Applied Thermal Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Effect of surface temperature on splashing of droplets impacting on a cold superhydrophobic surface","authors":"Yuheng Shang ,&nbsp;Matic Može ,&nbsp;Sylvie Castagne ,&nbsp;David Seveno ,&nbsp;Iztok Golobič ,&nbsp;Maria Rosaria Vetrano","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Droplet splashing on a solid surface is ubiquitous in many industrial applications. While previous studies mainly focus on the effect of viscosity or surface tension by employing different liquids, the combined effect of viscosity and surface tension induced by lowering surface temperature is still unclear. In this paper, the effect of surface temperature (from −9.8 °C to −35.3 °C) on prompt splashing and receding breakup of a water droplet impacting a superhydrophobic aluminum surface has been experimentally investigated at various Weber numbers. The droplet spreads smoothly for all surface temperatures in the relatively low Weber range (<span><math><mo>&lt;</mo></math></span>100). In the intermediate Weber range (100–150), the critical Weber number for the formation of receding breakup increases with decreasing surface temperature. The droplet splashes regardless of the surface temperature value in the relatively high Weber range (<span><math><mo>&gt;</mo></math></span>150). Compared with prompt splashing, the influence of surface temperature on receding breakup is more significant because the time for receding breakup is about 4 times longer than that for prompt splashing. The prompt splashing in the high-<span><math><mrow><mi>W</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span> region and the receding breakup in the medium-<span><math><mrow><mi>W</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span> region were studied qualitatively based on the unbalanced forces acting on the lamella of the spreading or receding liquid layer. A regime map described by the dimensionless temperature and capillary number is proposed to reveal the conditions under which a specific dynamic behavior dominates. Finally, empirical correlations linking droplet spreading/receding breakup threshold and droplet receding breakup/prompt splashing threshold are proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 126351"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-driven evaluation and prediction of the gas-fired boiler performance under the impact of fine desulphurization gas","authors":"Chang Zhao ,&nbsp;Jianli Cheng ,&nbsp;Weiliang Yang ,&nbsp;Siyang Lei ,&nbsp;Hao Sun ,&nbsp;Xin Guo ,&nbsp;Huinan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fine desulfurization gas (FDG), as the waste gas produced during the regeneration of desulfurization agents in coke oven gas desulfurization systems, can be blended with blast furnace gas and fed into gas-fired boilers for consumption. However, the impact of FDG incorporation on the boiler performance is still not clear to date. In this work, by examining the fuel and gas samples after FDG incorporation, the concentration of containments such as H₂S and CS₂ can be observed significantly to increase during the hot blow stage. Using the mutual information method, it can be found that the boiler efficiency and the SO₂ emission are closely related to FDG. With increasing FDG temperature and flow rate, there is a certain linear improvement in the boiler efficiency, but accompanied by a significant increase in the SO₂ concentration. To overcome this issue, prediction models for SO₂ concentration were comparatively developed based on the light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) algorithm and the long-short term memory network, respectively. The results show that the LightGBM model combined with the auto-regression features can achieve an accurate prediction of the SO₂ concentration after FDG incorporation, with a root-mean-squared error of only 0.09 mg/m³. The current work not only provides reliable evidence for the changes in gas-fired boiler performance after the incorporation of gases containing multiple containments, but also offers a new orientation for the efficient utilization of waste gases in the relevant industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 126459"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing hybrid air-conditioning and humidification-dehumidification desalination with photovoltaic-thermal panels: A semi-empirical analysis of innovative heat sink integration","authors":"Abdel-Halim Saber Salem Said ,&nbsp;Anas Ahmed ,&nbsp;H.F. Elattar ,&nbsp;A. Fouda","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmentally friendly and energy-efficient solutions for urban and industrial applications can be achieved by designing a hybrid system for energy generation, air-conditioning, and water desalination. This study examines the integration of photovoltaic-thermal panels with hybrid air-conditioning and humidification-dehumidification desalination systems. Cooling the photovoltaic-thermal panels enhances electrical efficiency, system productivity, and overall performance, improving energy use for sustainable water and energy solutions. A semi-empirical approach is used, combining experimental studies and theoretical modeling with Engineering Equation Solver software. The study investigates