Applied Thermal Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Flame evolution and plume interaction in diesel spray-wall impingement combustion under Micro-hole and ultra-high injection pressure conditions","authors":"Erwei Liu,&nbsp;Chang Zhai,&nbsp;Hongliang Luo,&nbsp;Qing Wu,&nbsp;Long Liu,&nbsp;Weidi Huang,&nbsp;Yu Jin,&nbsp;Feixiang Chang,&nbsp;Herry Sufyan Hadi,&nbsp;Keiya Nishida,&nbsp;Yoichi Ogata","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.133043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.133043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Combustion deterioration associated with plume-wall and plume-plume interactions under spray-wall impingement conditions is difficult to avoid. Diesel spray-wall impingement combustion characteristics were investigated using a conical annular wall configuration in combination with diffused back-illumination and high-speed color imaging under injection pressures of 100–300 MPa with nozzle diameters of 0.07 and 0.133 mm. Free-spray experiments showed that the 0.07 mm nozzle produced shorter spray penetration and smaller spray volume than the 0.133 mm nozzle. Wall-impingement combustion results revealed that blue premixed flames appeared during the initial combustion stage under all conditions. At 100 MPa, despite avoiding liquid-phase wall impingement, the 0.07 mm nozzle still exhibited strong late-stage soot formation due to its prolonged injection duration, comparable to that of the 0.133 mm nozzle. At 200–300 MPa, blue flames were observed for both nozzles during the derivative of spatially integrated natural luminosity below zero. Owing to enhanced atomization and evaporation, together with weaker plume-plume interactions, the 0.07 mm nozzle maintained blue flames within the interaction region for a longer duration, resulting in the lowest soot-radiation level. In contrast, even at 300 MPa, the 0.133 mm nozzle remained affected by liquid-phase wall impingement and intense adjacent plume interactions, resulting in a denser flame structure and localized highly radiative regions. The flame propagation characteristics indicates that the inner and outer flame-tip lengths asymptotically converge to comparable steady values. The convergence rate is governed by injection pressure, nozzle diameter, and flame development within the wall-impingement region. In addition, flame-bridge breakup can further accelerate flame-tip decay.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 133043"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148953432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling, emission characterization and multi-objective optimization of a confined piston linear generator","authors":"Xichen Li,&nbsp;Binbin Yang,&nbsp;Qian Yang,&nbsp;Xiaochen Hou,&nbsp;Hengqin Xu,&nbsp;Shuai Zhang,&nbsp;Bo Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.133042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.133042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The confined piston linear generator (CPLG) combines the controllability of conventional internal combustion engines (ICEs) with the high energy conversion efficiency (ECE) of free-piston linear generator, making it a promising energy conversion device. In this study, a coupled modeling framework was developed by integrating a dq0-coordinate permanent magnet synchronous linear generator (PMSLG) model in MATLAB/Simulink with an ICE model in GT-Power. Based on this framework, the effects of key operating parameters on emission characteristics were systematically analyzed. A multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm was then applied to identify the optimal operating conditions. After evaluating five regression models, Gaussian process regression (GPR) was selected as the surrogate model. A hybrid weighting method combining the analytic hierarchy process and criteria importance through intercriteria correlation was used to assess the trade-offs among power performance, economy, and emissivity. Compared with the baseline case, the optimized CPLG achieved a 15.4% increase in power, an 8.2% improvement in ECE, and a 34.5% reduction in emission objective value. The GPR surrogate model demonstrated high predictive accuracy, with a maximum prediction error of 3.88%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 133042"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148953858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stirling engine performance enhancement by axial variation of the regenerator matrix structure – Experimental validation","authors":"Sebastian Peveling,&nbsp;Hans-Detlev Kühl","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.132985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.132985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The regenerator is the critical component for achieving high efficiencies in Stirling engines. One promising approach to improve the performance of regenerators and thus that of Stirling engines is the axial variation of the regenerator matrix structure, which was theoretically demonstrated by optimizing the metal felt regenerator of an experimental Stirling engine with a numerical model. This contribution now presents the experimental validation of the performance enhancement by this new regenerator design. A prototype matrix consisting of three sections, with a porosity of 70.5%–76.4%-85.8% and a fiber