{"title":"Experimental study of flow physics and heat transfer across the matrix subchannels","authors":"Nishab Ali , Andallib Tariq","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Matrix or latticework cooling is commonly known for offering an excellent heat transfer performance and structural strength to modern gas turbine’s blades. Detailed fluid flow studies inside matrix subchannels are still very limited, mainly due to experimental challenges. This work is a forward step in this theme in which particle image velocimetry (PIV) and Liquid Crystal Thermography (LCT) is used to capture the complex flow patterns and heat transfer across the matrix subchannels at Reynolds numbers 800 and 6500. The outcome of the study shows that a swirl commences at the entry of subchannels, which evolves in terms of a full-scale streamwise vortex in downstream. The evolved vortical structures deteriorate during turning and impingement and subsequently re-develop while propagating through subchannels. Mean turbulent kinetic energy (<span><math><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>¯</mo></mrow></mover></mrow></math></span>) distribution shows that turning and impingement offer a sharp turbulence augmentation. i.e.<em>,</em> the <span><math><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>¯</mo></mrow></mover></mrow></math></span> values after first turn shows an increment of ∼175 % (for <em>Re</em> = 800) and ∼100 % (for <em>Re</em> = 6500). The average augmentation Nusselt number (<span><math><mrow><mover><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mi>Nu</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>N</mi><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></mfrac></mrow><mrow><mo>¯</mo></mrow></mover></mrow></math></span>) is found to closely correlated with <span><math><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>¯</mo></mrow></mover></mrow></math></span>, consequently the first turning offers an increment ∼125 % (<em>Re =</em> 800) and ∼200 % (<em>Re =</em> 6500) in <span><math><mrow><mover><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mi>Nu</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>N</mi><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></mfrac></mrow><mrow><mo>¯</mo></mrow></mover></mrow></math></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 126541"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kuo Zeng , Qingyang Zhang , Chengmin Sheng , Bowen Chi , Hongyang Zuo , Haiping Yang , Hanping Chen
{"title":"Optimized study of continuous latent and sensible heat storage with multi-energy composition based on energy and power characteristics","authors":"Kuo Zeng , Qingyang Zhang , Chengmin Sheng , Bowen Chi , Hongyang Zuo , Haiping Yang , Hanping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Simultaneously improving energy density and power density of latent heat storage represents a gap in this field. To address this, a multi-energy composition form latent-sensible heat storage device is proposed. In the device, phase change materials (PCMs) with a notable temperature difference in phase change are arranged in a cascaded configuration. During energy utilization, energy composition of the storage device exhibits changes in three stages, enabling a more complete release of sensible heat within a wide temperature range between two PCMs. For the trade-off between energy/power capabilities, coupling effects of PCM layouts and operating conditions on energy/power characteristics are analyzed through Ragone plots. Results indicate that enhancing the energy density of multi-energy composition storage device typically results in a decrease in power density, adjusting porosity can improve both metrics simultaneously, contrasts with conclusions drawn from research focused exclusively on latent heat storage. The energy density can reach 388.35 kWh/m<sup>3</sup> under optimal operating conditions, representing a 76 % increase compared to only latent heat storage. Furthermore, optimized storage device demonstrates an increase in energy density of 16 kWh/m<sup>3</sup> and a power density increase of 0.27 kW/m<sup>3</sup>, thereby enhancing energy/ power capabilities simultaneously.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 126406"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saúl Díaz-Rodríguez, Eduardo Suárez, Miguel Concheiro, Concepción Paz-Penín