key parameters, including solar intensity, photovoltaic-thermal panel area, five heat sink designs, cooling air velocity, overall efficiency, and power temperature coefficient, assessing their impact on system productivity and performance. Comparative and cost-benefit analyses are conducted between the enhanced and basic systems, considering energy and cost savings. Results indicate that integrating photovoltaic-thermal panels with tilted square perforated plate with square pin fins into the hybrid system significantly enhances productivity and thermal performance. Under peak solar intensity, the system achieves a maximum freshwater production of 195 kg/h, a cooling capacity of 135 kW, a supply air temperature of 13.6 °C, 90 % relative humidity, and a coefficient of performance of 11.3. The highest electrical efficiency attained is 19 %. The cost-benefit analysis shows maximum monthly energy savings of 7,200 kWh and financial savings of 800 $ compared to the basic system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 126438"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and optimization of heat pipe-assisted liquid cooling structure for power battery thermal management based on NSGA-II and entropy Weight-TOPSIS method","authors":"Han Yang ,&nbsp;Ninghao Liu ,&nbsp;Maomeng Li ,&nbsp;Mengjie Gu ,&nbsp;Qiang Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The thermal management performance of Battery Thermal Management Systems (BTMS) is critical for the operational efficiency and lifespan of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Excessive temperature or excessive temperature differences within the battery pack can significantly affect both performance and longevity. To address the issue of excessive temperature differences caused by the installation of a single liquid cooling plate at the bottom, this study proposes a hybrid cooling structure combining heat pipes and liquid cooling plates. Through numerical simulations, the impact of coolant volume concentration and mass flow rate on BTMS cooling performance was analyzed. The results indicate that, compared to traditional single liquid cooling plates, the heat pipe-liquid cooling BTMS offers significant advantages in cooling performance. To further enhance the cooling efficiency of the BTMS, a single-factor analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of flow channel width (<em>A</em>), flow channel depth (<em>B</em>), liquid cooling plate wall thickness (<em>C</em>), and corner radius of the turn region (<em>D</em>) on the cooling performance of the battery pack. Subsequently, orthogonal experiments were performed to identify three structural factors with the greatest impact on the cooling performance of the liquid cooling plate, which were then selected as optimization design variables. A Kriging surrogate model was established between the design variables and objective functions (maximum temperature of the battery pack and flow channel pressure drop), and the NSGA-II genetic algorithm was employed to optimize the structural factors of the liquid cooling plate. To eliminate potential subjective bias in selecting the optimal solution, the entropy weight-TOPSIS method was introduced for the selection process. Simulation results demonstrate that, compared to the initial BTMS, the optimized BTMS reduces the maximum temperature, temperature difference, and flow channel pressure drop of the battery pack by 2.29%, 6.02%, and 79.62%, respectively. The optimized BTMS significantly improves the operational performance of the battery pack while achieving exceptional cooling effects under low power consumption. The results of this study provide valuable theoretical and practical insights for the design and optimization of the Heat pipe liquid-phase hybrid cooling structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 126416"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic analysis of air-based photovoltaic–thermal system with fins and rectangular obstacles","authors":"Hwi-Ung Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air-based Photovoltaic–Thermal (PVT) systems convert solar energy into heated air and electricity. However, their thermal efficiency is relatively low due to the poor thermal conductivity of air. In this study, the daily and annual performance of a novel air-based PVT system with Fins and Rectangular Obstacles (PVTFRO) was evaluated and compared with that of a PVT system featuring Smooth Fins (PVTSF). A dynamic model of the PVTFRO was developed using the finite-volume method and validated based on experimental data. Numerical results show that the PVTFRO achieved 18.74% and 1.22% higher total thermal and electrical outputs, respectively, than the PVTSF during daily operation. The annual total thermal and electrical outputs of the PVTFRO were also 21.23% and 0.72% higher than those of the PVTSF. Additionally, the net electrical output, which considers fan power consumption, was higher for the PVTFRO than for the PVTSF during both daily and annual operations. Therefore, incorporating rectangular obstacles into a smooth finned air channel enhances the performance of an air-based PVT system, despite the resulting increase in fan power consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 126412"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher