Applied Thermal Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Thermo-economic analysis of a wire-mesh integrated photovoltaic thermal collector","authors":"Nitesh Singh,&nbsp;Prabhakar Jha","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.133467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.133467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study experimentally compared a flat-plate photovoltaic-thermal air collector with and without a double-crimped galvanized iron wire mesh. Both units were tested together for eight days under identical outdoor conditions in Noida, India at an optimized airflow rate of 0.0165 kg/s. The hourly and daily means, along with standard deviations and 95% confidence intervals, were calculated; statistical significance tests were carried out; and a sensitivity analysis was performed to confirm the robustness of the mesh-integrated PVT system over the conventional PVT system. The mesh-integrated system maintained a 2.5 °C lower mean PV module temperature and a 2.1 °C higher mean outlet air temperature than the conventional unit. On an annual basis, the mesh-integrated system generated 43.2% higher mean thermal energy, 74.2% higher mean thermal exergy, and 1.9% higher mean net electrical energy than the conventional unit. Overall annual energy and exergy outputs rose by 19.25% and 3.15%, respectively. Despite a 2.5% increase in embodied energy, the mesh-integrated system required 14.18% and 0.58% less time on an overall energy and exergy basis to recover the invested energy. Over a 25-year lifespan, it mitigated 19.21% more CO₂ on an overall energy basis and 3.16% more on an overall exergy basis, yielding higher carbon-credit potential. Therefore, with better energy- and enviro-economic parameters, the mesh-integrated system has enhanced techno-economic and environmental viability over the conventional unit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 133467"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149156571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical analysis of localized fin cooling for thermal, power and emissions improvements of UAV Wankel rotary engines","authors":"Changwei Ji,&nbsp;Zikai Ren,&nbsp;Yutao Deng,&nbsp;Yanfei Qiang,&nbsp;Jinxin Yang,&nbsp;Shuofeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.133385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.133385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wankel rotary engines (WREs) have become an important research focus for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) propulsion systems owing to their exceptional power-to-weight ratio. However, combustion heat release and complex heat transfer result in persistently high thermal loads in local regions, seriously impairing engine reliability and performance. This study employs a 1D<img>3D coupled simulation approach. First, enhanced cooling fins are introduced to optimize the cooling water jacket structure of the WRE. Subsequently, based on the optimized structure, the effects of fin configurations on WRE performance and emission characteristics are investigated at various engine speeds. At 3000 r/min, rectangular straight fins exhibit significant cooling enhancement: the average temperature of the cylinder wall decreases by 23 K, while the in-cylinder mean pressure and heat release rate increase by 3.8% and 4.5%, respectively. By lowering the in-cylinder mixture temperature, rectangular straight fins suppress NOₓ formation, reducing NOₓ concentration by 5.11%. Analysis under variable-speed conditions reveals that the optimization benefits of rectangular straight fins on WRE performance and emissions are maintained across the entire speed range, with the most pronounced improvement observed at 4000 r/min. The rectangular straight fin structure effectively improves the thermal load distribution on the cylinder wall, reducing the average cylinder wall temperature and maximum temperature difference by 5.7% and 15.8%, respectively. In addition, it increases the indicated power of the engine by 4.01% and reduces NOₓ and CO emissions by 5.90% and 6.80%, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 133385"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149156561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on the performance of a new kind of photovoltaic thermal air collector based on flat micro heat pipe array and phase change material","authors":"Wenhang He,&nbsp;Yanhua Diao,&nbsp;Xinran Wang,&nbsp;Yaohua Zhao,&nbsp;Chunjia Ma,&nbsp;Sirui Yu,&nbsp;Xinyu Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.133391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.133391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Against the backdrop of the global energy structure transformation and the rapid development of renewable energy technologies, solar photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) systems are attracting increasing attention due to their dual advantages of simultaneously generating electric and thermal energy. This paper designs an PV/T air collector based on flat micro heat pipe array (FMHPA). The proposed PV/T air collector employs an FMHPA as its core heat transfer component, achieving highly efficient coupling of the thermal collection section, thermal storage section, and thermal extraction section. With air as the heat extraction working medium and lauric acid (LA) selected as the phase change material (PCM) for thermal storage, this design aims to enhance the thermal and electrical performance of the PV/T air collector, improve the surface temperature uniformity of the PV panels, and achieve efficient