Applied Thermal Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Energy-Balance modeling of coalescence-induced droplet jumping on flat surfaces and slingshot structures","authors":"Yanzhi Li 李衍智 ,&nbsp;Zhen Zhang 张震 ,&nbsp;Haixiang Zhang 张海翔 ,&nbsp;Jiayu Du 都家宇 ,&nbsp;Libin Sun 孙立斌 ,&nbsp;Xiong Wang 王雄 ,&nbsp;Qi Min 闵琪","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The highly efficient coalescence-induced droplet jumping on surfaces has attracted significant interest due to its potential for heat transfer enhancement, self-cleaning, anti-ice/frosting, and directional liquid collection. However, existing velocity models fail to accurately predict experimental results, primarily due to overestimations of excess surface energy and kinetic energy, or underestimations of viscous dissipation. Moreover, no theoretical model has been developed to address slingshot structures until now. In this study, a universal predictive model with enhanced precision is established. This model not only predicts the jumping velocity for slingshot structures but is also applicable to flat surfaces and even surfaces with particles. Key energy terms have been refined by incorporating the actual droplet shape, calculating viscous dissipation separately for distinct dynamic stages, and introducing a novel approach to kinetic energy utilization. Additionally, it is pointed out that normalized texture height is the dominant geometry parameter for droplet jumping velocity enhancement. By comparing the prediction results with previous experiments, this model agrees well with the vast majority of data on flat and slingshot structures, and the relative errors are ∼ 13 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 126300"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the atomization and vaporization characteristics of kerosene with dual-stage counter-rotating nozzle","authors":"Ruolin Zhao ,&nbsp;Wenjun Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To achieve low NOx emissions in the combustor, a dual-stage counter-rotating nozzle based on lean direct injection was designed. The investigation of kerosene atomization and vaporization using this nozzle contributes to optimizing its structure and enhancing its practical applications. In this study, experiments were conducted to measure droplet size and velocity profiles. Large eddy simulations were performed to analyze velocity, droplet size, and kerosene distribution in a high-temperature environment (770 K, 205.2 kPa). The results demonstrate that droplet size increases with both radial and axial distances. The dual-stage counter-rotating swirler reduces droplet size, enhances heat transfer, accelerates vaporization, and improves kerosene uniformity. Increasing the inner blade angle results in a wider atomization cone and smaller droplet sizes. At outer blade angles of 35° or 40°, the spray cone fails to form. Vaporization occurs most rapidly at an inner blade angle of 45°, taking 33.1 ms. Increasing the inner-to-outer air flow rate ratio expands droplet distribution, enhances heat transfer, and accelerates vaporization. As the ratio increases from 1:3 to 3:1, the vaporization time decreases from 47.5 to 32.8 ms. Additionally, increasing the air flow rate strengthens droplet breakup, further reducing droplet size and accelerating vaporization. As the total air flow rate increases from 4.2 to 8.4 g·s⁻¹, the vaporization time decreases from 37.9 to 32.1 ms. The study identifies the optimal parameters as a 40° inner blade angle, a 45° outer blade angle, and a 3:1 inner-to-outer air flow rate ratio, which reduce droplet diameter, enhance vaporization rate, and improve kerosene dispersion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 126303"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermo-economic evaluation of a solar and SOFC-based power and freshwater co-production system","authors":"Xianqi Zhou ,&nbsp;Huailiang You ,&nbsp;Guoxiang Li ,&nbsp;Jitian Han ,&nbsp;Yan Xiao ,&nbsp;Bin Hu ,&nbsp;Ze-Hang Chen ,&nbsp;Daifen Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fuel cell has been proved as one of the most efficient energy conversion technologies, while investigations on energy and economic feasibility of advanced energy systems integrated with fuel cells and renewable energy are still needed. This study proposes a novel co-production system mainly coupled with a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer, a solid oxide fuel cell, a multi-effect desalination unit, and a dual pressure organic Rankine cycle to pursue cleaner productions of electricity and freshwater. The system feasibility is evaluated by using energy, exergy, and economic analysis methods. The thermo-economic analysis result indicates that the system energy and exergy efficiencies under basal scenario are 61.06 % and 40.83 %. The power and freshwater productions are found to be 200.1 kW and 0.264 kg/s with