{"title":"Experimental study of the ozone as an anti-fouling system in an exhaust gas heat exchanger","authors":"Saúl Díaz-Rodríguez, Eduardo Suárez, Miguel Concheiro, Concepción Paz-Penín","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fouling generated in combustion systems and their auxiliary elements is a problem of interest for transportation engineering and all areas of application of combustion systems. In this work, the use of ozone as a system to minimize or eliminate fouling on the elements that make up a combustion system and the effect on the exhaust gas stream was experimentally analyzed. To carry out the experiments, a fouling generation test bench was used, to which an autonomous ozone injection system was coupled. Tests were performed under controlled conditions to characterize the generated stream and fouling. The tests were carried out at different exhaust gas temperatures and at different injection points, under conditions close to real conditions. These tests made it possible to analyze the effect of temperature and position of ozone injection on fouling and gas flow, compared to equivalent tests without ozone injection. The changes produced by ozone injection on fouling were analyzed based on thermal efficiency, head loss and deposited mass. Furthermore, THC, opacity, CO, CO<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub>, NO and particle distribution were measured to study the changes in the exhaust gas. Ozone injection produces an increase in thermal efficiency of more than 4 units after 8 h. The head loss showed different effects depending on the temperature, decreased by more than 10 % for the 140 °C tests and increased by more than 10 % for the 180 °C tests. In the gas stream, THC concentration decreased by 6–10 times and CO concentration increased by more than 30 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 126538"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liang Guo , Rong Xuan , Hao Zhang , Yanbin Shi , Changcheng Liu , Wanchen Sun , Degang Li , Xia Liu , Han Wang , Junfeng Zhang
{"title":"Dynamic behavior and evaporation characteristics of micro-nano bubble premixed fuel droplets impacting on the heated surface","authors":"Liang Guo , Rong Xuan , Hao Zhang , Yanbin Shi , Changcheng Liu , Wanchen Sun , Degang Li , Xia Liu , Han Wang , Junfeng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To understand the differences between micro-nano bubble premixed fuel (MBPF) and ordinary diesel, MBPF is prepared by adding micro-nano air bubbles to diesel through the porous membrane tube. The dynamic behavior and evaporation process of MBPF droplets after impacting aluminum alloy walls are experimentally studied using high-speed photography and schlieren photography methods. The results show that the incorporation of micro-nano bubbles reduces the kinematic viscosity of droplets and weakens the viscous resistance of the spreading process after hitting the wall, leading to an enlarged spreading factor and spreading rate. In addition, heat is transferred from the solid wall to the MBPF droplet, where the bubble expands and floats upward until it eventually breaks through the surface tension in the upper part of the droplet and bursts. This leads to a significant increase in the micro-explosion of the MBPF droplet as it evaporates on the heated surface, which has a larger diffusion width and diffusion area than ordinary diesel. Meanwhile, the diffusion width and diffusion area will be further augmented when the bubble concentration in the MBPF increases, which effectively accelerates the evaporation rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 126540"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamic characteristics of packed bed latent heat thermal storage tank to smooth solar energy fluctuations","authors":"Omar Mokhtar , ELSaeed Saad ELSihy , Chao Xu , Xiaoze Du , Hongwei Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal energy storage utilizing phase change materials (PCMs) is a crucial technology for solar energy applications. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding investigating the influence of the solar flux intensity fluctuations during the day on the performance of water/PCM-packed bed thermocline storage systems, which typically necessitate a stable heat load output. In this context, the study examines two distinct flux intensities in separate regions of Egypt: Qena and Sinai. Subsequently, the research delves into the effects of the melting temperature of PCMs and the discharge flow rate on the performance under actual solar conditions, employing the flux data from Sinai. A comprehensive two-dimensional unsteady mathematical model is developed to effectively couple the transient temperatures of water and PCM spherical capsules within the bed and perform energy and exergy analyses. The results indicated that the system performance using Sinai’s flux surpasses Qena’s flux in terms of both charging duration and discharging capacity. Besides, Sinai’s flux facilitates a more rapid charging of the storage tank than Qena’s, demonstrating a 28 % enhancement in the charging rate and a 4 % improvement in charging power. The PCM with a lower melting temperature demonstrates the highest charging efficiency. In addition, the tank system employing RT55 has an exergy efficiency of 73.3 %, while the tank system utilizing RT65 attains an efficiency of 74.77 %. The exergy efficiency of the packed bed tank and the whole system demonstrates an inverse correlation with the discharge flow rate. A threefold increase in the discharge flow rate, from 0.3 to 0.9 m<sup>3</sup>/hr, shows a 5.3 % reduction in exergy efficiency for the tank and the whole system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 126514"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yubin Du , Wenjian Wei , Chengcheng Xu , Yanfeng Wang , Xiaolu Li
