Applied Thermal Engineering最新文献

{"title":"An on-site measurements based reflection on the design of condensation prevention for high-speed trains in severe cold regions","authors":"Haoran Liu,&nbsp;Shaochen Tian,&nbsp;Zhiwei He,&nbsp;Junfeng Chen,&nbsp;Xing Su","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the issue of anti-condensation on high-speed train (HST) operating in extremely cold regions (minimum external temperature of −35 °C). Firstly, on-site measurements were conducted on the indoor air parameters and surface temperatures in a HST operating under severe cold regions, and condensation risk index (<span><math><msub><mi>I</mi><mrow><mi>cond</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) was defined to quantitatively analyze the locations prone to condensation in the HST. Secondly, a method utilizing dry outdoor air to prevent condensation was proposed. A MATLAB simulation model was established and validated using the on-site measurement data. Based on the model, the effectiveness of the outdoor air condensation prevention method was calculated, as well as the relationship between outdoor air flowrate and indoor humidity under variable outdoor air parameter conditions, and the additional heating required. The benefits of adding an exhaust heat recovery system were also analysed. Finally, control methods for outdoor air flowrate during HST operation and anti-condensation methods for train doors were discussed. On-site measurements and condensation risk assessment showed that condensation on the train surface mainly occurred on the window and door, and the doors have the highest condensation risk. Theoretical calculations show that dry outdoor air has the significant effect of preventing condensation in passenger compartment of the HST. There is a linear relationship between the outdoor air flowrate and the dew point temperature of the passenger compartment, as well as the additional heating capacity generated by adjusting the outdoor air flowrate. Heat recovery can achieve an energy savings rate of 39.7 % to 53.4 % in different outdoor environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 128226"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of a novel composite humidity-regulating material and its application in phase change greenhouses","authors":"Ying Song,&nbsp;Erlin Meng,&nbsp;Tian Xia,&nbsp;Haoyang Li,&nbsp;Xianxin Ge,&nbsp;Jun Li,&nbsp;Haiqian Zhao,&nbsp;Bo Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Greenhouse plays a critical role in improving crop yields. However, challenges such as large temperature fluctuation and high humidity at night frequently occur. Accordingly, there is a need to regulate both the temperature and humidity inside the greenhouse. This study proposes an air circulation system that composite humidity-regulating material with phase change material (PCM) for the regulation of temperature and humidity in the greenhouse. During the preparation of the humidity-regulating materials, a composite material based on silica gel, with the addition of sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylic acid, and sodium alginate (Material weight ratio 60:20:15:5), exhibited the best moisture adsorption performance. Three operational cases were designed to study the performance of the new system by changing the operating time of the fan. Results indicate that Case 2 achieved the most effective regulation, with the average nighttime temperature inside the greenhouse reaching 8.8℃, an increase of 15.8 % and 35.4 % compared to Cases 1 and 3, respectively. Moreover, the duration of the optimal temperature range in Case 2 extended to 3570 min. The composite humidity-regulating material reduced the relative humidity inside the greenhouse from nearly 100 % to 50–80 %, with the duration of the optimal humidity range in Case 2 increasing to 1660 min.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 128209"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A single-sensor leak localization method for high-temperature and high-pressure steam superheater pipes based on VMD-ARMA-SSMUSIC","authors":"Jianhao Sun ,&nbsp;Genshan Jiang ,&nbsp;Yu Jiang ,&nbsp;Hao Li ,&nbsp;Zishu Zhou ,&nbsp;Yuechao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate leak localization in high-temperature, high-pressure superheater pipes is critical for ensuring the safety and reliability of thermal power systems. However, strong background noise and complex wave propagation often limit the effectiveness of conventional methods. This study presents a novel approach combining variational mode decomposition (VMD) with an autoregressive moving average (ARMA)-based enhancement of the signal subspace scaled multiple signal classification (SSMUSIC) algorithm to improve single-point leak localization. The method exploits low-frequency propagation characteristics, where only three guided wave modes (L(0,1), T(0,1), and F(1,1)) with distinct group velocities are present and fluid–structure coupling is minimal. VMD effectively suppresses noise