Applied Thermal Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Multi-objective optimization of an inclined cascade solar still for enhanced thermal and economic performance","authors":"Wafae El Hafid,&nbsp;Yousra Jbari,&nbsp;Souad Abderafi","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A solar still is a promising and eco-friendly solution to address water scarcity, but its efficiency remains limited. This research aims to improve the thermal and economic performance of an inclined cascade solar still by increasing distilled water productivity and reducing production cost. The novelty of this study lies in the optimization of two design parameters, the number of baffles in the absorber plate and the insulation thickness, which have not yet been investigated in the literature. A parametric sensitivity analysis based on a Central Composite Design and used a CFD Model was conducted to evaluate the effect of these parameters on system performance. Simulations results of nine numerical experiences are then exploited to determine the optimal values using a multi-objective optimization approach combining Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). The optimization results show that an insulation thickness of 100 mm and the10 baffles placed in the absorber plate provide the best compromise, achieving a daily productivity of 11.58 kg/m²d and a distilled water cost of 0.0088 $/kg. These results confirm the potential of an optimized inclined cascade solar still to produce low-cost fresh water and highlight its practical implications for implementing sustainable solutions, particularly suited for arid regions facing an increasing scarcity of drinking water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 128590"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing the solar evaporation performance of downward designed evaporator with active water supply strategy","authors":"Fusong Li,&nbsp;Tengxiang Li,&nbsp;Haitao Zhu,&nbsp;Daxiong Wu,&nbsp;Canying Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SIE) is an eco-friendly and energy-efficient approach to produce freshwater. However, the intrinsic water transport capacity of materials limits the improvement of productivity in the conventional evaporators working in passive water supply mode driven by capillary force. In this study, we proposed an active water supply strategy along with a downward designed evaporator to overcome the limitation. The evaporator was constructed based on an electrospun PVA/CuCr₂O₄ film. Water supply rate was regulated by a syringe pump to seek the optimal match with solar evaporation capacity. At the optimized water supply rate of 0.04 mL min⁻¹, the evaporator delivered a maximum solar evaporation rate of 2.24 kg m^-2h⁻¹ under 1.0-sun illumination. The downward designed evaporator with active water supply also exhibited great potential in salt rejection even under high-salinity of 10 wt%, which facilitated long-term operational stability of the evaporator. This research established an adaptable water supply approach to maximize the evaporation potential of the evaporators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 128583"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase change behaviour and thermal performance evaluation of hybrid solar space cooling system featuring with Glauber’s salt phase change material","authors":"Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar ,&nbsp;Viyat Varun Upadhyay ,&nbsp;Ankit Kedia ,&nbsp;Ashwin Jacob ,&nbsp;Vinayagam Mohanavel ,&nbsp;M. Murali ,&nbsp;S Sathiyamurthy ,&nbsp;Lalitha Gnanasekaran ,&nbsp;Manikandan Ayyar","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research presents a detailed investigation of the thermal performance of hybrid solar system for space cooling applications, which is experimentally studied by water (baseline), water/hybrid nanofluid (50:50 ratios of graphene: alumina nanoparticle), and water/hybrid nanofluid with 70, 80, and 90 % of sodium sulfate decahydrate (Na₂SO₄·10H₂O – Glauber’s salt) with 1 wt% borax nucleation agent is used to enriching the phase change behaviour. The influences of hybrid nanofluid and its combined action with varying percentages of Glauber’s salt phase change material (PCM) on the thermal performance, latent heat of fusion, and coefficient of performance (COP) of the cooling system will be studied and compared to baseline results. The significance of hybrid nanofluid and improved percentages of Glauber’s salt offered better thermal performance and higher COP performance than water fluid. Moreover, the hybrid solar system functioned with 1 % of hybrid nanofluid and 90 % Glauber’s salt/1 % borax provided optimum behaviours like higher thermal conductivity (1.38 W/mK), improved specific