown impurities were detected during Photo degradation of Olopatadine Hydrochloride ophthalmic solution 0.5% (w/v) when analyzed using the High performance liquid chromatographic technique with Photo Diode Array Detection. For further investigation was carried out by isolating these impurities from impurity rich sample of Olopatadine Hydrochloride ophthalmic solution 0.5% (w/v) using preparative isolation technique. The Olopatadine Hydrochloride ophthalmic solution 0.5% (w/v) was subjected to photolytic forced degradation in the presence of Benzalkonium chloride and other excipients like Hypromellose, Mannitol, Hydroxypropyl, Boric acid, Kollidon 30 LP and mixture of solvents (Acetonitrile: Methanol; 1: 1 (v/v) under Ultra violet visible light. This led to the formation of the said impurities in higher concentration. This sample was then subjected to preparative HPLC for isolation of these unknown impurities. The structure of these unknown impurities was further elucidated using a different technique like Infra Ray Spectroscopy, Direct infusion (DI) Mass Spectroscopy, Ultra violet-Visible Spectroscopy, Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, carbon Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT) Spectroscopy which helped to confirm the structure of the impurities. Structure elucidation of the two impurities revealed that these are E and Z isomers of the Olopatadine hydrochloride Carbaldehyde. Olopatadine Z- isomer is used in the formulation of the Olopatadine Hydrochloride Ophthalmic Solution 0.5% (w/v). The minor amount of E- isomer also remains present in this solution as a potential impurity. However, the amount of E-isomer may increase in the solution form due to racemization. Hence, the respective Carbaldehyde impurities (both E and Z isomers) are forming during Photolytic degradation. This formation is happening through photolytic Norrish type-1 reaction which is elaborated in the paper.","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":"80 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2019-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83868269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deinking of Black Toner Ink from Laser Printed Paper by Using Anionic Surfactant","authors":"M. Abraha, Zebene Kifle","doi":"10.11648/J.CBE.20190401.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.CBE.20190401.15","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research was to synthesize natural anionic surfactant from renewable material and use of this surfactant for ink removal from printed paper via flotation deinking in paper recycling process. The work included the preparation of the castor seed raw material, extraction of castor oil, preparation of anionic surfactant and deinking flotation of waste printed paper. Foamability and foam stability, critical micelle concentration and hydrophilic lipophilic balance of the surfactant was characterized and used to evaluate its fundamental deinking ability properties for the purpose of deinking flotation. The hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of the fatty acid soap of 19.48, average Foamability height of 49cm and critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 0.0065M was obtained. Lab scale flotation deinking process was done and the basic flotation parameters like flotation time, fatty acid soap dosage and pH were optimized for evaluating deinking efficiency. The flotation deinking efficiency was probed by measuring the residual ink concentration of the hand sheet via Perkin Elmer spectroscopy before and after deinking flotation. The individual and interaction effects between the basic parameters were studied by using design Expert Software 6.0.8. For the deinking flotation, the maximum ink removal efficiency was determined to be 78.02% at the flotation time of 90min, fatty acid soap dosage of 1.5% and pH of 9. Increasing flotation time from 30min up to 90 min and decreasing fatty acid dosage from 3% to 1.5% and increasing of pH from 3 up to 9 were found to have increased the ink removal efficiency.","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":"99 10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87717318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Glückliche Reise.","authors":"John M Prausnitz","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060718-030112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060718-030112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Following Forest Hills High School in New York City, I attended Cornell University for a five-year program leading to a Bachelor of Chemical Engineering degree. After spending one year at the University of Rochester to obtain a Master of Science in Chemical Engineering, I came to Princeton University in 1951. Four years later, with a fresh PhD, I joined the faculty at the University of California, Berkeley, where I remained, interrupted only by sabbatical leaves in Switzerland, Germany, England, New Zealand, and Australia. Most of my professional work has been in applied chemical thermodynamics for process design, in particular, development of molecular-thermodynamic models for calculating phase equilibria for large-scale separation operations. I have also worked on the properties of electrolytes and hydrates, critical phenomena in fluid mixtures, properties of polymers and gels, adsorption of fluid mixtures, and separation of biomolecules. For many years I was a consultant for Air Projects and Chemicals and for the Fluor Corporation. Throughout my long teaching career, I have stressed the importance of context and of integrating science and engineering with humanities and with the needs of society. Such integration makes better engineers and contributes to personal happiness.