{"title":"Heat transfer characteristics of single-phase flow through dimple plate heat exchanger","authors":"Yubin Du , Wenjian Wei , Chengcheng Xu , Yanfeng Wang , Xiaolu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dimple plate heat exchangers featuring with continuous-curved surface between adjacent dimples have garnered attention due to lower material consumption and lower internal volume compared to the conventional herringbone plate heat exchanger. However, a comprehensive analysis on thermal–hydraulic performance under different dimple parameters is still lacking. This study experimentally investigates the heat transfer characteristics of water flow in three dimple plate patterns (depth: 1.2 − 2.0 mm; pitch: 5.2 − 7.6 mm) with inlet hot- and cold- water temperatures at 70 and 50 °C, mass flux of 50 − 1000 kg⋅m<sup>−2</sup>⋅s<sup>−1</sup>. The simulation was conducted under even broader conditions, with mass flux ranging from 20 to 465 kg⋅m<sup>−2</sup>⋅s<sup>−1</sup>, encompassing a wide range of dimple depths (0.7 − 1.5 mm) and pitches (2.8 − 7.6 mm). The results indicated that heat transfer coefficient increased by 40 % and 80 % maximum at the same Reynolds number as the dimple depths and pitches ranges 0.7 − 2.0 mm and 2.8 − 6.0 mm, respectively. The surrounding flow and symmetric vortices among dimples instead of swirl up-and-down flow in the herringbone corrugated channel was initially identified based on different combinations of dimple depth and pitch. Laminar flow transition to turbulence was detected at a Reynolds number of approximate 300. Finally, a new correlation for the Nusselt number was developed using 118 data points, with a mean deviation of 7.6 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 126499"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahyar Avazpour , Rahim Khoshbakhti Saray , Samira Marami Milani
{"title":"Performance optimization of a transcritical-subcritical parallel organic Rankine cycle for diesel engine waste heat recovery: Thermodynamic, economic, and environmental perspectives","authors":"Mahyar Avazpour , Rahim Khoshbakhti Saray , Samira Marami Milani","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research presents a comprehensive investigation of a parallel organic Rankine cycle configuration that combines transcritical and subcritical operations, aimed at recovering waste heat from off-road diesel engines. The study evaluates how different design parameters affect the cycle’s overall performance. The cycle’s efficiency is systematically examined by employing thermodynamic and economic models using R600 as the working medium. The results show that, under defined operating conditions, the cycle delivers a net power output of 11.99 kW, a thermal efficiency of 12.27 %, and an exergy efficiency of 34.72 %. Exergy-based evaluation highlights components such as valves, expanders, and the mixer are more effective in conserving exergy, whereas the condenser performs with comparatively lower efficiency. The high-pressure (HP) evaporator contributes the most to irreversibility, followed by the condenser and low-pressure (LP) evaporator. In terms of exergy destruction contribution, the HP evaporator holds the largest portion (42.6 %), followed by the condenser (21.8 %), LP evaporator (10.2 %), and turbine 2 (6.8 %). The optimization process incorporates a multi-objective strategy using a genetic algorithm, considering exergy efficiency and specific investment cost (SIC) as performance objectives. Based on the bi-objective optimization framework, the maximum exergy efficiency achieved is 45.92 %, with a corresponding SIC of 3350 $/kW.