Applied Thermal Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Experimental investigation on heat transfer performance of ultra-thin flexible polymer heat pipes with hydrophilic nylon mesh wicks","authors":"Fengdie Hu ,&nbsp;Yejie Jiang ,&nbsp;Wei Yuan ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Zhang ,&nbsp;Haowei Liang ,&nbsp;Yong Tang ,&nbsp;Qing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid advancement of flexible electronics, it is crucial to develop efficient and flexible heat dissipation devices to address the issue of excessive localized heat fluxes in confined internal spaces under bending conditions. In this work, the ultra-thin flexible polymer heat pipes (FPHPs) were fabricated using hydrophilic nylon mesh wicks (HNMWs), aluminum-plastic film casings, and composite support structures consisting of coarse nylon mesh and polyimide (PI) vapor channel. The HNMWs with outstanding hydrophilicity and capillary performance exhibit a low water contact angle of 15.9°, a high equilibrated wicking height of 81 mm, and a significantly high capillary coefficient of 9.36 mm/s^0.5. The effects of working fluid filling ratio, mesh number of coarse nylon mesh, and thickness of PI vapor channel, on the heat transfer performance of FPHPs were investigated. Results demonstrate that the optimal filling ratio is 100 %, and that both the mesh number of coarse nylon mesh and thickness of PI vapor channel positively correlate with heat transfer performance of FPHPs. Additionally, the FPHPs achieve outstanding heat transfer performance, with a maximum heat transfer power of up to 11 W, a high equivalent thermal conductivity of up to 9737.58 W/(m·K), and a low thermal resistance of 0.15 K/W. The FPHPs display excellent flexibility with a low thermal resistance of 0.17 K/W, representing only a 13.3 % increase from the value without bending. The proposed FPHPs with excellent heat transfer performance and flexibility hold significant potential for use in high-power flexible electronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 126734"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bi-objective optimization of thermal interface material-microchannel-nanofluid-based thermal management system design for microchip array","authors":"Yingzong Liang ,&nbsp;Zejian Lin ,&nbsp;Xianglong Luo ,&nbsp;Jianyong Chen ,&nbsp;Zhi Yang ,&nbsp;Rongjun Wu ,&nbsp;Ying Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the power consumption of Active Antenna Unit (AAU) increases, effective thermal management is essential to ensuring stable equipment operation. Among various solutions, microchannel liquid cooling using nanofluid offers notable potential, yet system-level studies on its integration remain limited. This study develops a microchip array thermal management system based on thermal interface material, microchannel, and nanofluid. A semi-empirical steady-state heat transfer model is combined with an economic model to establish a bi-objective optimization framework. This framework enables a trade-off optimization that balances cooling performance and economic efficiency. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to evaluate the influence of key design parameters, and case studies under different operating scenarios are used to validate system’s reliability. Results indicate that the trade-off design achieves a weighted average chip junction temperature of 53.3 °C with a total annualized cost of $45.7. The study concludes that optimizing the structural design and cost of the air-cooled heat sink, along with reducing pump and fan power, is key to achieving efficient and cost-effective thermal management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 126727"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic multi-band camouflage and thermal management based on In3SbTe2","authors":"Tianyi Wang ,&nbsp;Boshi Wang ,&nbsp;Kaihua Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaohu Wu ,&nbsp;Kun Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With advancements in multispectral detection technologies, the use of multiband camouflage has emerged as an effective solution for addressing the challenges posed by advanced reconnaissance and surveillance systems. Furthermore, emissivity modulation is essential for improving the effectiveness of infrared camouflage, especially in complex environments. This study presents a tunable multiband-compatible laser camouflage system featuring a layered configuration consisting of ZnS/Ge/MgF₂/Ge/IST/W. This structure shows excellent camouflage performance across various spectral bands, including visible light, near-infrared, mid-wave infrared (3–5 μm), and long-wave infrared (8–14 μm), as well as at laser detection wavelengths of 1.06 μm and 1.54 μm, both before and after the IST phase transition. The emissivity modulation of the non-atmospheric window (NAW) band is achieved by controlling the phase state of the phase-change material IST. In its crystalline state, the NAW band exhibits increased emissivity, which aids in heat dissipation and cooling when the target temperature