heat capacity (5147.9 J/kgK), better latent heat of fusion (187.8 kJ/kg), COP peaks at about 6.2, higher cooling capacity (9.0 kW), and reduced thermal diffusivity (0.163 mm²/s) and thermal cycle stability of (95.8 %), confirming excellent long-term operational reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 128564"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of a solar-wind-hydrogen-gas-grid multi-energy system with CCHP distributed cooperative operation","authors":"Manfeng Li ,&nbsp;Hailong Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoqiang Zhai ,&nbsp;Suping Li ,&nbsp;Weilin Li ,&nbsp;Yiji Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Utilizing renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydrogen helps reduce dependence on fossil fuels and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. This study introduces a renewable energy system combining solar, wind, hydrogen, and natural gas resources with a combined cooling, heating and power system, absorption chillers and, air source heat pumps. The system is designed to dynamically meet the cooling, heating, and power demands. The system’s performance was analyzed using TRNSYS simulation, highlighting significant improvements in energy efficiency (η_en), primary energy saving rate (PESR), sustainability index (SI), and life cycle cost (LCC). Using response surface methodology, a multi-objective optimization was carried out to determine optimal configurations of photovoltaic panel area, solar collector panel area, and number of air–fuel cells. The results indicate that the optimal system configuration includes 4 wind turbines, 50 air–fuel cells, 500 m² of PV panels and 5500 m² of solar collector. This configuration achieves an η_en of 85.4 %, PESR of 87.3 %, SI of 3.785, and LCC of 4.119 × 10⁶ $. The integrated system demonstrates enhanced energy efficiency, economic performance, and supply reliability, providing a viable pathway for renewable energy integration in building applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 128562"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization-based comparative study of six SOFC-driven systems employing various reforming techniques: Efficiency, life cycle cost, and CO2 emissions assessment","authors":"Amirali Nouri ,&nbsp;Siamak Dadgar ,&nbsp;Ata Chitsaz ,&nbsp;Navid Kousheshi ,&nbsp;Araz Emami","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the growing interest in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)-based systems for clean and efficient power generation, limited studies have comprehensively compared different methane reforming techniques integrated with SOFCs from energy, economic, and CO₂ emissions perspectives. This study addresses this gap by providing a comparative evaluation of six SOFC-based power plants, each employing a distinct reforming method: steam methane reforming (SMR), dry methane reforming (DMR), partial oxidation of methane (POX), air and water-assisted autothermal reforming (AWATR), air and CO₂-assisted autothermal reforming (ACATR), and air, CO₂, and water-assisted autothermal reforming (ACWATR). The performance evaluation focuses on energy efficiency, life cycle cost (LCC), and environmental impact (CO₂ emissions). Under optimal conditions, the SMR-based system demonstrates superior performance, achieving the highest net power output (491.7 kW), domestic hot water (DHW) production (337.7 kW), electrical efficiency (48.4 %), and combined heat and power (CHP) efficiency (81.7 %), alongside the lowest CO₂ emissions (408 kg/MWh). However, this system incurs the highest LCC ($2.8 MM) due to its greater SOFC cell requirements. In contrast, the ACATR-based system achieves the lowest LCC ($1.3 MM) but exhibits the poorest performance, including the lowest net power output (189.8 kW), electrical efficiency (22.7 %), and the highest CO₂ emissions (1705.8 kg/MWh). Excluding the SMR configuration, the POX-based system emerges as a viable alternative, balancing high electrical efficiency with reduced environmental impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 128595"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiment and modeling study of particle spectral emittance in concentrated solar biomass thermochemical conversion","authors":"Jinhong Yu,&nbsp;Shiquan Shan,&nbsp;Guijia Zhang,&nbsp;Shizhun Liu,&nbsp;Zhijun Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of solar thermochemical conversion with biomass gasification offers significant potential for achieving high-efficiency solar-to-chemical energy conversion. The thermal radiation characteristics of biomass directly influence its ability to capture and utilize solar radiation; however, previous studies often simplified biomass as a gray