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 126512"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced heat transfer in finned designs for biomedical materials in a pneumatic extruder","authors":"Chuan-Chieh Liao , Wen-Ken Li","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an integrated experimental and numerical investigation of heat transfer and melting efficiency in a pneumatic-based extruder for synthetic biomedical materials (SBMs). The research focuses on understanding phase transition dynamics and optimizing fin configurations to enhance thermal performance. A computational model was developed and validated against experimental data, demonstrating strong agreement in melting fraction evolution, phase transition characteristics, and temperature distribution. Velocity field analysis confirmed that thermal conduction played a dominant role throughout the melting process, as the high material viscosity restricted buoyancy-driven flow. The results reveal that the melting process is predominantly governed by conduction due to the high viscosity of polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone (PEG-PCL), which suppresses natural convection. Comparative analysis of various fin inclinations highlights that a 40° fin configuration provides the most significant enhancement, reducing melting time by 21% compared to the no-fin case. Enhancement ratio analysis further confirms that proper fin inclination improves heat penetration and overall melting efficiency. Additionally, temperature distribution and melt fraction evolution showed that heat penetration was initially concentrated near the heated surface before diffusing inward. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing thermal management strategies in pneumatic extrusion systems for biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 126513"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhuang Kang , Xiaoyuan Wang , Ruixue Yin , Li Xu , Jinxing Wu , Sen Wang , Qingguo Peng
{"title":"Optimizing of coupled phase change materials and liquid cooling thermal management for Li-ion battery pack","authors":"Zhuang Kang , Xiaoyuan Wang , Ruixue Yin , Li Xu , Jinxing Wu , Sen Wang , Qingguo Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid augment of electric vehicles (EVs) intensifies the requirements for advanced battery performance in terms of high discharge rates, long cycle life, and high energy density. To ensure the safe operation of high-rate discharge batteries, a hybrid battery thermal management system (BTMS) integrating phase-change material (PCM) and liquid cooling is proposed, which adopts multi-fin channel wrapped cells and multi-layer PCM mixing to achieve better thermal performance of the battery pack at a high discharge rate. The thermal performance of packs with air-cooled, liquid-cooled, PCM-cooled, and coupled BTMSs are evaluated and compared, and effects of liquid-cooling configurations, PCM layer thickness, coolant flow rate, and ambient temperature on thermal regulation are tested. The results demonstrate the coupled BTMS's potential to improve battery safety and performance, providing a viable solution for thermal management in EV batteries operating under high discharge rates. Furthermore, a thermal management approach with good working performance and high efficiency is identified. The coupled BTMS battery pack exhibits better performance and temperature uniformity, i.e., <em>T</em><sub>max</sub> = 36.13 °C and Δ<em>T</em> = 4.04 °C, at discharge rate 5C. It provides a feasible solution for the safe operation of power battery at a high discharge rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 126508"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenjun Guo , Zhouteng Ye , Yang Liu , Jue Fu , Yan Yan , Wei Sun , Jiahuan Cui
{"title":"Equivalent boundary model for turbine film cooling prediction","authors":"Wenjun Guo , Zhouteng Ye , Yang Liu , Jue Fu , Yan Yan , Wei Sun , Jiahuan Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Film cooling is a crucial technology for the thermal protection of gas turbines. The simulation of film cooling with mesh-resolved structures remains a time-intensive process, posing significant challenges for turbine optimization. To reduce the computational cost, this paper introduces an innovative equivalent boundary model (EBM) for predicting turbine film cooling. The proposed approach numerically characterizes the coolant jet process by modeling jet injection through the flow function and correcting jet mixing interactions using heat enthalpy balance principles. Validation was performed on a flat plate, the experimental results and the mesh-resolved simulations were used as a comparison. Different indicators of film cooling including mesh sensitivity, cooling efficiency, and flow distribution are examined. Notably, a comprehensive implementation framework for turbine prediction is proposed for the first time, with further applications extending to a turbine vane cascade and a turbine stage. The results show that the cooling effectiveness and aerodynamic performance predicted by EBM closely align with the mesh-resolved simulations and experimental results. Furthermore, for several test cases, the required computational grid was reduced by 20%, 23%, and 38%, respectively, leading to an average simulation time savings of approximately 30%. Providing an effective and efficient tool for predicting and optimizing air-cooled turbines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 126381"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}