storage and utilization of thermal energy. A detailed study is conducted on the performance of the PV/T air collector under different seasons, different operation modes, and with or without glass cover plates. Results show that the presence or absence of the glass cover plate substantially influences the thermal and electrical performance of the device. When the glass cover plate is configured, the device demonstrates a high thermal efficiency. In separate thermal storage mode (STSM), thermal efficiencies of 64.4%, 64.0%, and 60.2% were achieved in summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. However, due to the insulation effect of the glass cover plate and its reduction of solar irradiance, compared with the independent PV panel, the electrical efficiency generally decreases under different conditions. For the simultaneous thermal storage and release mode (STSRM) under summer operating conditions, the reduction in electrical efficiency was determined to be 22.5%. In the case without a glass cover plate, the electrical efficiency of the proposed collector under various operating conditions is higher than that of the standalone PV panel, corresponding to a relative efficiency enhancement of 4.8%–12.0%. However, due to the increase in thermal dissipation, the thermal efficiency decreases considerably compared with when the glass cover plate is present.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 133391"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149156562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Intake pre-injection diesel strategy to enhance the combustion and reduce emissions in an ammonia-diesel dual-fuel (ADDF) engine ignited by pilot fuel: Effects of pilot fuel injection and ammonia energy ratio” [Volume 302, Part 2 (August 2026) 131733]","authors":"Guangyuan Li,&nbsp;Run Chen,&nbsp;Xinran Wang,&nbsp;Tie Li,&nbsp;Kexiong Zheng,&nbsp;Shaoling Liu,&nbsp;Yanzhao Liu,&nbsp;Xiaodong Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.132960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.132960","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 132960"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149142385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental evaluation of thermal performance of a roll-bond façade-integrated PVT system","authors":"Ahmed Mouissi,&nbsp;Eleonora Baccega,&nbsp;Silvia Cesari,&nbsp;Michele Bottarelli","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.131515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.131515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study experimentally investigates the thermo-electrical performance of a façade-integrated photovoltaic–thermal (PVT) system with adjustable cavity depth under real operating conditions. The system, developed within the ALLIANCE project, combines a water-cooled PVT collector with a ventilated façade, allowing variation of cavity depth (6–19 cm), ventilation mode, and hydraulic flow rate. A long-term monitoring campaign, starting from November 2024, was conducted to measure solar irradiance, ambient conditions, electrical output, and thermal power. The results reveal that thermal management plays a dominant role in system performance. Activation of the hydraulic circuit reduces panel temperatures by approximately 15–20 °C and significantly improves thermal stability. The combined effect of water circulation and fins enhances heat extraction and promotes a more uniform temperature distribution, while fins alone show limited effectiveness under no-flow conditions. A strong linear correlation between daily solar energy and useful energy output is observed, enabling the definition of effective daily efficiency. PV-only operation yields efficiencies of 11–15%, while total efficiencies increase up to 55% in winter and 45–54% in summer under optimized flow conditions. Seasonal analysis highlights distinct operating regimes: in winter, closed cavity configurations improve heat retention for thermal use, whereas in summer, open configurations enhance convective cooling and limit overheating. The influence of cavity depth on energy performance remains negligible (±5%), indicating that hydraulic and thermal management parameters dominate system behavior. Overall, the study demonstrates that adaptive operation, combining active cooling and seasonal cavity control, is essential for maximizing the performance of façade-integrated PVT systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 131515"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149142317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of packing density on sorption in a calcium chloride-ENG composite-Ammonia bed","authors":"Kristian T. Lockyear,&nbsp;Srinivas Garimella","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.133382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.133382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rates of adsorption and desorption in adsorption systems can vary greatly depending on the geometric properties, heat and mass transfer characteristics, and kinetics. If the sorption rates are not optimized, significant increases in the thermal mass can result from increased adsorbent and metal casing, resulting in sub-optimal performance. An experimental investigation of the performance of a calcium chloride-expanded natural graphite composite adsorbent with an ammonia adsorbate for different adsorbent packing densities is conducted. The rates of adsorption and desorption are measured and compared to determine the optimal packing density to minimize the thermal mass and maximize sorption rates. A 2D heat and mass