diameter of 177 μm–126 μm-55 μm viewed from the cold to the hot end, is realized and deployed in the engine. For assessing the thermal performance of the regenerator, a recently presented method for the direct determination of the thermal regenerator loss using high-speed gas temperature measurements is used. The engine is investigated over a wide range of operating points, varying the speed between 200 rpm and 383 rpm, the mean pressure between 20 bar and 38 bar and the heater temperature between 400 °C and 500 °C. Its performance using a regenerator with axial constant properties is compared to that with the optimized prototype. The thermal efficiency of the Stirling engine is increased by 0.88% while maintaining a constant mechanical power at the nominal operating point of the engine. This efficiency gain in the experiment even exceeds that of 0.38% predicted by the model. At operating points with smaller power densities, the experiments confirm the predicted decreasing efficiency gains compared to the nominal operating point. At the lowest power densities, the experimental efficiency is actually decreasing, whereas the numerical model still predicts small efficiency gains. These observations are analyzed and discussed in this contribution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 132985"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148953864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supporter-inserted trapezoidal thermoelectric device with topology-optimized heat sink for internet of things applications","authors":"Younggon Yang,&nbsp;Sungjin Park,&nbsp;Chanil Lee,&nbsp;Jinseong Kim,&nbsp;Sungbin Lee,&nbsp;Junyoung Park,&nbsp;Hyungyu Jin,&nbsp;Woochul Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.133028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.133028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the rise in industrial waste heat resulting from increasing global energy consumption, this study introduces a supporter-inserted trapezoidal thermoelectric device (SITTED) with a modified leg architecture. The SITTED features a trapezoidal leg incorporating a low-thermal-conductivity supporter, which increases the thermal resistance to more than twice that of conventional thermoelectric generators. This architecture delivers a 2.2-fold increase in the temperature difference between the hot and cold sides of the device and approximately doubles the power output relative to traditional designs. While prior research on Internet of Things (IoT)–integrated thermoelectric generators has predominantly focused on conceptual frameworks or small-scale laboratory evaluations, this study bridges the gap between laboratory prototypes and industrial applications through a complete systemization and full-scale field demonstration. The feasibility of the SITTED was verified by conducting a field experiment at a combined-cycle power plant, where the device, integrated with a topology-optimized heat sink that provided a 1.6-fold reduction in thermal resistance, could enable the operation of an IoT temperature sensing system without an external power supply for two weeks. These results underscore the potential of the proposed architecture for self-sustaining thermoelectric applications in industrial environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 133028"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148953885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on the thermoelectric performance of a thermoelectric generator coupled with phase change thermal storage under periodic transient heat sources","authors":"Zilong Zhao,&nbsp;Minghui Ge,&nbsp;Zexuan Li,&nbsp;Zhiwei Xuan,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Yulong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.132974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.132974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) can directly convert thermal energy into electrical energy, exhibiting great application potential. Integrating phase change materials (PCMs) with TEGs can alleviate the performance instability of TEGs caused by heat source fluctuations. In this study, a PCM-TEG experimental system was built, and its thermoelectric performance was investigated under periodic transient heat sources. Under the experimental conditions of 100 W heating power and a 100 min cycle period, the PCM-integrated system reduces the output power fluctuation by 53.0% compared with the TEG system without PCM, although accompanied by a 34.4% reduction in the average output power. As the cycle period increases, the system output power gradually rises, and the average efficiency reaches 1.50% at a cycle period of 140 min. However, the voltage fluctuation amplitude increases with the cycle period, which is unfavorable to the stable operation of TEGs. A higher heating power leads to more heat storage in the heating zone and significantly enhances power generation performance. When the heating power increases from 60 W to 120 W, the average output power and maximum average efficiency are improved by 249.3% and 71.9%, respectively. The heating power is identified as a key factor governing the full utilization of the thermal storage capacity of PCMs in the system. The results of this work can provide guidance for the design and operation of PCM-integrated systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 