Annual review of physiology最新文献_第8页

Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Kidney and Cardiovascular Function. SGLT2抑制剂对肾脏和心血管功能的影响。

IF 18.2 1区医学

Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-095920

Volker Vallon, Subodh Verma

{"title":"Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Kidney and Cardiovascular Function.","authors":"Volker Vallon, Subodh Verma","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-095920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-095920","url":null,"abstract":"SGLT2 inhibitors are antihyperglycemic drugs that protect kidneys and the heart of patients with or without type 2 diabetes and preserved or reduced kidney function from failing. The involved protective mechanisms include blood glucose-dependent and -independent mechanisms: SGLT2 inhibitors prevent both hyper- and hypoglycemia, with expectedly little net effect on HbA1C. Metabolic adaptations to induced urinary glucose loss include reduced fat mass and more ketone bodies as additional fuel. SGLT2 inhibitors lower glomerular capillary hypertension and hyperfiltration, thereby reducing the physical stress on the filtration barrier, albuminuria, and the oxygen demand for tubular reabsorption. This improves cortical oxygenation, which, together with lesser tubular gluco-toxicity, may preserve tubular function and glomerular filtration rate in the long term. SGLT2 inhibitors may mimic systemic hypoxia and stimulate erythropoiesis, which improves organ oxygen delivery. SGLT2 inhibitors are proximal tubule and osmotic diuretics that reduce volume retention and blood pressure and preserve heart function, potentially in part by overcoming the resistance to diuretics and atrial-natriuretic-peptide and inhibiting Na-H exchangers and sympathetic tone.","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"83 ","pages":"503-528"},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-095920","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10292438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 136

Regulation of Mitochondrial Ca²⁺ Uptake. 线粒体Ca2+摄取的调控。

IF 18.2 1区医学

Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-031920-092419

Elizabeth Murphy, Charles Steenbergen

引用次数: 17

Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels in Nonexcitable Tissues. 非可控组织中的电压门控钙通道

IF 15.7 1区医学

Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2021-02-10 Epub Date: 2020-10-26 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-091043

Geoffrey S Pitt, Maiko Matsui, Chike Cao

{"title":"Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels in Nonexcitable Tissues.","authors":"Geoffrey S Pitt, Maiko Matsui, Chike Cao","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-091043","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-091043","url":null,"abstract":"The identification of a gain-of-function mutation in CACNA1C as the cause of Timothy syndrome, a rare disorder characterized by cardiac arrhythmias and syndactyly, highlighted roles for the L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channel CaV1.2 in nonexcitable cells. Previous studies in cells and animal models had suggested that several voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) regulated critical signaling events in various cell types that are not expected to support action potentials, but definitive data were lacking. VGCCs occupy a special position among ion channels, uniquely able to translate membrane excitability into the cytoplasmic Ca2+ changes that underlie the cellular responses to electrical activity. Yet how these channels function in cells not firing action potentials and what the consequences of their actions are in nonexcitable cells remain critical questions. The development of new animal and cellular models and the emergence of large data sets and unbiased genome screens have added to our understanding of the unanticipated roles for VGCCs in nonexcitable cells. Here, we review current knowledge of VGCC regulation and function in nonexcitable tissues and cells, with the goal of providing a platform for continued investigation.","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"83 ","pages":"183-203"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8281591/pdf/nihms-1721949.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9142589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hedgehog Signaling in Intestinal Development and Homeostasis. 刺猬信号在肠道发育和稳态中的作用

IF 15.7 1区医学

Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2021-02-10 Epub Date: 2020-10-09 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-094324

Katherine D Walton, Deborah L Gumucio

引用次数: 0

Diapause. 滞育。

IF 18.2 1区医学

Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2021-02-09 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv19fvz3n.10

M. Renfree, G. Shaw

{"title":"Diapause.","authors":"M. Renfree, G. Shaw","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv19fvz3n.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv19fvz3n.10","url":null,"abstract":"Embryonic diapause, or delayed implantation as it is sometimes known, is said to occur when the conceptus enters a state of suspended animation at the blastocyst stage of development. Blastocysts may either cease cell division so that their size and cell numbers remain constant, or undergo a period of very slow growth with minimal cell division and expansion. Diapause has independently evolved on many occasions. There are almost 100 mammals in seven different mammalian orders that undergo diapause. In some groups, such as rodents, kangaroos, and mustelids, it is widespread, whereas others such as the Artiodactyla have only a single representative (the roe deer). In each family the characteristics of diapause differ, and the specific controls vary widely from lactational to seasonal, from estrogen to progesterone, or from photoperiod to nutritional. Prolactin is a key hormone controlling the endocrine milieu of diapause in many species, but paradoxically it may act either to stimulate or inhibit growth and activity of the corpus luteum. Whatever the species-specific mechanisms, the ecological result of diapause is one of synchronization: It effectively lengthens the active gestation period, which allows mating to occur and young to be born at times of the year optimal for that species.","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"62 1","pages":"353-75"},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2021-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43874464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 140

Why Lungs Keep Time: Circadian Rhythms and Lung Immunity. 为什么肺保持时间:昼夜节律和肺免疫。

IF 18.2 1区医学

Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2020-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034602

Charles Nosal, Anna Ehlers, J. Haspel

{"title":"Why Lungs Keep Time: Circadian Rhythms and Lung Immunity.","authors":"Charles Nosal, Anna Ehlers, J. Haspel","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034602","url":null,"abstract":"Circadian rhythms are daily cycles in biological function that are ubiquitous in nature. Understood as a means for organisms to anticipate daily environmental changes, circadian rhythms are also important for orchestrating complex biological processes such as immunity. Nowhere is this more evident than in the respiratory system, where circadian rhythms in inflammatory lung disease have been appreciated since ancient times. In this focused review we examine how emerging research on circadian rhythms is being applied to the study of fundamental lung biology and respiratory disease. We begin with a general introduction to circadian rhythms and the molecular circadian clock that underpins them. We then focus on emerging data tying circadian clock function to immunologic activities within the respiratory system. We conclude by considering outstanding questions about biological timing in the lung and how a better command of chronobiology could inform our understanding of complex lung diseases. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 82 is February 10, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034602","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42821318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 33