exceeds the background temperature. Conversely, when the background temperature exceeds the target temperature, the structure shifts to an amorphous state, leading to reduced NAW emissivity that minimizes thermal loss. This adjustment allows the target temperature to align more closely with the environment, thereby enhancing camouflage effectiveness. Through thermal imaging simulations of the two phase-change states, this study clearly illustrates the camouflage capabilities of the structure over a range of temperatures, emphasizing its significant potential for adaptive multiband camouflage. This tunable system showcases impressive flexibility in adapting to environmental changes, presenting diverse applications for multiband-compatible camouflage systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 126724"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of heat recovery in CO2 refrigeration cycles for supermarkets: A mechanism for determining optimal discharge pressure","authors":"Sotirios Thanasoulas","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126728","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The benefit of two-stage heat recovery compared to one-stage heat recovery is not deeply investigated in CO₂ refrigeration systems with heat recovery in supermarkets. Moreover, the optimum discharge pressure respecting the thermodynamic principles governing the heat recovery heat exchangers, has not been defined. This study addresses this research gap combining existing knowledge of the pinch point in CO₂ heat pump gas coolers and supermarket refrigeration systems with heat recovery. This novel approach leads to more accurate control and design inputs for the commercial refrigeration industry. Key findings of the study in a Swedish supermarket show that two-stage heat recovery, compared to one-stage, improves the Seasonal Performance Factor for heat (SPF) by 17 %, with the refrigeration cycle’s annual energy savings reaching up to 4 % in cold climates. Additionally, heat export capabilities to district heating networks are explored, demonstrating a 25 % efficiency improvement with a two-stage configuration instead of a one-stage configuration. Moreover, increasing the discharge pressure by less than 5 bar compared to the optimum value can reduce the total required UA-value of the heat recovery heat exchangers by 45–48 %, with a maximum SPF penalty of 2.8 %</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 126728"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental research on pool boiling heat transfer characteristics under surface blister conditions","authors":"Yue Ma,&nbsp;JianJun Xu,&nbsp;Lei Ding,&nbsp;TianZhou Xie,&nbsp;Xi Sui","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Blistering, a unique failure mode of dispersed fuels, significantly impacts the heat transfer efficiency and operational safety of reactor cores. To investigate this phenomenon, we conducted visualization pool boiling experiments using surfaces with different blister configurations: single blister surfaces, adjacent blister surface, and height contrast surface. Bubble dynamics were systematically documented by high-speed imaging, while localized temperature measurements were utilized to construct pool boiling curves and heat transfer coefficient (HTC) profiles. Experimental results reveal that effective bubble nucleation sites on blister surfaces are concentrated at the bottom edges of blisters. Bubble dynamics in blister zones are governed by two mechanisms: curvature-induced surface tension amplification and buoyancy enhancement driven by edge-localized vapor nuclei. The protrusion geometry of blisters significantly disrupts vapor coverage, with blisters ≥ 2 mm in height exhibiting continuous vapor film disruption after the critical heat flux (CHF) is reached. Compared to conventional surface, blister surfaces exhibit 9.37–39.82 % CHF reduction. Furthermore, the heat transfer characteristics of blister surfaces are governed by the competition between geometry-enhanced thermal performance and thermal resistance-induced heat transfer deterioration: at low-to-medium heat fluxes, the HTC of blister surfaces generally exceeds that of conventional surface, whereas at high heat fluxes, the HTC of blister surfaces rapidly decreases and induces earlier CHF onset. This study lays a foundation for researching flow boiling heat transfer characteristics under surface blister conditions and provides a theoretical basis for establishing safety criteria of nuclear fuel assemblies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 126669"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A model for the estimation of the refrigerant flow distribution and an experimental study on the integrated thermal management system of electric vehicles","authors":"Xuewen Zhang ,&nbsp;Qing Gao ,&nbsp;Yuan Gao ,&nbsp;TianShi Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianwei Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid growth and advancements in electric vehicles (EVs), the thermal management technology for the