Applied Thermal Engineering最新文献

{"title":"A new cooling jacket with periodic cross-sectional channels and microencapsulated phase change slurry for enhancing thermal management of power batteries","authors":"Guojun Yu,&nbsp;Yanjie Zhou,&nbsp;Huyu Li,&nbsp;Huijin Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Power batteries face significant challenges with heat management due to rapid heat generation and high operational temperatures. Improving cooling efficiency is an ongoing goal, as traditional methods, such as passive and basic liquid cooling systems, often fall short in fully addressing these thermal management needs. To address this, this paper proposes an innovative battery cooling jacket that combines periodic variable cross-section channels with microencapsulated phase change slurry (MEPCS). The design philosophy of this cooling jacket is to enhance the convective heat transfer between the cooling liquid and the battery through the periodic variable cross-section channels, while the use of microencapsulated slurry increases the thermal capacity of the cooling medium. To explores the effects of structural parameters (such as channel height and flow passage spacing) and physical parameters of the slurry (such as mass fraction of capsules and flow rate) on the cooling performance for optimization purpose, a three-dimensional physical model of the cooling jacket system with integrated liquid cooling channels is established and validated. Using this validated model, the study analyzes the impact of various parameters on cooling performance. The results demonstrate that optimizing channel height, and slurry parameters can significantly enhance cooling efficiency. Specifically, there are optimal values for these parameters that maximize performance, while deviations from these values can reduce effectiveness. The proposed battery cooling jacket and the associated research provide a new perspective for enhancing power battery cooling systems. This approach introduces significant advancements in thermal management, offering valuable insights and practical implications for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of cooling solutions in new energy vehicles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 126766"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cooling design and optimization of a novel swirl-stabilized trapped vortex combustor with compound-angled effusion cooling configuration","authors":"Xuanwu Chen ,&nbsp;Tao Gui ,&nbsp;Qinghua Zeng ,&nbsp;Jun Tang ,&nbsp;Pengfu Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Swirl-stabilized trapped vortex combustors (STVC) are promising for high-temperature-rise (HTR) combustors but reliable thermal protection under high fuel-to-air ratio remains a key challenge. Although compound-angled effusion cooling performs well in simplified setups, its effect in STVCs under realistic HTR conditions remains insufficiently explored. This study proposes a novel STVC with compound-angled effusion cooling configuration to enhance cooling effectiveness and optimize combustor wall temperatures. Numerical simulations, verified by experiments, were employed to investigate the flow, combustion, and wall temperature characteristics under different compound-angled effusion cooling configurations. The results reveal that compound-angle cooling jets significantly influence the vortex stability in the cavity, enhancing cooling performance on the outer liner through a film-stacking effect while disrupting the trapped vortex in the cavity. By optimizing the cooling configuration based on these insights, the maximum wall temperature was reduced by 528 K compared to the baseline design. The key innovation of this study lies in the integration of swirl-stabilized trapped vortex combustion with compound-angled effusion cooling, providing an effective solution for thermal protection in HTR combustors and offering guidance for advanced combustor cooling design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 126746"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and performance evaluation for solar thermoelectric generator with variable-temperature heat sink","authors":"Congzheng Qi ,&nbsp;Lingen Chen ,&nbsp;Huijun Feng ,&nbsp;Yanlin Ge ,&nbsp;Xubing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To explore the spatial variation pattern of temperature field in solar thermoelectric generator device with continuous fluid heat sink and the effect of thermoelectric element arrangement on device performance, this study develops a three-dimensional model for solar thermoelectric generator with variable-temperature heat sink that can be solved numerically. Considering external thermal resistances, radiation and convection losses of collector, Fourier heat leakage, air gap leakage and Thomson effect, the energy conservation equations, power and efficiency expressions are derived by combining heat transfer theory and non-equilibrium thermodynamics. The operating temperature and cooling water temperature distributions along flow direction