New Approaches to Target Inflammation in Heart Failure: Harnessing Insights from Studies of Immune Cell Diversity. 针对心力衰竭炎症的新方法：利用免疫细胞多样性研究的见解。

IF 18.2 1区医学

Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2020-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034412

A. J. Rhee, K. Lavine

{"title":"New Approaches to Target Inflammation in Heart Failure: Harnessing Insights from Studies of Immune Cell Diversity.","authors":"A. J. Rhee, K. Lavine","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034412","url":null,"abstract":"Despite mounting evidence implicating inflammation in cardiovascular diseases, attempts at clinical translation have shown mixed results. Recent preclinical studies have reenergized this field and provided new insights into how to favorably modulate cardiac macrophage function in the context of acute myocardial injury and chronic disease. In this review, we discuss the origins and roles of cardiac macrophage populations in the steady-state and diseased heart, focusing on the human heart and mouse models of ischemia, hypertensive heart disease, and aortic stenosis. Specific attention is given to delineating the roles of tissue-resident and recruited monocyte-derived macrophage subsets. We also highlight emerging concepts of monocyte plasticity and heterogeneity among monocyte-derived macrophages, describe possible mechanisms by which infiltrating monocytes acquire unique macrophage fates, and discuss the putative impact of these populations on cardiac remodeling. Finally, we discuss strategies to target inflammatory macrophage populations. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 82 is February 10, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034412","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43888543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Diurnal Regulation of Renal Electrolyte Excretion: The Role of Paracrine Factors. 肾脏电解质排泄的昼夜调节：旁分泌因子的作用。

IF 18.2 1区医学

Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2020-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034446

Dingguo Zhang, D. Pollock

{"title":"Diurnal Regulation of Renal Electrolyte Excretion: The Role of Paracrine Factors.","authors":"Dingguo Zhang, D. Pollock","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034446","url":null,"abstract":"Many physiological processes, including most kidney-related functions, follow specific rhythms tied to a 24-h cycle. This is largely because circadian genes operate in virtually every cell type in the body. In addition, many noncanonical genes have intrinsic circadian rhythms, especially within the liver and kidney. This new level of complexity applies to the control of renal electrolyte excretion. Furthermore, there is growing evidence that paracrine and autocrine factors, especially the endothelin system, are regulated by clock genes. We have known for decades that excretion of electrolytes is dependent on time of day, which could play an important role in fluid volume balance and blood pressure control. Here, we review what is known about the interplay between paracrine and circadian control of electrolyte excretion. The hope is that recognition of paracrine and circadian factors can be considered more deeply in the future when integrating with well-established neuroendocrine control of excretion. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 82 is February 10, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034446","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49533357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Autophagy in Kidney Disease. 肾脏疾病中的自噬。

IF 18.2 1区医学

Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2020-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034658

Mary E. Choi

{"title":"Autophagy in Kidney Disease.","authors":"Mary E. Choi","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034658","url":null,"abstract":"Autophagy is a cellular homeostatic program for the turnover of cellular organelles and proteins, in which double-membraned vesicles (autophagosomes) sequester cytoplasmic cargos, which are subsequently delivered to the lysosome for degradation. Emerging evidence implicates autophagy as an important modulator of human disease. Macroautophagy and selective autophagy (e.g., mitophagy, aggrephagy) can influence cellular processes, including cell death, inflammation, and immune responses, and thereby exert both adaptive and maladaptive roles in disease pathogenesis. Autophagy has been implicated in acute kidney injury, which can arise in response to nephrotoxins, sepsis, and ischemia/reperfusion, and in chronic kidney diseases. The latter includes comorbidities of diabetes and recent evidence for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-associated kidney injury. Roles of autophagy in polycystic kidney disease and kidney cancer have also been described. Targeting the autophagy pathway may have therapeutic benefit in the treatment of kidney disorders. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 82 is February 10, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034658","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46784164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 82

Circadian Regulation of Cardiac Physiology: Rhythms That Keep the Heart Beating. 心脏生理的昼夜节律调节:保持心脏跳动的节律。

IF 18.2 1区医学

Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2020-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-020518-114349

Jianhua Zhang, J. Chatham, M. Young

{"title":"Circadian Regulation of Cardiac Physiology: Rhythms That Keep the Heart Beating.","authors":"Jianhua Zhang, J. Chatham, M. Young","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-020518-114349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-020518-114349","url":null,"abstract":"On Earth, all life is exposed to dramatic changes in the environment over the course of the day; consequently, organisms have evolved strategies to both adapt to and anticipate these 24-h oscillations. As a result, time of day is major regulator of mammalian physiology and processes, including transcription, signaling, metabolism, and muscle contraction, all of which oscillate over the course of the day. In particular, the heart is subject to wide fluctuations in energetic demand throughout the day as a result of waking, physical activity, and food intake patterns. Daily rhythms in cardiovascular function ensure that increased delivery of oxygen, nutrients, and endocrine factors to organs during the active period and the removal of metabolic by-products are in balance. Failure to maintain these physiologic rhythms invariably has pathologic consequences. This review highlights rhythms that underpin cardiac physiology. More specifically, we summarize the key aspects of cardiac physiology that oscillate over the course of the day and discuss potential mechanisms that regulate these 24-h rhythms. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 82 is February 10, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-physiol-020518-114349","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47000612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27