body, neglecting the complex physicochemical transformations occurring during pyrolysis and gasification that substantially alter its radiative properties. To address this gap, this study employed a self-developed platform for indirect emittance measurement to investigate three biomass samples. Samples representing different reaction stages of pyrolysis and gasification were prepared, and their spectral emittance was measured across the solar radiation waveband (0.3–2.5 μm). The results indicate that as the pyrolysis temperature increased, the total solar absorptance of biomass samples increased sharply from 0.49 to 0.90, thereby significantly enhancing their radiative absorption capacity. Ash content exhibited a pronounced inhibitory effect on emittance, particularly during gasification, where the high-ash wheat sample (29.44 %) displayed the lowest emittance. During gasification, all samples maintained high absorption capacity, with the emittance ranged from 0.87 to 0.93 in 0.3–2.5 μm. Based on the observed influences of reaction stage, ash content, and wavelength on emittance, two sixth-order emittance models were developed for pyrolysis and gasification. These models achieved low prediction errors of 1.20 × 10⁻³ and 4.05 × 10⁻⁵, respectively. This study provides valuable insights into the thermal radiative behavior of biomass and supports more accurate modeling of solar-driven pyrolysis and gasification processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 128591"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of sootblower operation based on machine learning to improve efficiency and NOx reduction","authors":"Joko Santoso ,&nbsp;Agus Setyawan ,&nbsp;Muchammad","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The issue of slagging deposits on pipes inside the boiler can lead to negative impacts. The efficiency of heat transfer between the combustion gas outside the pipes and the water inside becomes ineffective due to the high thermal resistance of slagging deposits. This results in problems such as reduced boiler efficiency and increased fuel consumption. The sootblower functions to remove soot, ash, and other deposits adhering to the outer surface of the pipes. However, improper operation patterns of the sootblower can cause damage to boiler pipes. If the sootblower is operated too infrequently, slagging and fouling buildup on the pipes will increase. Conversely, operating the sootblower too frequently can lead to excessive use of steam and potential erosion of the pipe surfaces. By optimizing sootblower operation using machine learning, a more targeted operating pattern can be achieved in accordance with the cleanliness factor target. This optimization can reduce the average sootblower operating frequency by two times across all boiler areas and decrease steam consumption by 54 tons per day or 1,681.53 tons per month. It also helps achieve the heat rate target according to the 2022 baseline and reduce NOx emission. With fewer sootblower operations, pipe erosion can be minimized, and lower steam consumption makes the sootblower operation pattern more effective in reducing slagging and fouling buildup and NOx emission are lowered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 128598"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An eco-friendly fibrous membrane with birch-trunk-like fibers enabling enhanced daytime radiative cooling","authors":"Lu Gao,&nbsp;Yan Bao,&nbsp;Sike Yu,&nbsp;Na Liu,&nbsp;Chao Liu,&nbsp;Wenbo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrospun fibrous membranes incorporating nanospheres present a promising strategy for radiative cooling, primarily due to achieving high solar reflectivity and mid-infrared emissivity. However, their practical development is often hindered by excessive use of organic solvents, susceptibility to delamination, and agglomeration of nanospheres. In this work, an eco-friendly fibrous membrane was developed <em>via</em> co-electrospinning of waterborne polyurethane, polyoxyethylene, and SiO₂ nanospheres (BTFM). In contrast to cellulose acetate and polytetrafluoroethylene fibrous membranes, BTFM exhibits a dense and delamination-resistant structure. The incorporation of polyoxyethylene as a thickener facilitates the uniform entanglement of SiO₂ nanospheres with polyurethane chains, resulting in birch-trunk-like fibers with an average diameter of 1.65 μm. With a thickness of approximately 531 μm and a SiO₂ content of 3.6 wt%, the BTFM membrane possesses an optimized pore structure and fiber surface ridge-groove topography, contributing to a solar reflectivity of 93.9%. Synergistic vibrational absorption from the polymer and SiO₂ endows BTFM with ∼96% of mid-infrared emissivity. These optical properties surpass those