performance solar air dryer functioned with palmitic acid phase change material and hybrid nanofluid: Thermal performance evaluation","authors":"Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar ,&nbsp;Rishabh Chaturvedi ,&nbsp;Abhishek Kumar Tripathi ,&nbsp;Vinayagam Mohanavel ,&nbsp;Kajuluri Veerababu ,&nbsp;Mamata Chahar ,&nbsp;R. Venkatesh ,&nbsp;M. Ravichandran ,&nbsp;Majed A. Alotaibi","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The significance of solar renewable energy is familiar for air dryer applications, and solar-operated air dryer is found to have uneven temperature distribution, lack of heat transfer rate, and variation in dryer performance due to climate conditions and thermal loss. This research overcomes the disputes and enriches the functional behaviour/dryer performance of solar air dryers featuring flat plate collectors, which are operated by using graphene: alumina hybrid nanofluid as the ratios of 1:3 and fatty acids (palmitic acid) phase change material. During the investigation, the hybrid nanofluid maintained a 7 L/min flow rate with different concentrations (0.5, 1, and 1.5 percentages in volume). Influences of hybrid nanofluid concentration along with phase change material on functional properties of solar dryer featured with flat plate solar collector setup are investigated, and its outcome results are related to ethylene glycol/ palmitic acid phase change material operated solar dryer system. The excellence of hybrid nanofluid with 1.5 vol% concentration and phase change material influences superior thermal and dryer performance like better thermal conductivity (0.75 W/mK), improved heat transfer rate property (345.5 W), reduced heat loss (58.7 W), improved thermal/exergy efficiency (62.5 %/20.7 %), and improved dryer efficiency of 46.8 %, which are superior to solar dryer operated with ethylene glycol/ palmitic acid phase change material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 126413"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal performance of heat storage-enhanced PCM energy pipe pile with heat conduction fin","authors":"Changqing Xia ,&nbsp;Guancong Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaohua Bao ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Shi ,&nbsp;Hongzhi Cui ,&nbsp;Xiangsheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving heat transfer efficiency while maintaining operational safety is crucial for energy piles. This study proposes a novel energy pipe pile (EPP) enhanced with phase change material (PCM), integrating metal fins and spiral heat exchange pipes to optimize the PCM performance further. Laboratory-scale experiments were systematically conducted to evaluate the proposed EPP’s heat transfer performance and thermal response. Additionally, numerical simulations were conducted for three pipe configurations to investigate their effects on heat transfer efficiency, temperature distribution along the pile shaft, and PCM utilization under continuous and intermittent operational conditions. Comparative analyses considering thermal storage enhancement, inlet temperature variations, and soil saturation demonstrated a 7.84% improvement in heat exchange capacity compared with the ordinary designs. The integration of PCM and metal fins altered internal thermal pathways, significantly reducing temperature fluctuations and thermal stress variations within the pile. Numerical results indicated PCM utilization efficiencies of 49.06%, 22.2%, and 56.33% for the 5U in series (5US), 5U in parallel (5UP), and spiral configurations, respectively. In terms of temperature uniformity, the 5US configuration exhibited the largest deviation (86%) between the local minimum and average cross-sectional temperatures. In contrast, the spiral and 5UP configurations exhibited substantially lower deviations of 26.64% and 22.51%, respectively. The spiral-type configuration demonstrated superior heat transfer performance, optimal PCM utilization, and superior temperature uniformity. Therefore, integrating PCM with metal fins offers a promising approach for enhancing energy piles’ thermal performance and operational reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 126407"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance analyses of a novel compressed air energy storage system integrated with a biomass combined heat and power plant for the multi-generation purpose","authors":"Xiaojun Xue ,&nbsp;Wangyang Shi ,&nbsp;Lixing Zheng ,&nbsp;Jiahui Wang ,&nbsp;Gang Xu ,&nbsp;Xiao Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, with the rapid development of new energy sources bringing great pressure on the safe and stable operation of power grids, energy storage technology has received more and more attention. Among them, the compressed air energy storage (CAES) system is considered a promising energy storage technology due to its ability to store large amounts of electric energy and small investments. This paper proposes a multi-generation system based on a CAES system and a biomass combined heat and power (biomass CHP) system to enhance the capacity to provide electricity and heat. For heating seasons, in the energy storage process, the compressed heat is mainly used to improve the warmth supply, while for non-heating seasons, the