the levelized cost rates of 0.0628 $/kWh and 0.0132 $/kg. Parametric study is conducted to reveal the effects of system core parameters on system performance. The analysis result illustrates that the system thermodynamic performance is conflicted with the desalination and economic performance when key parameters are adjusted. To balance the performance conflicts, multi-objective optimization is further performed to obtain optimal system performance in different working scenarios. The optimization result demonstrates that the highest system energy and exergy efficiencies are obtained in scenario A of first optimization, which are 11.46 % and 11.24 % higher than the basal scenario. The highest freshwater production is obtained in scenario C of second optimization with the value of 0.391 kg/s, while the total exergy efficiency and power output are the lowest.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 126290"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on liquid sodium capillary dynamics in screen wicks","authors":"Langlang Tian ,&nbsp;Yugao Ma ,&nbsp;Luteng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yiru Zhu ,&nbsp;Zaiyong Ma ,&nbsp;Simiao Tang ,&nbsp;Qiang Lian ,&nbsp;Wan Sun ,&nbsp;Longxiang Zhu ,&nbsp;Liangming Pan ,&nbsp;Meiyue Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As an indispensable structure in heat pipe, the capillary characteristics of screen wick directly affect the circulating behavior of working medium and the overall heat transfer performance of heat pipe. In this paper, the capillary characteristics of stainless steel screen wick and molybdenum screen wick with high temperature liquid sodium as working medium are tested by capillary rising method combined with weighing method. The variations of wick mass and immersion height with changing temperatures for different types of wire mesh wicks are explored from experimental measurement and model prediction. In the first heating period, the sodium wettability and wick mass are significantly improved when heating to about 460 °C. The variations of wick mass are in opposite trend with temperatures in the subsequent cycles of heating and cooling, which indicates that the damage of surface oxide layer by chemical reaction is irreversible. The sodium capillarity in screen wick mainly depends on the mesh number and interlayer spacing, while the layer number impose little effect on the results. The molybdenum screen wick presents out the better capillary performance than stainless steel screen wick. The predictions of maximum heights and wick mass at different temperatures from capillary model are compared with experimental data. It is found that the error of calculated sodium mass in wick are within 12 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 126306"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dual-layer modelling method for characterizing and optimizing the energy flexibility of building heating systems","authors":"Yanzhe Dou ,&nbsp;Baoping Xu ,&nbsp;Peihong Jiang ,&nbsp;Xi Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Zheng ,&nbsp;Yuying Yan ,&nbsp;Xiaoze Du","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Utilizing passive thermal storage with electric heat pumps enables cost-effective building energy flexibility enhancement. Current reduced-order modeling approaches for control simulations introduce significant simulation-reality discrepancies, while high-fidelity physical models require impractical computational loads for real-time applications. To address these challenges, this study introduces a dual-layer modelling framework. An integrated detailed model comprising three interactive sub-models (multi-zone buildings, heating devices, heat pumps) is developed as a digital twin platform. Using the training data, an artificial neural network (ANN) model for predictive control is constructed and validated. Three strategies including proportional (PC), rule-based (RC), and model predictive control (MPC) are evaluated via four flexibility metrics: load shifting ratio, energy transfer efficiency, flexibility coefficient, and thermal discharge duration. Simulation results indicate that radiator heating systems achieve 2.9 times higher load shifting capacity versus fan coil systems. MPC with optimized simulated annealing (SA) algorithms reduces operational costs by &gt; 50 % in mild conditions and 5 % during peak heating demand compared to RC strategies. Quantitative analysis demonstrates that climate variations and terminal configurations significantly influence flexibility potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 126312"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on performance and layout optimization of buried heat exchangers array in Karst landform","authors":"Ruiyong Mao ,&nbsp;Yaya Chen ,&nbsp;Zujing Zhang ,&nbsp;Jing Chen ,&nbsp;Jiri Zhou ,&nbsp;Hongwei Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ground