of previously reported solvent-based fibrous membranes. Under a peak solar irradiance of 980 W/m², BTFM achieved a temperature reduction of 13.4 °C and 10 °C compared to polyester with and without polyethylene film, respectively. Even under an average solar irradiance of ∼560 W/m², it provided a temperature drop of ∼4 °C relative to bare skin. BTFM outperformed traditional textiles, including polyester, cotton, synthetic leather, and leatheroid, in terms of cooling efficiency. Furthermore, BTFM exhibited excellent UV resistance, flexibility, water vapor permeability, and air permeability, underscoring its practical potential in cooling textiles. This work offers a sustainable and high-performance radiative cooling material with clearly superior properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 128589"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat flux prediction of electrical cabinet fires using a physics-based model combined with machine learning methods","authors":"Qiuju Ma ,&nbsp;Zhennan Chen ,&nbsp;Jianhua Chen ,&nbsp;Yubo Sun ,&nbsp;Nan Chen ,&nbsp;Mengzhen Du","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate heat flux prediction in cabinet fires is essential for evaluating thermal risks. However, traditional methods become constrained due to flame obstruction, unavailable key parameters on-site, and limited future prediction capability. This study proposes a hybrid framework combining extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), a physics-based model, and bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) for heat flux inference and forecasting. XGBoost is employed to infer target temperatures from cabinet wall thermocouples, which are then converted into heat flux through a physics-based model, establishing a real-time inference pathway from accessible measurements to heat flux. Then, BiLSTM is introduced to forecast heat flux 60 s ahead, thereby capturing the future evolution of the target variable. Results demonstrate that the predicted heat flux achieves errors below 0.17 kW/m² in training, validation, and test sets. When using predicted heat flux as input, BiLSTM maintains errors below 5.9 %. Compared with other models, our methods achieve lower errors. In addition, a feature selection strategy based on correlation analysis and hierarchical clustering is developed to identify the optimal thermocouple combination when constructing the dataset. The proposed method provides a practical and efficient insight for predicting heat flux in cabinet fires, contributing to enhanced fire risk management in nuclear industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 128576"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nucleate boiling of liquid oxygen under a magnetically compensated reduced-gravity environment","authors":"Jiashi Wang,&nbsp;Mingkun Xiao,&nbsp;Haiyang Shao,&nbsp;Aifeng Cai,&nbsp;Guang Yang,&nbsp;Jingyi Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The nucleate boiling heat transfer behavior of liquid oxygen (LOX) under reduced gravity is critical for assessing the reliability of multiple ignition cycles in orbiting liquid rocket engines. However, existing experimental data and theoretical correlations are insufficient for accurately predicting the associated heat transfer processes. In this study, pool boiling experiments of LOX were performed at three gravity levels (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>24</mn><msub><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>, and <span><math><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>13</mn><msub><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>) on an 18 mm diameter circular heating surface at 0.1<!--> <!-->MPa, using a magnetically compensated microgravity platform. Boiling curves of LOX and bubble visualization results were obtained under all three gravity conditions. A discrete numerical method based on transient heat conduction along the copper rod was proposed to determine the temperature and heat flux at the heating surface. Results show that decreasing gravity suppresses both single-phase natural convection and nucleate boiling heat transfer while lowering the superheat required for the onset of nucleate boiling. Under reduced gravity, larger bubble volumes and enhanced coalescence and accumulation behavior were observed. Additionally, the empirical coefficient <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>01993</mn></mrow></math></span> for LOX in the Rohsenow correlation was determined. These findings provide an improved basis for predicting cryogenic heat transfer performance under reduced-gravity conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 128584"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}