compressed heat is all absorbed by the biomass CHP system to improve the power supply. Besides, in the energy release process of any season, the compressed air at the inlet of the expander in the CAES system is heated by the high-temperature feedwater of the biomass CHP system to improve the energy output of the CAES system. The integrated system is simulated, and the system performance is evaluated from the perspectives of energy, exergy, and economy. The analysis results show that the round-trip efficiencies of the CAES subsystem are 75.78 % and 73.19 % for the heating and non-heating seasons, respectively; the exergy efficiencies are 78.68 % and 76.71 %, respectively; dynamic payback period is 4.45 year, and net present value can reach 2182.87 k$. Compared to the non-heating season, the system efficiency is higher in the heating season since the higher-quality extracted steam replaced by the compression heat can generate more electricity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 126403"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-objective and multi-objective optimization of the thermally integrated-pumped thermal energy storage system based on the novel optimization method coupling the orthogonal design and intelligent algorithm","authors":"Chengwu Yang,&nbsp;Xiaoxia Xia,&nbsp;Chuansheng Sun,&nbsp;Bo Peng,&nbsp;Jinhao Wu,&nbsp;Zhiqi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The thermally integrated-pumped thermal energy storage system provides a promising solution to low-grade thermal energy utilization and efficient energy storage. In order to improve the system performance, a novel optimization method coupling the orthogonal design and intelligent algorithm is constructed. Performance optimization is conducted in two steps. The first-step optimization is performed by the orthogonal design. The influence law and contribution rates of the operation parameters, as well as the orthogonal optimal operation conditions under different objective preferences and comprehensive performance are obtained. The parameter contribution rate obtained by the orthogonal design is taken as the selection principle of the parameters for further optimization. The second-step optimization is conducted by the intelligent algorithm. The optimal operation conditions of the intelligent algorithm under different objective preferences and comprehensive performance are determined. The results indicated that the optimal round-trip efficiency, exergy efficiency and levelized cost of storage under different objective preferences obtained by the novel coupled optimization method are 89.93 %, 36.9 % and 0.3 $/kWh, respectively. The optimal round-trip efficiency, exergy efficiency and levelized cost of storage under comprehensive performance are 71.92 %, 29.01 % and 0.36 $/kWh, respectively. The novel coupled optimization method provides an effective solution to improve system performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 126404"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electro-thermal coupling modeling and thermal characterization of sodium-ion batteries","authors":"Jiangyun Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongni Huang ,&nbsp;Chengshan Xu ,&nbsp;Ruli Zhang ,&nbsp;Shaw Kang Wong ,&nbsp;Yan Hong ,&nbsp;Guoqing Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuning Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sodium-ion batteries have garnered increasing attention in the field of large-scale energy storage due to their low cost, abundant resources, and wide operating temperature range. This study investigates the thermal characteristics and management of sodium-ion batteries. However, compared to lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries exhibit higher internal resistance, leading to significant heat generation, particularly at high discharge rates, which presents challenges for safe and efficient operation. In this study, experimental testing and modeling methods are used to explore the effects of internal resistance, specific heat capacity, and thermal conductivity on battery heat generation. A liquid-cooled thermal management system combining aluminum plates and liquid-cooled plates was also developed. The results indicate that the battery temperature is influenced by both the charge and discharge rates, with lower temperatures improving thermal performance. The introduction of aluminum plates and optimization of the liquid flow rate (0.5 m/s) effectively reduced the maximum temperature by 17 ℃, compared to no thermal management system (62 ℃). This study emphasizes the critical importance of temperature management in maintaining battery performance and safety. Its novelty lies in revealing the heat generation patterns of sodium-ion batteries and using a combination of liquid cooling and aluminum plates to provide superior cooling performance at high discharge rates, while optimizing the thermal management strategy to balance cooling efficiency and energy consumption. This work lays the foundation for the development of thermal management designs for sodium-ion batteries and provides an effective approach to optimizing cooling systems for high-power applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 126439"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}