transfer model is developed, and predictions are compared with corresponding experimental results. The experimental results are fit to available correlations in the literature for future use in adsorption system design and optimization. Of the packing densities investigated, 265 ± 13 <span><math><mi>kg</mi><mo>∙</mo><msup><mi>m</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> yields the fastest adsorption (at 6 bar and 30 °C) and desorption (at 6 bar and 120 °C) rates with a minimum reaction conversion time of approximately 200 s, while 694 ± 32 <span><math><mi>kg</mi><mo>∙</mo><msup><mi>m</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> results in the slowest rates with a minimum reaction conversion time of 750 s. The 2D heat and mass transfer model accurately predicts the uptake within 5% for all packing densities except 700 <span><math><mi>kg</mi><mo>∙</mo><msup><mi>m</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>. The results are used to obtain fitting parameters for a well-known model from the literature to predict adsorption and desorption rates. Recommendations for further experiments and coupled heat and mass transfer modeling are made based on the results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 133382"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149156568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental analysis on falling film absorbers using ionic liquids for cold store conditioning","authors":"Felix Hochwallner,&nbsp;Ben Stephani,&nbsp;Johann Emhofer,&nbsp;Christoph Reichl","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.133357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.133357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Frost formation on air coolers causes energy losses and operational disruptions in cold stores. This study investigates an ionic liquid-based open absorption system for frost-free air conditioning of cold stores. A dual-circuit absorber–regenerator test bench was developed to experimentally characterize the system under relevant operating conditions.</div><div>The absorber and regenerator were evaluated using the mass transfer coefficient <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and Sherwood number <span><math><mi>Sh</mi></math></span>. Sherwood numbers in the range of <span><math><mrow><mi>Sh</mi><mo>≈</mo><mn>4.4</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>7.0</mn></mrow></math></span> were obtained, corresponding to mass transfer coefficients of <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≈</mo><mn>9.1</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>14.6</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>mm/s</mi></mrow></math></span>. The Sherwood number was found to be largely independent of desiccant solution mass flow rate and cooling or heating temperature, indicating gas-side diffusion-limited mass transfer with stable liquid-film wetting.</div><div>Compared with a conventional air cooler, the absorber-based system prevented frost formation and maintained stable cooling performance while allowing regeneration using low-grade waste heat from the refrigeration system at 42<!--> <!-->° C. Frosting and defrosting losses in an idealized conventional system were found to account for at least 8% of the cooling energy. A system-level energy assessment showed that even the lab-scale absorber-based system could reduce electrical energy demand by <span><math><mrow><mn>1.4</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.6</mn><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span> compared with the idealized conventional system. For a full-scale system operating under non-ideal conditions, the achievable savings are expected to be considerably higher. Moreover, the heat exchanger of the absorber-based system can be built 25% smaller while providing the same cooling capacity, as its performance is not degraded by frost formation. These findings demonstrate the potential of absorber-based systems for frost-free, stable, and energy-efficient cold store conditioning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 133357"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149156650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal pathway engineering for advanced integrated-circuit packaging: from intrinsic properties to lifetime qualification","authors":"Peisheng Liu,&nbsp;Feiyu Qiang,&nbsp;Jinlan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.133168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.133168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Advanced-package thermal performance depends on the assembled source-to-boundary heat path, and intrinsic conductivity alone is insufficient. This review evaluates thermal interface and attach materials, bonded interfaces, interconnect and spreading structures, and direct and embedded cooling through four pathway contributions: bulk conduction, contact/interfacial transport, spreading/constriction, and the terminal boundary. In the mapped literature, initial thermal demonstrations are common, but controlling-segment localization remains less consistently established, and no mapped claim satisfies the complete lifetime-qualification criterion used here. The synthesis shows that conductivity gains can be offset by bond-line or contact penalties, architecture and workload can change the controlling segment, and aggressive spreading or cooling strategies can increase the relative importance of adjacent interfaces or hydraulic constraints. Service exposure further reconstructs pathways through contact degradation, crack or pore evolution, delamination, corrosion, fouling, and related mechanisms. A four-level evidence hierarchy (demonstration, localization, mechanism confirmation, and lifetime qualification) separates initial improvement from a transferable design claim. Practical design therefore focuses on identifying, optimizing, and qualifying the controlling assembled segment under stated architecture, workload, boundary, and exposure conditions, rather than ranking technologies by a single material or cooling metric.