Applied Thermal Engineering最新文献

{"title":"The influence of milliliter-scale oil volume on ignition temperature and fire behavior induced by hot surface","authors":"Wang Zhenzhen ,&nbsp;Luo Zhenmin ,&nbsp;Zhenghui Wang ,&nbsp;Jian Chen ,&nbsp;Depeng Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the common ignition source in the chemical processing industry, hot surfaces could ignite leaking flammable liquid fuels, further causing property damage and casualties. In real fire scenarios, the leakage volume of flammable liquid is typically random. While previous studies have primarily focused on the minimum ignition temperature of flammable liquids, the leakage volume in these studies is relatively small. In order to explore the influence of milliliter-scale leakage volumes (3–9 mL) on the ignition and burning characteristics induced by hot surface, the fire experiment was carried out for transformer oil, where some key parameters were measured and analyzed, including ignition probability, ignition delay time, and fire thermal radiation. Based on hot surface experiments with oil volumes ranging from 3 to 9 mL, it was found that three reaction conditions can be classified for the transformer oil leaking onto hot surfaces, including non-ignition, ignition after long time heating and ignition during the leakage stage. The ignition probability of transformer oil varies with temperature following N-shaped curve, and then traditional prediction model of ignition probability was modified by the single-peak expression. There is a clear negative correlation between the minimum ignition temperature and the volume of oil. The ignition delay time increased as the liquid fuel volume increased for the ignition after long time heating, and the liquid fuel volume had limited influence on the ignition delay time for the ignition during the leakage stage. Furthermore, it was found that the increase in oil volume would contribute to the occurrence of flame overflow. As the volume of leaking oil increases, the maximum radiative heat flux increase exponentially with the surface temperature. The research results provide crucial theoretical support for risk assessment of liquid fuel leakage fire hazards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 126493"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation of pool boiling heat transfer on rib surfaces under non-uniform electric field","authors":"Zheng Li ,&nbsp;Zhenlin Zhou ,&nbsp;Yongsheng Xu ,&nbsp;Mei Lin ,&nbsp;Qiuwang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Boiling heat transfer has become the primary method for dissipating heat from high-power electronic devices. However, the heat dissipation mechanism of boiling in high-voltage environments urgently needs improvement. In this study, a numerical calculation model coupling electrical, thermal, and fluid fields was established. By customizing the electric field force equation and employing the vapor–liquid phase change Lee model, four different electrode configurations were designed on the rib surface, each generating a distinct electric field structure. Numerical simulations of boiling on rib surfaces with the four electrode arrangements under various voltage differences revealed that non-uniform electric fields are generated at the rib corners. Bubbles were observed to deviate from the strong field region and escape to the weak field region under the influence of the electric field. This effect can disrupt the vapor film covering layer during the transition boiling or film boiling stages, thereby enhancing the boiling heat transfer capability and increasing the critical heat flux. Within the voltage difference range of <em>U</em> = 25 ∼ 75 kV, designing non-uniform electric fields could uniformly increase the heat flux density on the rib surface, while also enhancing the critical heat flux by 10.9 % to 35 %. This study provides theoretical support for the design of novel cooling systems and heat dissipation structures for high-voltage, high thermal power electronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 126511"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation on phase change material–based finned tube heat exchanger for thermal energy storage and building envelope thermal management","authors":"Achutha Tamraparni,&nbsp;Joseph Rendall,&nbsp;Zhenglai Shen,&nbsp;Diana Hun,&nbsp;Som Shrestha","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phase change materials (PCMs) are attractive solutions for thermal energy storage (TES) applications by absorbing and releasing large amounts of latent heat during solid–liquid phase transitions. However, their relatively low thermal conductivity requires novel heat exchanger–based solutions to improve the power density and overall energy storage efficiency of the TES system. This work presents the design and experimental results of a finned tube heat exchanger to store collected natural thermal energy from a building envelope in a latent-based TES and to release it later for building heating/cooling applications. We experimentally evaluate the finned tube heat exchanger and evaluate the performance of TES in reducing building