source heat pump systems (GSHPs) are a key technology for geothermal energy utilization, and improving their performance supports the global transition to renewable energy. However, the influence of hydrogeological conditions and heat exchanger configuration on the performance of buried heat exchanger arrays (BHEAs) has not been fully explored. This study evaluates the performance of three layouts—rectangular, diamond, and trapezoidal—under varying pipe spacings, particularly under the influence of groundwater seepage. The results show that the diamond layout achieves better thermal equilibrium and heat transfer efficiency, particularly at small pipe spacings. It also outperforms in terms of heat exchange decay rate (HEDR) and thermal disturbance coefficient (TDC) compared to other layouts. Key findings include: (i) The diamond and trapezoidal layouts exhibit significantly lower thermal accumulation and thermal interference under groundwater seepage compared to the rectangular layout. (ii) Regional thermal efficiency (RTE) and average heat transfer increase with pipe spacing, while TDC decreases. (iii) At 2 m pipe spacing, average heat transfer under seepage increased by 20.31 W/m (rectangular), 21.08 W/m (trapezoidal), and 18.67 W/m (diamond) compared to non-seepage condition. (iv) Groundwater seepage increased the maximum RTE by 40 %, reduced the maximum TDC by 1.82 m, and effectively lowered HEDR. These findings highlight the positive impact of groundwater seepage on BHEAs performance and provide valuable insights for the future design and optimization of GSHPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 126307"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical and experimental study on characterization of oil-free linear compressor","authors":"Changxu Qiu ,&nbsp;Ruize Li ,&nbsp;Yunwei Shen ,&nbsp;Bo Wang ,&nbsp;Qinyu Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhihua Gan","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The precooled Joule-Thomson (JT) cryocoolers driven by linear compressors working at liquid helium temperature have the advantages of simple and compact structure, low vibration and electromagnetic interference. To explore the feasibility of single-stage oil-free linear compressor with high pressure ratio driving JT cryocooler working at liquid helium temperature, performance testing and optimization research on a linear compressor are conducted. The operating mechanism of a linear compressor is introduced and the compressor experiment setup is built. When the low pressure is maintained at about 0.101 MPa with helium as the working fluid, the compressor achieves a groundbreaking pressure ratio of 10 and the corresponding mass flow rate is 7.5 mg/s. The stable working condition of compressor is quantified at pressure ratio of 5–10 and mass flow rate of 2.6–14.0 mg/s, enabling thermodynamic optimization that reveals a peak exergetic efficiency of 39.4 % at a pressure ratio of 5 and a mass flow rate of 13.5 mg/s. An original numerical model developed using Sage software and calibrated with experimental data, demonstrates exceptional accuracy, with average relative deviations of 2.65 % (pressure) and 4.33 % (mass flow rate) between simulations and experiments. The results verified the rationality of the linear compressor model. Based on the results, potential optimal design for linear compressors were provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 126305"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of a multidimensional CFD approach for ethanol-fueled spark ignition engines at knock-limited conditions","authors":"Motwani Rahul,&nbsp;Gandolfo John,&nbsp;Gainey Brian,&nbsp;Lawler Benjamin","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The alcohols (ethanol and methanol) are promising fuel substitutes for high efficiency, low emissions spark ignition (SI) engines due to their favorable fuel properties. The fundamental feature of knock imposes limitations on the compression ratio and/or combustion phasing in SI engines. Knock is a complicated process that presents challenges for both experimental and simulation studies. Current research is aimed at exploring the gap between ethanol combustion and knock prediction in SI engines. Multidimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted to explore the choice of the combustion model and Mach Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) number to predict SI engine operation at a knock-limited spark advance (KLSA) condition fueled with neat ethanol (E100) and hydrous or “wet” ethanol (WE92) containing 8% water by mass. The validation of the G-Equation model and a detailed chemistry solver was informed by the comparison of bulk cylinder pressure and heat release rates against experimental data. The G-Equation model predicts advanced combustion phasing whereas cylinder pressures based on the detailed