and isolates modal components, while ARMA modeling improves time-delay estimation by extracting residual signals. Validation through simulation, lead-breaking, and gas leakage experiments shows that the proposed method achieves relative localization errors below 5%, with a minimum error of approximately 2%, across varying angular positions, distances, and noise conditions. The results confirm the method’s robustness, accuracy, and practical applicability for real-time leak detection in extreme thermal environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 128210"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dual-layer control strategy during energy storage process for the thermal power plant integrated with thermal energy storage systems","authors":"Zhu Wang ,&nbsp;Hui Yan ,&nbsp;Yongliang Zhao ,&nbsp;Daotong Chong ,&nbsp;Ming Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of thermal energy storages with thermal power plants presents a promising approach of improving frequency regulation ability. However, conventional coordinated control strategies are limited in addressing the expanded regulatory parameters introduced by thermal energy storage integration. Here, a dual-layer coordinated control strategy is proposed to achieve the frequency regulation of thermal power plants integrated with thermal energy storage, thereby enhancing operational flexibility and efficiency. The upper layer executes load command reconstruction based on the effective working ability of steam extraction, while the lower layer dynamically revises regulatory parameters through adaptive adjustments according to heat distribution variations. The feasibility of the proposed control strategy under various integration methods is evaluated using a 660 MW double-reheat power plant integrated molten salt thermal heat storage. Furthermore, comparative analyses of frequency regulation potential and efficiency are conducted. Frequency regulation potential is the strongest when the extraction steam point is located at the inlet of intermediate-pressure cylinder, achieving a peak load down rate of 8.5 % THA·min⁻¹. The standard coal consumption rate decreases with the extraction steam ratio, with a maximum decrease of 19.0 g·kWh⁻¹. Notably, the extraction steam ratio exerts a stronger effect on system efficiency than the extraction steam point. The proposed dual-layer control strategy enables the frequency regulation process in thermal power plants assisted by thermal energy storage, thereby enhancing the flexibility. This work provides supports for grid de-carbonization, and points to future research, including applying machine learning for predictive parameters and incorporating dynamic electricity prices to maximize operational benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 128202"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic modeling and control strategy study for a natural circulation small lead-cooled fast reactor with supercritical CO2 recompression Brayton cycle system","authors":"Xi Bai,&nbsp;Zicheng Wang,&nbsp;Yun Feng,&nbsp;LinFeng Wu,&nbsp;Peiwei Sun,&nbsp;Xinyu Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel natural-circulation small lead-cooled fast reactor with the supercritical CO₂ (SCO₂) recompression Brayton cycle is designed, featuring unique operation characteristics and control strategies that remain unexplored. To address this, the dynamic model is developed based on conservation equations and validated with experimental data. Steady-state and transient characteristics analysis reveals that the responses of the Brayton cycle are faster than those of the reactor system to different disturbances, and the parameter response amplitude has a nonlinear relationship with power load. Control strategies are proposed using the relative gain array method. The controllers for the core inlet temperature, SCO₂ outlet temperature at the cooler, and electrical power are designed, and the controller parameters are tuned. The typical working conditions are simulated to test the control performance. For the electrical power setpoint 5 % full power (FP) step decrease, the overshoot of the electrical power is less than 0.2 %, and the largest fluctuation of temperature is less than 3.83 K. For the electrical power setpoint ramp variations from 100 % FP to 90 % FP and from 100 % FP to 50 % FP, the overshoot of the electrical power is less than 0.1 %. Moreover, the largest fluctuation of temperature is at most 2.06 K.