entire vehicle has progressively evolved towards greater integration and refinement. This evolution places heightened expectations on the precise control and energy-efficient utilization of multiple systems, including the battery thermal management system (BTMS) and air conditioning (AC), among others. In this paper, we propose an aggregate tendency method aimed at tracing the distribution characteristics of refrigerant flow in multi-cooling systems. This method is designed to provide fundamental target regulation parameters for the main control quantities based on the cooling capacity demands of both the battery and the AC. First, the relationship between the cooling capacity demands of parallel circuits is analyzed, and a mathematical model of compressor speed and refrigerant flow distribution is established. Subsequently, by introducing flow distribution coefficients (<em>ω</em>_r) and extrapolating the main control quantities, a trend quantification of regulation is obtained. The validation results indicate that the model possesses good predictive accuracy. Finally, considering the typical dynamic driving conditions of vehicles, the pre-adjustment target of the thermal management system is established. Additionally, the joint regulation schemes for synchronous and asynchronous control of the compressor and VOVs (compressor priority and VOVs priority) are investigated. The results indicate that prioritizing these control schemes achieves a balance between the battery cooling response and the air temperature fluctuations of the AC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 126731"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study and analyzing the near-wall quenching behavior for lean-burned methane/air premixed laminar flames","authors":"Xuefeng Xue ,&nbsp;Run Chen ,&nbsp;Tie Li ,&nbsp;Xinyi Zhou ,&nbsp;Shuai Huang ,&nbsp;Shiyan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The flame quenching at the near-wall region plays the most significant role on the unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) emission in spark ignition engines. Especially for lean-burn nature gas engines, near-wall quenching results in a large amount of methane slip which leads to a unneglectable greenhouse effect. Research on flame quenching under ultra-lean combustion and at elevated pressures are lacking, which contributes to UHC prediction in lean-burn nature gas engines. In this study, quantitative measurements of the quenching distance for lean CH₄/air laminar premixed flames were carried out at elevated pressures. Deep insight of near-wall quenching behaviors and flame propagation characteristics for laminar premixed CH₄/air flames were proposed through simultaneous high-speed schlieren and CH* chemiluminescence micrography. Laminar flame thicknesses of different equivalence ratios were released to reveal the relation between the flame front structure and wall-quenching characteristics, and the effects of flame front structure on the near-wall quenching were evaluated. Normal thermal gradient of the boundary layer at the near-wall region was calculated through the measured heat flux by employing high-speed heat flux sensors. Furthermore, dimensionless parameters as Nusselt number (<em>Nu</em>) and Peclet number (<em>Pe</em>) were derived to clarify the relation between the wall heat transfer and near-wall flame quenching. The result shows that quenching distances decrease exponentially with larger equivalence ratios, while reaching a significantly large distance near the lean limit (<em>ϕ</em> = 0.5) in this study. Although thermal gradients increase rapidly with larger equivalence ratios, the higher reactivity resulting from larger equivalence ratios overweighs the thermal gradient effect, leading to smaller quenching distances. The quenching distance is inversely proportional to the initial ambient pressure at the range of 0.5∼3 MPa in this study. The wall thermal gradient, however, enhances with the increase of the initial ambient pressure. Due to the dimensionless analysis, the wall heat transfer shows a strong effect on the near-wall flame quenching significantly under elevated pressures and lean combustion conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 126708"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization and scale-up of methyl ricinoleate pyrolysis reactor: A numerical simulation and experimental study","authors":"Xiaoning Mao ,&nbsp;Liting Li ,&nbsp;Mingjun Xu ,&nbsp;Shangzhi Yu ,&nbsp;Ying Duan ,&nbsp;Qinglong Xie ,&nbsp;Xiaojiang Liang ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Wu ,&nbsp;Yong Nie","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pyrolysis of methyl ricinoleate (MR) produces valuable intermediates, undecylenic acid methyl ester (UAME) and heptanal (HEP), essential for pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Conventional reactors are limited to poor heat transfer and significant temperature gradients, resulting in low product yields and difficulties in scale-up. To overcome these limitations, this study develops a process intensification