chemistry results were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data for the neat ethanol operation. The recommended choice for the detailed chemistry solver is further highlighted by the excellent validation observed for the hydrous ethanol operation. The necessity of a lower Mach CFL number to qualitatively capture knocking trends with reliable accuracy is demonstrated on the basis of knock indices developed for local points in the end gas. The simulation validation characteristics highlight the success of the detailed chemistry solver in reliably predicting SI engine performance with a recommendation for a lower Mach CFL number to successfully capture pressure oscillations associated with end-gas knock. A spark timing sweep is performed to further demonstrate the ability of the CFD model to represent different modes of SI engine operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 126301"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study of impurity elements influence on heat transfer performance of high temperature sodium heat pipe","authors":"Lining Liu ,&nbsp;Jiarui Zhang ,&nbsp;Chenglong Wang ,&nbsp;Wenxi Tian ,&nbsp;Suizheng Qiu ,&nbsp;Yugao Ma ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Chai","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the heat transfer performance of capillary-driven high-temperature heat pipes filled with 29 g of sodium and doped with impurity elements. An experimental platform was designed to analyze the heat transfer characteristics of these heat pipes. We explored the effects of doping with five impurity elements—oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), magnesium (Mg), carbon (C), and argon (Ar)—on the thermal performance of the sodium heat pipes. The experimental results indicate that the standard heat pipe exhibits lower average temperature differences across the evaporator, adiabatic, and condenser sections compared to heat pipes doped with impurities. Overall, the standard heat pipe demonstrates superior isothermal performance. Relatively speaking, the ranking of heat transfer performance from high to low is as follows: standard &gt; O &gt; H &gt; Mg &gt; C &gt; Ar. The presence of elemental impurities generally reduces the heat pipe’s service life, as well as its heat transfer and start-up characteristics. Non-condensable gases significantly affect the start-up characteristics of the heat pipe. Additionally, carbon reacts with iron, leading to carburization and reducing the heat pipe’s heat transfer performance. Overall, elemental impurities tend to impair both heat transfer and start-up performance, with the degree of impact varying depending on the type of impurity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 126308"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2-D CFD modeling for steam gasification of a large biomass char particle","authors":"Biswajit Kamila ,&nbsp;Arindam Mandal ,&nbsp;Ashok Prabhakar ,&nbsp;Anup Kumar Sadhukhan ,&nbsp;Parthapratim Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A detailed nonisothermal, two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed for steam gasification of a large biomass char particle and computed by COMSOL Multiphysics. It incorporated chemical kinetics and transport processes inside the particle and the gas boundary layer, pore evolution, and thermophysical property changes. The model was satisfactorily validated with the present and reported experimental results over a range of reactor temperature (923–1123 K) and particle size (8–32 mm) for <em>casuarina</em> and <em>acacia</em> chars. The nonisothermal model was far more accurate than the isothermal model with the RMS relative error being 0.04 and 0.71 for <em>casuarina</em> char. Similarly, the RMS relative error was found to be 0.017 (2-D) and 0.113 (1-D) for <em>casuarina</em> and 0.019 (2-D) and 0.117 (1-D) for <em>acacia</em> char. The use of nonisothermal and 2-D features assumes greater importance at higher reactor temperatures and smaller L/D ratio. <em>Casuarina</em> was found to be more reactive and a better-suited suitable biomass than <em>acacia</em> for gasification. A simulation study investigated the effect of the reactor temperature, particle size and char reactivity on the conversion, gasification rate of biomass char, and gas composition within the particle. The reaction started with shrinking core model, shifting subsequently to shrinking reactive core model. A higher temperature favoured the peak rate and total production of H₂. The sensitivity analysis indicated the highest sensitivity for the reactor temperature. The proposed and validated simple but robust model has provided crucial insight and guidelines on biomass gasification behaviour and the design of an industrial biomass gasifier.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 126291"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}