Annual review of physiology最新文献_第8页

Pericyte Control of Blood Flow Across Microvascular Zones in the Central Nervous System. 周细胞对中枢神经系统微血管区血流的控制。

IF 18.2 1区医学

Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2022-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-061121-040127

David A Hartmann, Vanessa Coelho-Santos, Andy Y Shih

{"title":"Pericyte Control of Blood Flow Across Microvascular Zones in the Central Nervous System.","authors":"David A Hartmann, Vanessa Coelho-Santos, Andy Y Shih","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-061121-040127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-061121-040127","url":null,"abstract":"The vast majority of the brain's vascular length is composed of capillaries, where our understanding of blood flow control remains incomplete. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the control of blood flow across microvascular zones by addressing issues with nomenclature and drawing on new developments from in vivo optical imaging and single-cell transcriptomics. Recent studies have highlighted important distinctions in mural cell morphology, gene expression, and contractile dynamics, which can explain observed differences in response to vasoactive mediators between arteriole, transitional, and capillary zones. Smooth muscle cells of arterioles and ensheathing pericytes of the arteriole-capillary transitional zone control large-scale, rapid changes in blood flow. In contrast, capillary pericytes downstream of the transitional zone act on slower and smaller scales and are involved in establishing resting capillary tone and flow heterogeneity. Many unresolved issues remain, including the vasoactive mediators that activate the different pericyte types in vivo, the role of pericyte-endothelial communication in conducting signals from capillaries to arterioles, and how neurological disease affects these mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"84 ","pages":"331-354"},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10480047/pdf/nihms-1928192.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10164449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 64

Extracellular Vesicles as Central Mediators of COPD Pathophysiology. 细胞外小泡是慢性阻塞性肺疾病病理生理学的核心介质。

IF 15.7 1区医学

Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2022-02-10 Epub Date: 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-061121-035838

Derek W Russell, Kristopher R Genschmer, J Edwin Blalock

{"title":"Extracellular Vesicles as Central Mediators of COPD Pathophysiology.","authors":"Derek W Russell, Kristopher R Genschmer, J Edwin Blalock","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-061121-035838","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-061121-035838","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex, heterogeneous, smoking-related disease of significant global impact. The complex biology of COPD is ultimately driven by a few interrelated processes, including proteolytic tissue remodeling, innate immune inflammation, derangements of the host-pathogen response, aberrant cellular phenotype switching, and cellular senescence, among others. Each of these processes are engendered and perpetuated by cells modulating their environment or each other. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are powerful effectors that allow cells to perform a diverse array of functions on both adjacent and distant tissues, and their pleiotropic nature is only beginning to be appreciated. As such, EVs are candidates to play major roles in these fundamental mechanisms of disease behind COPD. Furthermore, some such roles for EVs are already established, and EVs are implicated in significant aspects of COPD pathogenesis. Here, we discuss known and potential ways that EVs modulate the environment of their originating cells to contribute to the processes that underlie COPD.","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"84 ","pages":"631-654"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8831481/pdf/nihms-1769489.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9511220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Innate Bacteriostatic Mechanisms Defend the Urinary Tract. 先天抑菌机制保卫尿路

IF 18.2 1区医学

Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2022-02-10 Epub Date: 2021-11-15 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-052521-121810

Jose A Munoz, Anne-Catrin Uhlemann, Jonathan Barasch

引用次数: 0

AMPK and the Adaptation to Exercise. AMPK与运动适应。

IF 18.2 1区医学

Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2022-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-060721-095517

Hannah R Spaulding, Zhen Yan

引用次数: 34

Cerebral Vascular Dysfunctions Detected in Human Small Vessel Disease and Implications for Preclinical Studies. 在人类小血管疾病中检测到的脑血管功能障碍及其临床前研究的意义。

IF 18.2 1区医学

Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2022-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-060821-014521