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 128230"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the thermodynamic behavior and optimization strategy in core compression system for variable cycle engine","authors":"Qiaodan Luo,&nbsp;Shengfeng Zhao,&nbsp;Haoran Wang,&nbsp;Jiangbin Zhao,&nbsp;Ge Han,&nbsp;Xingen Lu,&nbsp;Junqiang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The variable cycle engines (VCE) are critical for next-generation aviation due to their multi-mission adaptability. The variable cycle core compression system (VCCCS), characterized by its unique bypass design and multi-mode capabilities, has emerged as one of the core components in the VCE. However, its novel design concept present significant challenges for analyzing the flow mechanisms and conducting rapid optimization. To address these challenges, this research proposes a component-wise energy loss method using the First Law of Thermodynamics. By deconstructing the thermal processes, the evolution of energy losses in various components are elucidated. Meanwhile, a new feasible workspace determination method has been developed, which comprehensively considers the coupling effects of inlet flow and bypass ratio, addressing the issue of traditional instability boundary determination methods being inapplicable in multi-bypass scenarios. Through an analysis of the secondary flow, the flow instability mechanisms under different modes are clarified. In response to the variable mode requirements, an optimization framework is developed by establishing direct mapping of performance to parameters. The framework achieves efficient optimization of the performance by combining the XGBoost model with advanced genetic algorithm. These approaches offer new insights into loss mechanisms and optimization, advancing the development of next-generation aviation power systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 128231"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical and numerical transient thermal investigation for oil wells plugging and abandonment","authors":"Ernandes J.G. Nascimento ,&nbsp;Gabriel S. de Andrade ,&nbsp;Elisan dos Santos Magalhães ,&nbsp;Luis Carlos Marques Pires","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The innovative concept of thermite Plugging and Abandonment (thermite P&amp;A) is designed to enhance cost-effectiveness and reliability in the permanent sealing of oil wells. This technique relies on a controlled exothermic reaction between aluminum powder (Al) and iron (III) oxide (Fe₂O₃), generating sufficient heat to trigger phase change phenomena and melt structural components of the borehole. However, the associated thermal interactions remain insufficiently investigated. The present study is focused on predicting the heat conduction and phase change phenomena within a multi-layered cylindrical domain through analytical and numerical methods. Initially, the Distributed Transfer Function Method (DTFM) was applied to a one-dimensional radial analysis. The study was then extended to two-dimensional axisymmetric simulations using the Finite Volume Method (FVM), incorporating heat conduction, phase change, molten metal flow, and gravity effects. The enthalpy method, with a mushy zone approach, was used to compute liquid fractions, and the molten steel velocity field revealed convection effects, with a peak velocity of ∼ 1.8 cm/s. Temperature results showed that, while the cement acted as a thermal barrier preserving the cap rock, it experienced temperatures above 300 °C, risking structural damage. The findings offer valuable insights into thermite P&amp;A and highlight the robustness of analytical frameworks in modern engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 128203"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of thermally induced vibration mechanism and response characteristics of solar array for high earth orbit satellite","authors":"Yang Xu ,&nbsp;Yang Xu ,&nbsp;Guosheng Xie ,&nbsp;Chun Cao ,&nbsp;Xianbo Yin ,&nbsp;Li Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the entry into and exit from Earth’s shadow, solar arrays of high earth orbit (HEO) satellites are subjected to drastic thermal load fluctuations, readily inducing thermally induced vibrations, which compromise attitude control precision and mission stability. Addressing the prevalent shortcomings in existing models, such as neglecting the complex HEO thermal environment, photovoltaic conversion effects, and thermal inertia interactions between components, this study establishes a direct thermal-structural coupling model incorporating photovoltaic conversion, three-dimensional thermal radiation effects, and inter-component thermal inertia, based on the actual HEO external heat flux environment. The coupled mechanism of thermally induced vibration is revealed through temperature field distribution characteristics, with focus placed on the thermally induced vibration response during shadow entry/exit, while the regulatory role of the photovoltaic effect on the temperature field and vibration is quantified. Results demonstrate that under the baseline condition, considering 30 % photovoltaic conversion efficiency, temperature transients during shadow entry/exit excite the first-order bending mode. Three-dimensional thermal radiation and inter-component thermal lag exacerbate temperature field non-uniformity, thereby amplifying the thermally induced vibration response, resulting in significantly higher vibration amplitudes upon shadow exit compared to shadow entry. Compared to scenarios neglecting photovoltaic conversion, the