Applied Thermal Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Alcohol additives for the enhancement of fire suppression by water mist","authors":"Antonin Robinet,&nbsp;Ilyas Sellami,&nbsp;Khaled Chetehouna,&nbsp;Nicolas Gascoin","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The gradual phase-out of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and other fluorinated compounds from automatic suppression systems and extinguishing foams is increasing the need for an alternative fire suppression method that can match their performance. Water mist, when combined with additives, can serve as a viable alternative. An exhaustive review of the literature highlighted that solvents, and especially alcohols, form a new and intriguing class of additives for the water mist. In the present study, the first seven primary linear alcohols have been tested as water mist additives in various concentrations ranging from 0.6<!--> <!-->% to 20.0<!--> <!-->%. Results showed that most alcohols, methanol excepted, induced lower extinguishing times than pure water. A detailed statistical analysis of the extinguishing times revealed that pentanol and butanol significantly outperform other primary linear alcohols, with superior cooling and the fuel and flame region contributing to their superior performance. Linear regression of the extinguishing times related to the alcohol’s characteristics provided insights into the mechanisms behind the better cooling of pentanol and butanol additives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 126636"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of ejector performance and transcritical CO2 dual-evaporator ejector expansion refrigeration cycle performance","authors":"Mingjing Fan ,&nbsp;Aihua Wu ,&nbsp;Zihang Wang ,&nbsp;Fei Wang ,&nbsp;Wanpeng Zhu ,&nbsp;Xingmin Wang ,&nbsp;Guogeng He","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126852","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126852","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance the efficiency of CO₂ transcritical refrigeration systems, numerous novel CO₂ dual-evaporator ejector expansion refrigeration cycles (DEECs) have been proposed in recent years. However, there are few experimental studies on the performance of the novel CO₂ dual-evaporator cycles in the literature, especially under household air conditioning conditions. This work sequentially built a CO₂ two-phase ejector performance test bench and a modified transcritical CO₂ dual-evaporator ejector expansion refrigeration cycle (MDEEC) test bench. The performance of the CO₂ two-phase ejector under specific conditions, as well as the impact of variations in compressor frequency and electronic Expansion Valve (EXV) pulse number on the thermodynamic behavior of the MDEEC were analyzed. In ejector performance test, as the pressure of the primary flow increases from 8.45 to 9.43 MPa, the entrainment ratio rises accordingly, from 0.183 to 0.334, which is in line with the expected performance. In MDEEC test, an increase in compressor frequency from 40 to 60 Hz results in a rise in power consumption from 0.74 to 1.526 kW. Even though the cooling capacity increases, the coefficient of performance (COP) decreases from 4.02 to 2.915, which remains significantly higher than that of traditional transcritical CO₂ systems, and is somewhat close to the performance of traditional refrigerants under the same working conditions. As the number of EXV pulses increases, the low-temperature evaporation temperature increases correspondingly. However, under multiple factors, the impact of EXV pulse number on both cooling capacity and COP is negligible. Furthermore, the entrainment ratio of the ejector in MDEEC test is closely comparable to the results from CO₂ two-phase ejector performance test, demonstrating its<!--> <!-->robust<!--> <!-->and stable performance. This work can provide reference for the utilization of CO₂ two-phase ejectors and application of MDEEC in the field of household air conditioning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 126852"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural-Accelerated Dynamic modeling of heat pumps","authors":"Shri Balaji Padmanabhan,&nbsp;Mohamed Tahar Mabrouk,&nbsp;Bruno Lacarrière","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to escalating climate challenges and the transition to renewable energy, integrating heat pumps with other energy systems has gained significant attention. Fast and accurate dynamic models for heat pump are essential in predicting its transient thermal behavior and simulating its interactions with other energy systems, and effectively controlling and optimizing its performance in real time. Among the heat pump’s components, heat exchangers involve complex heat transfer phenomenon and contributes to majority of the dynamics of the heat pump. Among the common numerical approaches used in the dynamic modeling of heat exchangers, the finite-volume method is well-recognized for its robustness and high accuracy. However, it is often outpaced in terms of computational efficiency