132974"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148855671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal enhancement of parabolic trough collectors using integrated heat transfer techniques","authors":"Oveepsa Chakraborty,&nbsp;Kankan Kishore Pathak,&nbsp;Biplab Das,&nbsp;Salem Algarni,&nbsp;Talal Alqahtani,&nbsp;Kashif Irshad","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.132962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.132962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This investigation presents a theoretical testing of heat transfer improvement and performance of thermal energy storage in a parabolic trough collector, an important technology in generation of solar thermal power because of their better efficiency. The research explores critical challenges in PTC units, comprising non-uniform distribution of heat and constrained storage efficiency, which limit their overall effectiveness. An altered receiver geometry incorporating optimized fin constructions, hybrid nanofluid flow, and nanoparticle-enhanced phase change materials is proposed. The nanoparticle ratios are systematically employed to balance thermal conductivity, dispersion stability and viscosity. Six geometries are evaluated to determine their influence on exergy and thermal performance. The findings demonstrate notable increments, including up to 30.61% enhancement in temperature at outlet, 15.84% increase in thermal efficiency, and 6.23–12.92% rise in exergy efficiency. Moreover, times for melting and solidification are decreased by 19.63% and 24%, respectively. The results disclose the potential of integrating fins with nanoparticle-enhanced storage designs to improve the functionality of solar thermal units. While the findings are based on idealized conditions, they offer valuable insights into comparative performance trends and optimization techniques for advanced PTC units.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 132962"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148855673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Techno-economic optimization of geothermal-based hybrid heat pump system","authors":"Shihao Dong,&nbsp;Yuelong Yu,&nbsp;Peng Wang,&nbsp;Long Ni,&nbsp;Cheng Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.132927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.132927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal energy supply causes huge carbon emissions, becoming the main obstacle to decarbonization, with geothermal-based hybrid heat pump heating systems being a key solution. This study addressed the economic optimization and heat source matching challenges in systems combining ground-source heat pumps, air-source heat pumps, and electric boilers. Spatiotemporally coupled analytical models for medium-deep boreholes were developed, and a simulation-based evaluation algorithm was established, integrating source-side heat transfer, equipment efficiency, and dynamic load. Recommended borehole depth was determined to be 2900 m based on heat extraction cost analysis. System's energy consumption, efficiency, and carbon reduction benefits, alongside the impact of three-source configurations on incremental net present value, were evaluated. Three-source systems outperform single-source and two-source systems. Heating load characteristics significantly influence the allocation ratios of the secondary and tertiary sources but have minimal effect on the primary source allocation ratio. The most economical heat-source allocation ratio is 0.25:0.38:0.37, corresponding to a design load allocation ratio of 0.25:0.26:0.49 across the three devices. An increase in the discount rate reduces the optimal allocation ratio of the ground-source heat pump. Under the recommended design, the system achieves an annual COP of 2.45. Furthermore, carbon emissions will decrease by 84.7% by 2060, driven by the declining carbon emission factor of power grid.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 132927"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148855648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A machine learning-based framework for working fluid selection and performance prediction in a thermally integrated Carnot battery using group contribution method","authors":"Xiang Lin,&nbsp;Penghui Wang,&nbsp;Jianwei Song,&nbsp;Qianqian Yin,&nbsp;Xiaoxun Zhu,&nbsp;Xiaoxia Gao,&nbsp;Baiyun Qian,&nbsp;Wei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.133003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.133003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The selection of an appropriate working fluid is crucial for optimizing the performance of thermally integrated Carnot battery systems. Traditional methods, limited to pre-defined fluid databases, hinder the discovery of novel high-performance fluids. This study proposes a novel cross-scale framework integrating the Group Contribution Method with an Artificial Neural Network for rapid performance prediction and multi-criteria optimization of working fluids based solely on their molecular structure. Firstly, three group contribution method (GCM) models were systematically evaluated, identifying GCM-QIAO2 as the most accurate for predicting key thermophysical properties. Subsequently, an optimized Back-Propagation Neural Network model was developed, achieving high prediction accuracy for key system performance