</p>","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":"10 ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2019-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060718-030112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37307648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Protein and Peptide Biomaterials for Engineered Subunit Vaccines and Immunotherapeutic Applications.","authors":"Alexandra N Tsoras, Julie A Champion","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060718-030347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060718-030347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although vaccines have been the primary defense against widespread infectious disease for decades, there is a critical need for improvement to combat complex and variable diseases. More control and specificity over the immune response can be achieved by using only subunit components in vaccines. However, these often lack sufficient immunogenicity to fully protect, and conjugation or carrier materials are required. A variety of protein and peptide biomaterials have improved effectiveness and delivery of subunit vaccines for infectious, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. They are biodegradable and have control over both material structure and immune function. Many of these materials are built from naturally occurring self-assembling proteins, which have been engineered for incorporation of vaccine components. In contrast, others are de novo designs of structures with immune function. In this review, protein biomaterial design, engineering, and immune functionality as vaccines or immunotherapies are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":"10 ","pages":"337-359"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2019-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060718-030347","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37307646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katherine Ayers, Nemanja Danilovic, Ryan Ouimet, Marcelo Carmo, Bryan Pivovar, Marius Bornstein
{"title":"Perspectives on Low-Temperature Electrolysis and Potential for Renewable Hydrogen at Scale.","authors":"Katherine Ayers, Nemanja Danilovic, Ryan Ouimet, Marcelo Carmo, Bryan Pivovar, Marius Bornstein","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060718-030241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060718-030241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrogen is an important part of any discussion on sustainability and reduction in emissions across major energy sectors. In addition to being a feedstock and process gas for many industrial processes, hydrogen is emerging as a fuel alternative for transportation applications. Renewable sources of hydrogen are therefore required to increase in capacity. Low-temperature electrolysis of water is currently the most mature method for carbon-free hydrogen generation and is reaching relevant scales to impact the energy landscape. However, costs still need to be reduced to be economical with traditional hydrogen sources. Operating cost reductions are enabled by the recent availability of low-cost sources of renewable energy, and the potential exists for a large reduction in capital cost withmaterial and manufacturing optimization. This article focuses on the current status and development needs by component for the low-temperature electrolysis options.</p>","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":"10 ","pages":"219-239"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2019-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060718-030241","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37308585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermodynamic Principles for the Design of Polymers for Drug Formulations.","authors":"Michael Fischlschweiger, Sabine Enders","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060718-030304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060718-030304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polymers play an essential role in drug formulation and production of medical devices, implants, and diagnostics. Following drug discovery, an appropriate formulation is selected to enable drug delivery. This task can be exceedingly challenging owing to the large number of potential delivery methods and formulation and process variables that can interact in complex ways. This evolving solubility challenge has inspired an increasing emphasis on the developability of drug candidates in early discovery as well as various advanced drug solubilization strategies. Among the latter, formulation approaches that lead to prolonged drug supersaturation to maximize the driving force for sustained intestinal absorption of an oral product, or to allow sufficient time for injection after reconstitution of a parenteral lyophile formulation, have attracted increasing interest. Although several kinetic and thermodynamic components are involved in stabilizing amorphous dispersions, it is generally assumed that maximum physical stability, defined in terms of inhibition of drug crystallization, requires that the drug and excipient remain intimately mixed. Phase separation of the drug from its excipient may be the first step that ultimately leads to crystallization. We discuss the role of advanced thermodynamics using two examples: ASD and vitamin E-stabilized ultrahigh-molecular weight polyethylene implants.</p>","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":"10 ","pages":"311-335"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2019-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060718-030304","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37081581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}