Joanna M Wardlaw, Helene Benveniste, Anna Williams

{"title":"Cerebral Vascular Dysfunctions Detected in Human Small Vessel Disease and Implications for Preclinical Studies.","authors":"Joanna M Wardlaw, Helene Benveniste, Anna Williams","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-060821-014521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-060821-014521","url":null,"abstract":"Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is highly prevalent and a common cause of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and dementia, yet the pathophysiology is poorly understood. Its clinical expression is highly varied, and prognostic implications are frequently overlooked in clinics; thus, treatment is currently confined to vascular risk factor management. Traditionally, SVD is considered the small vessel equivalent of large artery stroke (occlusion, rupture), but data emerging from human neuroimaging and genetic studies refute this, instead showing microvessel endothelial dysfunction impacting on cell-cell interactions and leading to brain damage. These dysfunctions reflect defects that appear to be inherited and secondary to environmental exposures, including vascular risk factors. Interrogation in preclinical models shows consistent and converging molecular and cellular interactions across the endothelial-glial-neural unit that increasingly explain the human macroscopic observations and identify common patterns of pathology despite different triggers. Importantly, these insights may offer new targets for therapeutic intervention focused on restoring endothelial-glial physiology.","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"84 ","pages":"409-434"},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9311507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Sour Taste. 酸味的细胞和分子基础。

IF 18.2 1区医学

Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2022-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-060121-041637

Heather N Turner, Emily R Liman

引用次数: 9

Mitochondrial H⁺ Leak and Thermogenesis. 线粒体H+泄漏与产热。

IF 18.2 1区医学

Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2022-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034405

Ambre M Bertholet, Yuriy Kirichok

引用次数: 19

Epigenetic Signatures and Plasticity of Intestinal and Other Stem Cells. 肠和其他干细胞的表观遗传特征和可塑性。

IF 18.2 1区医学

Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034520

Madhurima Saxena, Ramesh A Shivdasani

{"title":"Epigenetic Signatures and Plasticity of Intestinal and Other Stem Cells.","authors":"Madhurima Saxena, Ramesh A Shivdasani","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034520","url":null,"abstract":"The cardinal properties of adult tissue stem cells are self-renewal and the ability to generate diverse resident cell types. The daily losses of terminally differentiated intestinal, skin, and blood cells require \"professional\" stem cells to produce replacements. This occurs by continuous expansion of stem cells and their immediate progeny, followed by coordinated activation of divergent transcriptional programs to generate stable cells with diverse functions. Other tissues turn over slowly, if at all, and vary widely in strategies for facultative stem cell activity or interconversion among mature resident cell types (transdifferentiation). Cell fate potential is programmed in tissue-specific configurations of chromatin, which restrict the complement of available genes and cis-regulatory elements, hence allowing specific cell types to arise. Using as a model the transcriptional and chromatin basis of cell differentiation and dedifferentiation in intestinal crypts, we discuss here how self-renewing and other tissues execute homeostatic and injury-responsive stem cell activity.","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"83 ","pages":"405-427"},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034520","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9560834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Kidney and Cardiovascular Function. SGLT2抑制剂对肾脏和心血管功能的影响。

IF 18.2 1区医学

Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-095920

Volker Vallon, Subodh Verma

{"title":"Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Kidney and Cardiovascular Function.","authors":"Volker Vallon, Subodh Verma","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-095920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-095920","url":null,"abstract":"SGLT2 inhibitors are antihyperglycemic drugs that protect kidneys and the heart of patients with or without type 2 diabetes and preserved or reduced kidney function from failing. The involved protective mechanisms include blood glucose-dependent and -independent mechanisms: SGLT2 inhibitors prevent both hyper- and hypoglycemia, with expectedly little net effect on HbA1C. Metabolic adaptations to induced urinary glucose loss include reduced fat mass and more ketone bodies as additional fuel. SGLT2 inhibitors lower glomerular capillary hypertension and hyperfiltration, thereby reducing the physical stress on the filtration barrier, albuminuria, and the oxygen demand for tubular reabsorption. This improves cortical oxygenation, which, together with lesser tubular gluco-toxicity, may preserve tubular function and glomerular filtration rate in the long term. SGLT2 inhibitors may mimic systemic hypoxia and stimulate erythropoiesis, which improves organ oxygen delivery. SGLT2 inhibitors are proximal tubule and osmotic diuretics that reduce volume retention and blood pressure and preserve heart function, potentially in part by overcoming the resistance to diuretics and atrial-natriuretic-peptide and inhibiting Na-H exchangers and sympathetic tone.","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"83 ","pages":"503-528"},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-095920","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10292438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 136

Regulation of Mitochondrial Ca²⁺ Uptake. 线粒体Ca2+摄取的调控。

IF 18.2 1区医学

Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-031920-092419

Elizabeth Murphy, Charles Steenbergen

引用次数: 17