are obtained by using differential element method. Impacts of meteorological conditions, operating parameters and geometric parameters on system performance are analyzed in detail. The variation of optimal performance in a day is simulated based on the solar irradiation observed in summer, and the economy of device is also discussed. Results indicate that the primary thermal resistance of device is concentrated at the convection heat transfer process of cooler, and cooling water temperature and operating temperatures increase linearly along the flow direction. As flow channel length increases, the corresponding power increases, while efficiency decreases. An optimal combination of fill factor and electrical current exists to maximize power and efficiency, which can reach 596.22 <em>W</em> and 4.98 % at noon, respectively. The payback period of device is approximately 3.55 years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 126770"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic and environmental feasibility analysis of a photovoltaic thermal system with passive cooling techniques, nanofluid, and phase changing materials","authors":"Hariam Luqman Azeez ,&nbsp;Adnan Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Jędrzej Kasprzak ,&nbsp;Banw Omer Ahmed ,&nbsp;Ali H.A. Al-Waeli ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Jaber","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The economic and environmental assessment of photovoltaic systems incorporating passive cooling techniques, nanofluids, and nanophase change materials for thermal storage has been poorly addressed in the literature. This study undertakes a detailed feasibility analysis based on data from experiments with seven photovoltaic modules. Initially, these systems are numerically modeled to assess their annual energy production, followed by an analysis of cumulative energy demand using the Ecoinvent 3 database. Data on the total input and output energy of the modules enables a detailed numerical economic evaluation, while environmental impacts are rigorously examined using SimaPro, applying the ReCiPe 2016 and IPCC 2013 methodologies. The findings reveal substantial annual total (electrical and thermal) energy production increase of 446.5 % to 592.2 % compared to a bare photovoltaic system, with corresponding cumulative energy demand raise of 4.97 % to 9.93 %. All systems exhibit cost-effectiveness, showing improvements of 1.75 % to 14.13 % in electricity costs, along with 4.19 % to 15.93 % in levelized cost of exergy. They recoup their initial energy investments within 70.21 % to 58.07 % of their respective lifetimes. While these modules contribute to minor environmental issues, including fine particulate matter formation (6.4 % increase), human nano-carcinogenic toxicity (7.02 % increase), and global warming impacts (10.83 % increase), human carcinogenic toxicity (18.84 % increase), CO₂ emissions ranging from 565.8 kg to 627.4 kg (mostly attributed to the battery, inverter, PV, and pumps), they also prevent 181 kg to 1,254 kg of CO₂ from emissions throughout their life cycles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 126782"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation on gradient liquid cooling plate of lithium-ion battery pack","authors":"Jiangwei Shen ,&nbsp;Shuai Yu ,&nbsp;Shiquan Shen ,&nbsp;Yonggang Liu ,&nbsp;Xuelei Xia ,&nbsp;Fuxing Wei ,&nbsp;Zheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The heat dissipation system of lithium-ion battery (LIB) pack is essential for ensuring its longevity and operational safety. However, the coolant flow within the system leads to a gradual accumulation of heat, causing the coolant temperature to increase along the flow direction. This phenomenon results in uneven temperature distribution within the LIB module, which affects the cooling efficiency and the stability of the LIB. To address this challenge, this study introduces a gradient structure design (GSD) and establishes a liquid cooling experimental platform for validation. Comparative experiments are conducted between the GSD and the conventional non-gradient structure to evaluate the cooling performance. Additionally, numerical simulations are performed to investigate the effects of coolant inlet flow rate, cold plate height gradient, and length gradient on the thermal performance of the LIB module. The results demonstrate that, compared to the conventional non-gradient structure, the GSD reduces the maximum temperature and the temperature difference by 5.08 % and 23.56 %, respectively. Moreover, increasing the cold plate height gradient progressively reduces both the maximum temperature and temperature difference, with a stabilization occurring at the height gradient interval of 5 mm. Compared with the uniform gradient structure, the optimized reinforced end structure achieves a 1.29 % reduction in peak temperature and an 8.63 % decrease in temperature difference, significantly improving the temperature uniformity and heat dissipation performance of the LIB module.