compared to other methods. This paper introduces novel Neural-Accelerated Dynamic (NAD) models for heat pump’s heat exchangers, integrating the strengths of numerical modeling and machine learning. The NAD model’s architecture comprises of simplified heat exchanger model and a deep neural network, which are dynamically strongly coupled, achieving a computationally efficient model while maintaining high precision. Furthermore, in validation, the NAD models demonstrated excellent computational performance, achieving an average error below 0.4% and operating on average 271 times faster than the state-of-the-art finite-volume model. This highlights the capability of the NAD model to rapidly and precisely approximate complex heat transfer interactions in heat exchangers of the heat pump, making it particularly suitable for model control applications, optimization tasks, and long-duration simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 126653"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical and numerical studies on effect of silica gel bed thickness for atmospheric water harvesting application","authors":"Shaik Raheem,&nbsp;Sourav Mitra","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid desiccant based atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) systems provide a sustainable method to mitigate water scarcity by extracting potable water from ambient air. This paper investigates the influence of adsorber bed thickness on water production through 2-dimensional CFD study with silica gel as adsorbent. Domains with fixed width of 500 mm and varying bed thicknesses of 50, 150, and 300 mm are analyzed. Results indicate that the bed with 50 mm thickness achieved the highest specific water production (SWP) of 0.25 L/kg, compared to 0.072 L/kg and 0.04 L/kg for thicknesses of 150 and 300 mm, respectively for equal adsorption/desorption time period of 8 hrs. A theoretical lumped analysis is also carried out to deduce a mathematical expression for moisture penetration depth during adsorption/desorption processes. Theoretical results predict a penetration depth of 70 mm for adsorption and 160 mm for desorption. This provides a bed sizing criterion for maximizing SWP. Furthermore, the effects of increasing the adsorption to desorption time ratio (<em>t_ads/t_des</em>) and airflow reversal during desorption are also examined through CFD simulations. Using the combination of these techniques, enhancement in SWP ranging from 15 % to 148 % can be obtained depending on the adsorbent thickness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 126839"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective optimization of parallel flow immersion cooling battery thermal management system with flow guide plates based on artificial neural network","authors":"Zhiguo Tang,&nbsp;Xinghao Li,&nbsp;Yan Li,&nbsp;Jianping Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to ensure the safe and stable operation of a lithium-ion battery energy-storage system within an appropriate temperature range, it is essential to design a battery thermal management system. A novel parallel-flow immersion-cooling battery thermal management system with flow guide plates is proposed, and the physical and computational models of the battery thermal management system are established. It is found that compared with a battery thermal management system without flow guide plates, a battery thermal management system with flow guide plates can significantly reduce the maximum temperature and maximum temperature difference of the battery. Moreover, as the ring width between the flow guide plate and the battery decreases, the number of the flow guide plates or the inlet velocity of the coolant increases and both the maximum temperature and maximum temperature difference of the battery decrease. However, as the height of the single flow guide plate or spacing of the flow guide plates increases, both the maximum temperature and maximum temperature difference of the battery show a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. Also, an artificial neural network model is adopted to perform multi-objective optimization on these structural and flow parameters, and the optimal structure is determined. Compared with conventional series-flow immersion-cooling battery thermal management system, under laminar-flow conditions, the flow pressure drop of the optimized series-flow immersion-cooling battery thermal management system increases slightly, while the maximum temperature and maximum temperature difference of the battery decrease, respectively, which is superior to the thermal management indices of immersion-cooling battery thermal management systems reported in existing literature. This provides a feasible solution for thermal management of energy-storage batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 126833"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambient temperature field and energy consumption analysis of air channel construction ventilation in high-geotemperature tunnels","authors":"Lintao Fan ,&nbsp;Weiling Ma ,&nbsp;Liangliang