baseline case shows reductions of 12 K and 11 K in the sun-facing side and shade-facing side temperatures, respectively. The vibration amplitudes during shadow entry and exit decrease by approximately 25 % and 26 %, respectively, and steady-state thermal deformation is reduced by about 24 %. Moreover, a comparative analysis under different photovoltaic conversion efficiency parameters indicates that the amplitude of thermally induced vibration exhibits a nonlinear attenuation behavior with the linear increase of conversion efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 128233"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal thermo-energy performance of a triple-glazing window with PCM in Southeast Mexico","authors":"A. Rodriguez-Ake ,&nbsp;I. Zavala-Guillén ,&nbsp;D. Barrera-Román ,&nbsp;I. Hernández–Pérez ,&nbsp;Y. Olazo-Gómez ,&nbsp;M. Che-Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phase-change materials (PCMs) integrated into multi-pane windows can reduce building energy consumption and improve thermal comfort by increasing energy storage capacity. In this study, three window configurations with PCMs (TGP-1, TGP-2, and TGP-3) were thermally evaluated and compared with a conventional triple-pane (TG) window. The evaluation was performed for each season’s warmest and coldest days, which were selected based on the ambient temperature. A numerical code was developed in C<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> based on the finite volume method to model the transient heat transfer in windows. For the modeling, we used meteorological variables (solar radiation, ambient temperature, and wind velocity) of Mérida, Yucatán, for the boundary conditions. We found that the TGP-3 reduced heat fluxes through it by up to 37.4 % regarding TG on the warmest day of spring. Furthermore, the annual electricity consumption cost and CO₂ emissions obtained by the TGP-3 (27.9 USD/m² and 281.2 kgCO₂e/m²) were 7.1 % lower than those of TG. Furthermore, the TGP-3 exhibited satisfactory dynamic thermal performance in the spring and summer; therefore, it is recommended to be used in these seasons. And for autumn and winter seasons, it is proposed to combine this configuration with technologies that reduce direct solar radiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 128060"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel hybrid biogas–solar-driven energy system integrated with carbon capture for multi-generation: Machine learning-based technical, economic, and environmental optimization","authors":"Lu Liu ,&nbsp;Hakim S. Sultan Aljibori ,&nbsp;Amal Abdulrahman ,&nbsp;Sarminah Samad ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang ,&nbsp;Haitham Osman ,&nbsp;Ahmadjon Abdujabbarov ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Mahariq","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing global demand for clean energy, freshwater, and hydrogen—alongside the urgent need to reduce carbon emissions—necessitates the development of efficient multi-generation systems. However, existing solutions often suffer from limited resource coupling, inefficient energy recovery, and high environmental and operational costs. This research introduces an innovative hybrid biogas–solar-driven multi-energy system capable of simultaneously generating electricity, freshwater, hydrogen, and cooling, while integrating post-combustion carbon capture (CC) to mitigate CO₂ emissions. The system combines an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and a Kalina cycle (KC) to enhance power generation from biogas, while utilizing waste heat through an ejector refrigeration cycle (ERC) and a humidification–dehumidification (HDH) unit. To enhance environmental sustainability, the system integrates a solar-assisted monoethanolamine (MEA)-based CC unit, effectively mitigating CO₂ emissions and minimizing the system’s carbon footprint. Thermodynamic, economic, and environmental analyses are carried out, supported by sensitivity and parametric studies. The baseline results indicate that the system produces 2,350 kW of electricity with a levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of 10.74 cents/kWh. Integrating parabolic trough solar collectors (PTSCs) into the CC process provides renewable heat for solvent regeneration, reducing fossil fuel dependency and enhancing cost-effectiveness. Additionally, decreasing the lean/rich heat exchanger temperature difference from 15 K to 5 K lowers reboiler duty from 3.6 to 2.95 MJ/kg CO₂ and reduces LCOE. Given the complexity of system interactions, a machine learning-based optimization method—integrating genetic algorithm (GA) with artificial neural networks (ANNs)—is employed to determine optimal design parameters. The optimized system reduces the payback period from 6.09 to 4.65 years and increases the net present value (NPV) from $12.55 million to $15.09 million over a 20-year lifetime.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 128232"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}