heating and cooling loads over 3–4 h of desired time of operation (e.g., peak load). The optimized design allows for maximum energy density by minimizing the heat exchanger volume, and the system is evaluated experimentally using commercially available heat exchanger materials and an organic PCM. The experimental results reveal that the TES system is able to charge and discharge stored latent energy within 3–4 h, matching peak building electricity demand duration under an average fluid flow rate of 0.136 kg/s and temperature difference of 5.55 °C. Importantly, such optimized designs illuminate a path toward TES designs that are low-cost, scalable, and optimized for thermal energy and power availability under the desired time of operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 126490"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of transverse jet arrangement on mixing characteristics in a circular-to-rectangular nozzle","authors":"Wenchong Xia,&nbsp;Bo Zhang,&nbsp;Huazhe Zhu,&nbsp;Zhuang Ma,&nbsp;Jingjing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transverse jets were introduced into the wide side and narrow side of the rectangular exit, based on the circular to rectangular nozzle. The simulations were performed using LES to reveal the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of coherent vortex structures induced by transverse jet-hot jet interactions and their influence on mixing and cooling performance. Under a mass flow rate of 2%, we investigated the effect of transverse jets injection from wide side and narrow side on the high-temperature zone and analyzed the influence mechanism of transverse jet configurations on the entrainment effect of streamwise vortexes. The transverse jets effectively decreased the area of the high-temperature zone along the flow direction. Upon transverse flow injection, the shear effect induced by the velocity difference between the transverse and hot jets generated a counter-rotating vortex pair, which interacted with vortex rings, accelerating their dissipation into hairpin and spiral vortices. As the momentum ratio increased, the penetration depth of the transverse jet also augmented. At a constant momentum ratio, the penetration depth of transverse jets introduced from the wide side was greater than that of transverse jets introduced from the narrow side. It was found that When transverse jets were bilaterally injected at the wide side of the rectangular nozzle, the length of high temperature zone was effectively reduced by 53.6%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 126496"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal analysis of a solid particle light-trapping planar cavity receiver using computational fluid dynamics","authors":"Chathusha Punchi Wedikkara ,&nbsp;Janna Martinek ,&nbsp;Zhiwen Ma ,&nbsp;Aaron Morris","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Concentrated solar power (CSP) is one of the most effective ways of harnessing solar power to create efficient, durable, and resilient energy systems. This study entails thermal modeling and analysis of a novel central tower receiver configuration. This receiver uses solid particles as the heat transfer fluid (HTF), a promising option for third-generation CSP systems. The configuration considered here is the light-trapping planar cavity receiver (LTPCR) introduced by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. While heat transfer studies of various LTPCR subsystems have been done, system-level thermal analysis of the LTPCR receiver has not been attempted. This study also presents important sensitivity analyses of the operating parameters of the CSP system, which can help guide the design of future central tower receivers. This study employs Ansys Fluent as a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool to model fluid dynamics and heat transfer in the receiver, intending to quantify its thermal performance. The model seamlessly integrates Monte Carlo ray tracing data, which generates absorbed solar flux profiles from the heliostat field design, with the heat transfer characteristics of the fluidized particle bed. This unified model is designed to accurately predict the thermal behavior of the LTPCR. Analysis of preliminary results reveals that the primary loss mechanisms are radiative and natural convective losses, in that order. Based on observations from a baseline case, several strategies are suggested and numerically tested. These solutions include selective cooling of high-temperature regions and manipulation of particle bed parameters. Selective cooling of high-temperature regions reduced the peak temperature by 151 °C and decreased thermal losses by 0.9%. Improving the particle–wall heat transfer coefficient (P-W HTC) of the particle bed decreased the thermal losses by 1.7% and decreased the peak temperatures by 57 °C. Decreasing the particle inlet temperature (PIT) also reduced thermal losses by 3.5% and decreased peak temperatures by 29 °C. Compounding these strategies improved the thermal losses of the receiver from 13.5% in the baseline case to 7.5%. Additionally, the study explores the variation in thermal