Tao ,&nbsp;Yanping Yuan ,&nbsp;Yanhua Zeng ,&nbsp;Hang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air channel construction ventilation (ACCV) provides an effective solution for extra-large air flow rate supply in tunnels with high-geotemperatures, thereby facilitating the simultaneous excavation of multiple working faces in inclined shafts. To investigate the distribution and development law of temperature fields in ACCV and analyze the system’s energy consumption, this study proposes a Coupled Convective-Conductive Heat Transfer Model (CCM) for calculating the temperature field, and the model’s reliability is validated through field tests. Using the CCM model, this study analyzes the impact of various air flow rates, inlet air temperatures, and partition thermal conductivity on the temperature field and energy consumption in ACCV. The findings are as follows: The temperature in the air channel shows a linear upward trend under different air flow rates, yet the heating rate decelerates as the air flow rate increases. Considering the ambient temperature of the inclined shaft, the air flow rate in air channel of tunnel should not be less than 100 m3/s, regardless of the required air flow rate for the working face. When the air flow rate is between 200 and 500 m3/s, the outlet air temperature decreases by roughly 0.2 °C for every 50 m3/s increase in air flow rate if the inlet air temperature drops by 5 °C. Partition thermal conductivity should be below 0.21 W/m/K to ensure effective insulation. As the inlet air temperature rises, the air flow rate’s impact on cooling power growth strengthens. Conversely, as the air flow rate declines, the inlet air temperature’s influence on cooling power growth weakens. Calculated with COP = 5.0, using insulated partitions can reduce energy consumption by 8,760,000 kW·h annually and decrease carbon emissions by 7,884 t/year.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 126844"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy, exergy, economic, and environmental (4E) analysis of gas turbine performance enhancement through inlet fogging across different climate zones","authors":"Naser Koosha ,&nbsp;Mohammad Njafi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Shah Nazari ,&nbsp;Gholam Reza Salehi","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Generally, gas turbines have been sensitive to ambient conditions, mainly temperature and relative humidity, which alter their efficiency, power output, fuel consumption, and environmental emissions. The present study performs a detailed energy, exergy, economic, and environmental (4E) analysis of the effect that an inlet fogging system will have on a gas turbine operating in three different climate zones: Shiraz (hot and dry), Ghazvin (cold and dry), and Neka (moderate and humid). The results demonstrate that the fogging system increases power output relative to the climatic zone. The most significant increase of up to 4.5 % was observed in Shiraz (hot &amp; dry), then Neka (moderate &amp; humid), where the increase was 3.6 %, and Ghazvin (cold &amp; dry), where the power output increased by 2.7 %. The thermal efficiency also improved by 2.3 % points in Shiraz, 1.9 points in Neka, and 1.5 points in Ghazvin. From the exergetic analysis, it was concluded that exergetic efficiency improved by 12.3 % in Shiraz, 9.8 % in Neka, and 7.2 % in Ghazvin, all from the contribution of the fogging system, particularly through a reduction of exergetic destruction across the compressor and turbine. Economically, the fogging system had large fuel cost savings ranging up to $2.1 million in Shiraz, $1.4 million in Neka, and $0.85 million in Ghazvin, where ROI was 158 % in Shiraz, 102 % in Neka, and 72 % in Ghazvin. In addition, the payback period was quickest with 0.9 years in Shiraz, 1.2 years in Neka, and 1.6 years in Ghazvin. Environmentally, the fogging system had a CO₂ reduction of ∼ 61,875 metric tons/year in Shiraz, ∼43,200 metric tons/year in Neka, and ∼ 18,900 metric tons/year in Ghazvin, while water usage was achieved within sustainable levels in all three locations. These results conclude that fogging is most effective in hot and dry climates, with substantial gains in efficiency, power output, and sustainability, while in humid and cold climates, its economic and environmental viability remains moderate. The study gives critical insights into the optimization of turbine performance under varying climatic conditions for both power plant operators and policymakers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 126828"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation on Characteristic and performance of biomass gasification in a Two-Stage gasifier","authors":"Lemthong Chanphavong ,&nbsp;Jiaye Zhang ,&nbsp;Andrei Veksha ,&nbsp;Grzegorz Lisak","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on a numerical investigation of biomass gasification in an air-blown two-stage gasifier using CFD simulation. The main purpose of this study is to optimize the aspect ratio (diameter-to-height) of the two-stage gasifier. Additionally, the