indicators, with the vast majority of R² values exceeding 0.98, and overall AARD below 1.1%. Sensitivity analysis identified critical temperature as a high-sensitivity parameter. Finally, the framework was applied to screen 70 working fluids. Through entropy weight method considering power-to-power (P2P) efficiency, levelized cost of storage (LCOS), toxicity, flammability, and radiation efficiency. CFH₂CH₂CF₂H was identified as the optimal fluid, achieving a P2P efficiency of 61.78% and an LCOS of 0.3277 $/kWh. This study provides an efficient and accurate tool for designing high-performance working fluids, significantly advancing the development of Carnot battery technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 133003"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148953434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental performance study of a PV/T–air source heat pump coupled system in cold regions","authors":"Xilian Han,&nbsp;Yimeng Hu,&nbsp;Zhanxiang Qiao,&nbsp;Ao Mou,&nbsp;Xu Hong,&nbsp;Yong Tian,&nbsp;Wenqin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.132992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.132992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coupling of photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) technology with an air source heat pump (ASHP) can improve system heating performance and the comprehensive utilization of solar energy. However, the performance of conventional solar-assisted heat pump systems decreases significantly under insufficient solar irradiation, and systematic experimental studies on different coupling operation modes of PV/T and ASHP under heating conditions, as well as their performance differences, remain limited. To investigate the effects of different coupling modes, this study proposes a photovoltaic/thermal-air source heat pump (PV/T-ASHP) system. In this system, thermal coupling between the PV/T module and the evaporator side of the ASHP is achieved in series. Through valve switching and the start-stop control of the axial-flow fan, four operation modes were realized: conventional ASHP mode, photovoltaic-air source heat pump (PV-ASHP) mode with only PV power generation coupled to the ASHP, PV/T-ASHP mode with both PV power generation and PV/T evaporator-side thermal coupling, and photovoltaic/thermal-optimized air source heat pump (PV/T-OASHP) mode with optimized PV/T-assisted operation. Based on the established experimental platform, the thermoelectric performance of the system under different operation modes was comparatively analyzed. The results show that, under experimental conditions with an ambient temperature of −1.70–5.90 °C and a solar irradiance of 48–738 W/m², PV/T operation increased the average power generation of the system by 8.80% compared with conventional PV operation. From the perspective of overall system performance, the average input power of the PV/T-ASHP mode was 4.50% lower than that of the ASHP mode. The comparison of different coupling modes indicates that the PV/T-ASHP mode exhibited the best operating performance, with a system COP of 3.42, which was 18.75%, 2.09%, and 1.79% higher than those of the ASHP, PV/T-OASHP, and PV-ASHP modes, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 132992"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148953855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enthalpy-driven in-situ interfacial reconstruction for enhanced heat transfer across graphene/high-entropy alloy interfaces","authors":"Yinjie Shen,&nbsp;Yunqing Tang,&nbsp;Jia Fu,&nbsp;Liqun Wang,&nbsp;Keyang Chen,&nbsp;Zhaoting Guo,&nbsp;Xiaoliang Liang,&nbsp;Yukui Cai,&nbsp;Zhanqiang Liu,&nbsp;Dongyang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.132963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.132963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-entropy alloys (HEAs) combine excellent mechanical and chemical properties but suffer from intrinsically low thermal conductivity, which severely limits their application in thermal management. Graphene is a promising reinforcement to address this limitation, yet the large interfacial thermal resistance at the Graphene/HEA interface hinders effective heat transfer. Here, we demonstrate an annealing-induced in-situ interfacial reconstruction strategy that significantly enhances interfacial thermal conductance (ITC) in Graphene/FeNiCrCoCu heterostructures. Thermal annealing drives spontaneous segregation and crystallization of Cu at the alloy surface, forming a Cu-enriched contact surface that strengthens phonon coupling and reduces phonon localization at the interface. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the interfacial reconstruction promotes ZA-LA phonon coupling and activates new transmission channels across a broad frequency range, leading to an ITC improvement of ∼30%. Such a simple and effective approach provides new insights into an enthalpy-driven in-situ interfacial reconstruction strategy and offers practical guidance for designing advanced thermal management materials, including high-power electronic device interconnects, thermal interface materials, and lightweight multifunctional composites with enhanced heat dissipation capability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 132963"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148855649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}