approach using an inductively heated reactor coupled with rotational atomization feeding for MR pyrolysis. Additionally, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and numerical heat transfer (NHT) simulations were employed to optimize the reactor structure. The CFD results demonstrated that the increasing number of fins and feed nozzle rotation speed enhanced airflow turbulence and improved droplet-wall impingement. And the NHT simulations confirmed that the uniform wall temperature distribution was achieved for the optimized reactor. Experimental results demonstrated that the conversion rate of MR increased with increasing nozzle speed, with the maximum UAME and HEP yields reaching 65.9 % and 79.6 %, respectively at 520 °C in the scaled-up reactor. Notably, the reactor exhibited minimal scale-up effects, attributed to its enhanced heat transfer and uniform temperature distribution. Overall, the pyrolysis reactor proposed in this study exhibited great potential in industrial MR pyrolysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 126705"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization on the combustion and performance of high-EGR engine by Air-assisted Pre-chamber Turbulent Jet Ignition (APTJI)","authors":"Dingwen Wang ,&nbsp;Yuntong Song ,&nbsp;Zongkuan Liu ,&nbsp;Haiqiao Wei ,&nbsp;Lei Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing demand for carbon and pollutant emission reduction, the development of the technologies aimed at improving fuel efficiency and reducing emissions in internal combustion engines (ICEs) has become an urgent priority. Unlike conventional TJI systems, this study introduces an air-assisted pre-chamber turbulent jet ignition (APTJI) system, which integrates dual scavenging process achieving by the additional pre-chamber fuel or fuel/air mixture injection to optimize combustion stability under high EGR conditions. The proposed system can effectively reduce residual exhaust gas in the pre-chamber, enhance jet intensity, and accelerate flame propagation, thereby improving ignition reliability and combustion efficiency of the engine. In such situation, this study investigates the potential of APTJI enhancing both combustion and engine performance under conditions of high-EGR rates in gasoline engines, and also the effects of operating strategy and pre-chamber parameters of APTJI are analyzed. The results show that dual scavenging mode (Mode 2) has a positive impact on combustion stability by injecting fresh air first to effectively remove the residual exhaust gas in the pre-chamber. This results in an 8 % reduction in the misfire rate and an 11.3 % improvement in fuel efficiency. Compared to single scavenging mode (Mode 1), the scavenging timing has less influence on engine performance under Mode 2. Moreover, optimizing pre-chamber nozzle diameter is critical for maintaining combustion stability, and a nozzle with a diameter of 4 mm can achieve a maximum EGR rate of 30.7 %, while achieving optimal performance and ultra-low NOx emission of 0.544 g/kWh. Increasing the compression ratio can enhance the Heat Release Rate (HRR), contributing to improved combustion efficiency; however, it is limited by engine knock at low EGR rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 126710"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing R245fa flow boiling heat transfer in a micro/nano-porous surface coating tube with varying particle sizes for low-grade energy utilization","authors":"Shuang Cao ,&nbsp;He Liu ,&nbsp;Jiaju Guo ,&nbsp;Zhi Geng ,&nbsp;Songzhen Tang ,&nbsp;Xuehong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of pore size on heat transfer performance is investigated by preparing a multi-scale micro/nano-structured porous coating on the inner surface of conventional heat exchange tubes using sintering and electroplating method. Comparative experiments were conducted with varying porous coating pore diameters, utilizing R245fa as the working fluid in the stainless-steel tube with an inner diameter of 10 mm. Flow visualization revealed three flow patterns: stratified flow, annular flow, and dry-out, occurring in all experimental tubes with similar distributions. Analysis of operating parameters revealed that mass flux had a limited influence on the heat transfer coefficient, while inlet vapor quality had a significant effect with the heat transfer coefficient first increasing and then decreasing. The porous coating, particularly in the SET-150, exhibited excellent liquid absorption capacity, facilitating liquid film migration from the bottom to the top of the tube during stratified flow and enhancing re-wetting in annular flow. These processes significantly contributed to improved heat transfer performance. The enhancement factor of SET-150 was 1.57 times that of SET-50 and 1.21 times that of SET-100, confirming its superior heat transfer performance. The maximum enhancement factor and performance evaluation criterion were 4.06 and 3.98, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 126700"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}