effects of position and varying the secondary air stage ratio with equivalence ratios on the two-stage gasification characteristics and performance were investigated. The numerical result was validated with experimental data. Variation in the aspect ratios resulted in significant changes in thermal dissipation within the reactor, attributed to radial heat transfer behaviors and, consequently, gas compositions. The optimal aspect ratio ranged from 0.25 to 0.46 with the maximum calorific value of the produced gas reaching 3.84 MJ/Nm³ at an aspect ratio of 0.35 and the maximum cold gas efficiency at 44.45 %. The optimum secondary air-stage ratio for the current gasification configuration was 0.80, while the optimum equivalence ratio range was 0.20 – 0.30. The maximum calorific value of the produced gas reaching 3.58 MJ/Nm³ at an air ratio of 0.8 and the maximum cold gas efficiency at 46.42 %. The position of the secondary air stage should be nearby the main oxidation zone. Overall, the H₂/CO ratios of the produced gas were higher than one, indicating high potential for various downstream utilizations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 126826"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"All-day Joule-heat assisted photothermal interfacial water evaporation system with porous network hydrogel","authors":"Bianfeng Yang ,&nbsp;Cong Wang ,&nbsp;Xu Ji ,&nbsp;Junneng Nie ,&nbsp;Junyao Mao ,&nbsp;Yue Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SDIE) technology with green and sustainable characteristics is considered an effective solution to the global freshwater crisis. This paper proposes an all-day Joule-heat assisted photothermal interfacial water evaporation system with a porous network hydrogel (PPC@TCN). The system effectively integrates the advantages of Joule-heat and photothermal energy conversion, enabling PPC@TCN to achieve continuous interfacial water evaporation throughout the day and night. PPC@TCN employs polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinylimine (PP) as the hydrogel matrix, introducing carbon black (CB) and Ti₃C₂(OH)₂/porous g-C₃N₄ (TCN) as light-absorbing agents. The light-absorbing agents enable PPC@TCN to achieve an evaporation rate of 3.40 kg/(m²∙h) under 1 sun irradiation, which is 6.5 times higher than that of PP. Under the driving conditions of 1 sun irradiation synergized with 5 V voltage, the evaporation rate of PPC@TCN is further enhanced to 11.89 kg/(m²∙h). After the application of PPC@TCN in the system, the evaporation rate remains stable between 9.0 − 11.72 kg/(m²∙h) under the combined drive of 0.45 − 0.97 kW/m² solar irradiance and 5 V voltage (daytime). Even under independent 5 V voltage (nighttime), the evaporation rate of PPC@TCN still reaches 7.27 − 7.90 kg/(m²∙h). And the daily freshwater collection of the system can achieve 80.53 − 86.50 kg/m², while the thermal utilization efficiency reaches 87.37 %−91.78 %. Furthermore, the surface of PPC@TCN revealed no significant salt crystallization after continuous operation for 7 days outdoors and the evaporation rate displayed hardly any reduction. This indicates that PPC@TCN has excellent salt resistance and stability. Therefore, the investigation in this paper offers an effective pathway to achieve continuous operation and practical application of SDIE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 126837"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the performance of active-passive combined thermal control for external thermal protection structure of hypersonic aircraft","authors":"Zhiqian Ke,&nbsp;Lin Wang,&nbsp;Shibin Li,&nbsp;Rui Ma,&nbsp;Bing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-speed aircraft encounter severe aerodynamic heating problems during flight, and their material and structural design are facing great challenges. Effective temperature control of load-bearing structures is crucial to their reliability. In this paper, a new combined thermal protection design scheme is proposed based on the characteristics of active and passive thermal protection. Its thermal control performance is analyzed, and the effects of structural geometric parameters (thickness, pipe shape and number) and the flow direction of the coolant on thermal protection performance are investigated through numerical simulations. The dimensions of the hybrid thermal protection structure are also optimized. The temperature dependence of the material properties are taken into consideration throughout these studies. The results show that when the inlet velocity of the coolant is 0.1 m/s, the structure can ensure that the temperatures of all material remain within the allowable range at steady state with a minimum thickness of 12 mm. With the combined effect of insulation material and convective cooling, the active–passive combined thermal protection structure achieves ideal effect with a relatively small coolant flow rate and thickness, effectively overcoming the limitations of single thermal protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 126835"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}