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 126789"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vibration-induced heat transfer enhancement in additively manufactured Kelvin metal foam","authors":"Yifan Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoxia Sun ,&nbsp;Linrui Li ,&nbsp;Huifang Kang ,&nbsp;Lili Shen ,&nbsp;Ming Mao ,&nbsp;Shen Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compact porous media heat exchanger presents a promising solution for advanced thermal management in vehicles. However, their heat transfer performance under inevitably vibration conditions is not yet well understood. In this regard, this paper studies the heat transfer enhancement mechanisms of Kelvin metal foam heat exchanger induced by vibration via experiments and pore scale simulations. An 80 mm × 270 mm × 210 mm full scale Kelvin metal foam heat exchanger was fabricated using AlSi10Mg powder through selected laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing. The effect of vibration amplitude and frequency on its performance was experimentally studied using a wind tunnel with a vibration platform. Results indicate that (i) vibration can improve the performance of the heat exchanger, with a maximum effective heat transfer coefficient (<em>EHTC</em>) of 1.56 kW/(m²·K), a 13.93 % increase over the 1.37 kW/(m²·K) observed without vibration; (ii) The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) reveals that amplitude and frequency similarly affect its heat transfer performance within the vibration range of 1–5 mm and 20–40 Hz; (iii) Vibration enhances heat transfer by breaking the flow boundary layer. The heat transfer coefficient varies periodically with vibration and increases as vibration amplitude rises. Notably, the change frequency of heat transfer coefficient is twice that of the vibration frequency. This work quantitatively analyzes how vibration improves the performance of metal foam heat exchanger and offers significant data reference for their practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 126767"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of dynamic characteristics on the performance of a free-piston Stirling heat-driven cooler","authors":"Hang-Suin Yang,&nbsp;Shu-Yi Kuan,&nbsp;Muhammad Aon Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A duplex-type free-piston Stirling heat-driven cooler (FPSHC) integrates a free-piston Stirling engine with a free-piston Stirling cooler. An FPSHC can simultaneously provide cooling capacity, heating capacity, and electrical power using external heat sources. In this study, a model is proposed to analyse the performance of FPSHCs. The model simulates the variations in the thermal properties of the working fluid within the FPSHC. The temperature distribution along the system’s wall boundary is constructed, and the volume variations in the working space are determined by solving the equations of motion for the displacers and piston. The model predicts performance parameters, including the phase angle and amplitude of the moving parts, operating frequency, cooling capacity, cooling temperature, and coefficient of performance (COP) of the FPSHC. Additionally, the effects of the natural frequency of the displacers and piston on the FPSHC’s performance are studied. The results show that the maximum COP can reach 0.1 as the natural frequency of the engine’s displacer is 25.52 Hz. To validate the proposed model, a prototype FPSHC is tested. Experimental results indicate that the FPSHC can achieve a cooling temperature of 259 K at a helium pressure of 4 bar and a heating temperature of 723 K. Furthermore, the cooling capacity, COP, and second-law efficiency of the FPSHC can reach 60 W, 0.107, and 25.8 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 126795"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic and parameter analysis of a zero-carbon emission PEMFC system for coalbed methane reforming","authors":"Aixiang Xu ,&nbsp;Qi Yang ,&nbsp;Lanxiang Yang ,&nbsp;Wei Huang ,&nbsp;Ruyuan Fan ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Liu ,&nbsp;Sheng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a novel zero-carbon emission proton exchange membrane fuel cell system is developed for coalbed methane recovery. Coalbed methane reforming produces hydrogen, which is supplied to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell subsystem. The carbon dioxide produced in the process is used to produce urea, thus realizing carbon capture and utilization. The system can effectively control carbon dioxide emissions while realizing efficient and clean utilization of coalbed methane. A thermodynamic model for the proposed system is presented. The effects of five key operating parameters, namely steam methane reforming operating temperature, steam to carbon ratio, current density synthesis tower operating temperature and pressure, on the coupled system are analyzed. The results indicate that the total energy efficiency of the proposed system is 41.17 %. The subsystem with the highest energy destruction