performance across different locations of the receiver, where a variation of thermal losses from 12.9% to 17.3% is found. This allows a comprehensive evaluation of potential improvements in efficiency and temperature management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 126427"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic flooding management strategy for automotive proton exchange membrane fuel cell system using cathode membrane water content","authors":"Huu Linh Nguyen ,&nbsp;Younghyeon Kim ,&nbsp;Dinh Hoang Trinh ,&nbsp;Sangseok Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a dynamic model for a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) system for vehicular applications, focusing on membrane humidity regulation through external humidification and air supply management. The key innovation of this study lies in the introduction of a novel feedback control strategy that uses cathode membrane water content as a control signal, replacing traditional cathode relative humidity (RH) measurements. This approach enables effective management of humidity levels exceeding 100%, ensuring optimal hydration while preventing flooding. The model incorporates key components, including the fuel cell stack, air compressor, humidifier, and bypass valve, to simulate system behavior under varying operating conditions. Results show that increasing current density leads to liquid water accumulation at the cathode, resulting in flooding, while adjusting the bypass valve open ratio significantly affects humidity levels. Lower ratios raise cathode humidity and risk flooding, while higher ratios lead to insufficient membrane hydration. This study’s novel control strategy offers a significant advancement in maintaining cathode relative humidity at 100%, avoiding flooding, and improving overall fuel cell performance in vehicular applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 126485"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling in-furnace phenomena in a hydrogen-rich low-carbon reduction smelting furnace: Influence of blast parameters of hydrogen-rich gas","authors":"Yapu Xing ,&nbsp;Zhiguo Luo ,&nbsp;Haifeng Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoai Wang ,&nbsp;Mingyin Kou ,&nbsp;Shengli Wu ,&nbsp;Zongshu Zou ,&nbsp;Heng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CFD study of the reduction smelting furnace (RSF) of a full-oxygen hydrogen-rich low-carbon reduction smelting ironmaking process is presented in this work. The influences of hydrogen-rich gas blast parameters on the in-furnace phenomena are studied. The results indicate that the hydrogen-rich gas predominantly develops at the edge of the reactor, while CO gas tends to dominate the central gas flow. When the temperature of the hydrogen-rich gas is 1223 K and the ratio φ(H₂):φ(CO) is 7:3, the molar fraction of Fe at the bottom of the reduction section is 0.882. As the injection temperature of the hydrogen-rich gas increases, the reduction effect inside the furnace gradually improves, leading to an increase in Fe content. However, when the temperature exceeds 1273 K, the rate of increase in metallic iron content slows down. As the ratio of hydrogen-rich gas φ(H₂):φ(CO) increases from 6:4 to 9:1, the area of high-temperature zones inside the furnace gradually decreases. The endothermic phenomenon of H₂ intensifies, the matching of physical and chemical energy weakens, and the metallization rate gradually decreases. Considering that a higher carbon emission occurs with a φ(H₂):φ(CO) of 6:4, a ratio of 7:3 for hydrogen-rich gases is more appropriate from an academic perspective. This study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the operation of the full-oxygen, hydrogen-rich carbon cycle reduction melting furnace process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 126494"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation on the performance of a W-type radiant tube using ammonia/hydrogen/methane blends","authors":"Zhicheng Hao ,&nbsp;Fangguan Tan ,&nbsp;Jiaqiang Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaochen Hu ,&nbsp;Dengze Li ,&nbsp;Fashe Li ,&nbsp;Dongfang Li ,&nbsp;Hua Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As crucial equipment in the metallurgical industry, radiant tubes possess significant CO₂ reduction potential. Ammonia/hydrogen/methane blends can mitigate the constraint associated with single-component carbon-free fuel/methane blends, facilitating a higher proportion of methane replacement. Although ammonia/hydrogen/methane blends are promising for the CO₂ reduction of radiant tubes, their effect on the performance of radiant tubes remains unclear. In this study, several cases with different NH₃/H₂/50%CH₄ fuel blend ratios are numerically performed to compare the effect of fuel components on the performance of the W-type radiant tube (WRT). Compared to 100 % CH₄, using NH₃/H₂/50%CH₄ blends in the WRT could enhance temperature uniformity and reduce CO₂ emissions significantly. However, this came with a decreased thermal efficiency and dramatically increased NO_x emissions. As the NH₃ proportion in NH₃/H₂/50%CH₄ blends decreased from 50 % to 25 %, H₂ increased from 0 % to 25 %, the temperature difference increased from 76.2 K to 81.4 K, the non-uniformity coefficient increased from 0.0555 to 0.0591, the thermal efficiency increased from 58.5 % to 59.9 %, the CO₂ emissions increased from 5.10 g/s to 5.28 g/s, and the NO concentration increased from 1725 ppm to 1954 ppm. This indicates that NH₃ in NH₃/H₂/50%CH₄ blends is crucial for enhancing temperature uniformity and reducing emissions, while H₂ importantly boosts thermal efficiency. In addition, although the use of NH₃/H₂/50%CH₄ blends slightly reduced the emissivity of the flue gas, it had no significant effect on the radiative heat transfer between the flue gas and the tube. Moreover, the greenhouse effect caused by N₂O was negligible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 126498"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parametric study of miniature Stirling cryocooler for high temperature infrared detector with design refinement for SWaP configuration","authors":"Muhammad Shad,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ability to precisely control cooling temperature while meeting strict SWaP (Size, Weight, and Power) requirements makes miniature Stirling cryocoolers essential for contemporary high-operating temperature infrared detector systems. This study conducts a thorough parametric analysis of a miniature rotary Stirling cryocooler based on a one-factor-at-a-time approach, employing a semi-adiabatic thermodynamics model. The results show that fluid flow pressure loss accounts for the biggest power loss, while the regenerator conduction loss is the largest heat loss. Additionally, each micrometer of piston stroke and regenerator length has an impact on the cryocooler’s overall performance and compactness. Therefore, a feasible stroke of 1.8 mm and a regenerator length of 24.5 mm is determined for the cryocooler design. As operating speed increases, the cryocooler’s net refrigeration capacity rises linearly, potentially allowing smaller components for SWaP cryocooler design. However, fluid flow pressure and mechanical friction losses rise sharply. Furthermore, based on the ideal analytical results, a miniature rotary Stirling cryocooler with enhanced SWaP characteristics is designed, generating 0.68 W of net refrigeration with an actual input power of 4.28 W. The predicted coefficient of performance for the cryocooler is 15.85 % at a cooling temperature of 150 K, with a designed weight of 177 g. The cryocooler’s specific power of 6.3 and mass-specific cooling power of 0.004 are achieved, respectively, indicating relatively higher efficiency, as well as compactness and lightweight. The designed cryocooler is compared with other Stirling cryocoolers from the literature and exhibits good agreement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 126495"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of nano-enhanced phase change materials in a two-stage solar still with parabolic dish collector","authors":"Vednath P. Kalbande ,&nbsp;Manoj S. Choudhari ,&nbsp;Shilpa Vinchurkar ,&nbsp;Aniket Nakade ,&nbsp;Anurag Aglawe ,&nbsp;Kalash More ,&nbsp;Laukik Raut ,&nbsp;Man Mohan","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Among the most pressing global concerns are those related to sustainable energy supply, effective water recycling, and comprehensive water management. Scarcity of clean water is often exacerbated by inadequate saline water management, highlighting the need for innovative solutions. The current study explores an advanced thermal energy storage system based on a parabolic dish solar collector, which is integrated with a desalination unit. This system utilizes pure paraffin wax and various nano-enhanced phase change materials, including mono, binary, and ternary configurations. The setup features two water tanks coupled with the parabolic dish solar collector and phase change material section, where the phase change materials are implemented in different phases: mono (Al₂O₃, CuO, MWNCNT), binary (Al₂O₃-CuO, CuO-MWCNT), and ternary (Al₂O₃-CuO-MWCNT) nanocomposites. Key performance indicators analyzed in this research include temperature behavior, thermal efficiency, water yield, and economic feasibility. The results demonstrate accumulated water yields of 4.82, 6.95, 7.61, 8.36, 8.88, 9.28, and 9.81 L/m² for each respective phase change materials module. Among the selected PCMs, the ternary Al₂O₃-CuO-MWCNT nanocomposite possess higher energy efficiency of 82.46 % with the cost per litre of $0.02213. Notably, binary nano-enhanced phase change materials outperforms pure paraffin wax and mono nano-enhanced phase change materials, while ternary nano-enhanced phase change materials exhibits superior performance over binary nano-enhanced phase change materials. This innovative approach offers significant potential for reducing the cost and energy requirements of water purification systems, providing an economically viable alternative for facilities looking to optimize their reverse osmosis purification processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 126484"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}