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 133168"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149156651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Year-round thermal regulation mechanisms and parameter optimisation of retro-reflective phase-change composite wall","authors":"Caixia Wang,&nbsp;Shixuan Xu,&nbsp;Kai Huang,&nbsp;Kang Duan,&nbsp;Tian Yan,&nbsp;Tingzhen Ming","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.133418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.133418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Experiments confirmed that a retro-reflective phase-change composite wall (RPW) regulates test-cell thermal response, but limited test duration and coverage of meteorological conditions and operating scenarios hindered year-round assessment. A transient EnergyPlus model was developed and validated against experimental data and applied using typical meteorological year data for Wuhan. Indoor conditions were evaluated using overheating discomfort degree-hours (DDH_h), overcooling discomfort degree-hours (DDH_c), and total thermal discomfort degree-hours (DDH_t). Sequential one-factor-at-a-time analysis examined PCM phase-change temperature (T_m), phase-change layer thickness (d_P), and RRM equivalent directional reflectance (ρ_R). DDH_t was low at T_m = 25–27 °C and lowest at 26 °C. Increasing d_P from 20 to 30 mm reduced DDH_h, DDH_c and DDH_t by 11.23%, 5.56%, and 7.54%, respectively; this interval yielded the greatest marginal benefit. Increasing ρ_R reduced DDH_h but increased DDH_c; DDH_t was low at ρ_R = 0.70–0.80 and lowest at 0.75. Sensitivity analysis of model validation bias preserved these trends and ranges. Sequential screening identified T_m = 26 °C, d_P = 30 mm, and ρ_R = 0.75 as a favorable combination within the investigated ranges. Relative to the experimental baseline RPW, this combination reduced DDH_h and DDH_t by 47.12% and 12.19%, increased DDH_c by 6.46%, and reduced the total annual ideal heating and cooling load by 14.38%. These findings support RPW parameter selection and passive-envelope design in hot-summer and cold-winter regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 133418"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149156926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesoscale thermal-chemical coupling in heterogeneous energetic materials: Impact of elliptical microstructure on heat flux dynamics and unsteady combustion","authors":"Haoyang Wu,&nbsp;Kaixuan Chen,&nbsp;Xiaochun Xue,&nbsp;Yonggang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.133397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.133397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The combustion of heterogeneous energetic materials involves complex coupling between condensed-phase heat conduction, interfacial pyrolysis, and gas-phase flame propagation. While spherical particle assumptions are prevalent in thermal modeling, practical propellant grains exhibit significant morphological anisotropy. This study investigates the impact of microstructural heterogeneity on the thermo-chemical stability of Nitrate Ester Plasticized Polyether (NEPE) propellants. Specifically, the modulation of burning rate uniformity and heat flux distribution by the morphology and orientation of elliptical particles is analyzed. A high-density mesoscale packing model utilizing the Axis-Aligned Bounding Box (AABB) and Gilbert-Johnson-Keerthi (GJK) algorithms is developed to resolve the thermal interaction between elliptical particles and the binder matrix. By coupling condensed-phase energy equations with a semi-global gas-phase reaction mechanism, the regulation of heat feedback by particle orientation is compared. Results indicate that within the present two-dimensional framework, the 45° elliptical configuration reduces the normalized heat-flux non-uniformity and the burning-rate coefficient of variation (CV) relative to the circular-particle reference, suggesting a more spatially uniform heat-feedback pathway under identical modeling assumptions. In the reduced AP/HMX/binder domain, HMX morphology has a stronger influence on the mean regression rate than AP morphology because elongated HMX-rich interfaces intensify AP/HMX/binder diffusion-flame coupling and modify solid-phase heat-conduction pathways. Under the imposed rapid depressurization condition, global flame weakening is primarily pressure-driven, whereas particle morphology controls early-stage heat-release localization and regression heterogeneity. The flame structure evolves from an early diffusion-flame-dominated regime to a weaker premixed-flame-like reaction stage. These findings indicate that oblique elliptical morphology can redistribute local heat-feedback pathways in a two-dimensional mesoscale framework, providing qualitative thermal-combustion insight for future studies that combine combustion modeling with mechanical, manufacturing, and three-dimensional microstructural constraints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 133397"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149156569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}