is coalbed methane recovery with 189.22 kW. The exergy destruction is concentrated in three components, Cathode, Urea synthesis tower, and Ammonia synthesis tower, which accounted for 20.71 %, 17.13 %, and 13.36 %, respectively. Through parameter analysis, the coupled system is currently recommended for steam methane reforming temperature, steam carbon ratio, current density, operating temperature, and operating pressure of 800 °C, 3.5, 0.8 A/cm², 200 °C, and 225 bar, respectively. The main results of this study can provide a guiding direction for the development of a sustainable integrated system for hydrogen production from coalbed methane reforming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 126761"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of interfacial selectivity on heat transport at multi-interfaces in AlGaN/GaN FinFET","authors":"Baoyi Hu ,&nbsp;Wenlong Bao ,&nbsp;Zhaoliang Wang ,&nbsp;Dawei Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With continued transistor scaling and rising power densities, thermal management has become a critical challenge in modern electronic devices. In particular, hotspot formation and interfacial thermal resistance are two major factors limiting efficient heat dissipation. While previous studies have examined hotspot-induced nonequilibrium effects and interfacial phonon scattering separately, the coupling between localized hotspots and interfacial transport remains insufficiently explored. This study focuses on AlGaN/GaN FinFETs and their internal interfaces, employing the multitemperature model (MTM) and the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) to investigate nonequilibrium and ballistic thermal transport mechanisms. A novel specific thermal resistance decomposition method is developed to quantitatively separate intrinsic, nonequilibrium, and ballistic contributions to specific thermal resistance, enabling a more mechanistic understanding of phonon transport behavior. Our results reveal that the selective excitation of hotspots and the interfacial selectivity are key contributors to nonequilibrium and ballistic effects. Specifically, while the Au/GaN interface preferentially transmits low-frequency phonons, hotspots predominantly excite high-frequency phonons. This spectral mismatch suppresses interfacial heat transfer, and due to interfacial selectivity, the influence of hotspots seldom extends across the interface. Notably, at locations near the interface, the influence of the hotspot is significantly weakened, both in terms of nonequilibrium transport and ballistic transport, highlighting the critical role of interfacial selectivity in hotspot thermal transport. Device-level simulations further demonstrate that ballistic transport impedes heat dissipation near the hotspot, exacerbating local nonequilibrium and elevating peak temperatures. This work systematically analyzes the interplay between selective excitation and interfacial selectivity in the AlGaN/GaN FinFET, and introduce a novel decomposition methodology to isolate ballistic and nonequilibrium effects in specific thermal resistance. These insights offer a new direction for understanding and regulating thermal transport in nanoscale FETs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 126775"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal and flow effects of corner rounding in rarefied hypersonic step flows","authors":"Moslem Sabouri ,&nbsp;Elyas Lekzian","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the effects of corner rounding on the rarefied hypersonic flow over forward steps. The impact of upper corner and upper-lower corner rounding of step on the vortex structure, flow, and wall properties are investigated at different Knudsen and Mach numbers. Considering that previous studies mainly focused on sharp-edged steps, the novelty of present study lies in investigating the corner rounding influences on flow and surface parameters, especially the vortex dynamics and thermal loads. Results indicate that rounding the step corner(s) reduces the vortex size, the flow-field hot spot temperature, and the maximum pressure and heat transfer coefficients on the wall. Upper-lower corners rounding can eliminate the vortex at sufficiently high rounding radii. The vortex vanishes at lower rounding radii as the Knudsen number increases. Higher Knudsen numbers lead to increased surface pressure and heat transfer coefficients and smaller vortices at a constant rounding radius. The results indicate that the maximum wall heat transfer coefficient is more sensitive to step rounding under less rarefied conditions. Conversely, the hot spot temperature within the domain is more sensitive to step corner rounding at higher Knudsen numbers. Higher Mach numbers lead to enhanced heat transfer and pressure coefficients. The peak surface heat transfer and pressure coefficients exhibit more sensitivity to rounding radius at higher Mach numbers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 126763"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}