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Annual review of physiology最新文献

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Intestinal Stem Cell Aging: Origins and Interventions. 肠道干细胞老化:起源和干预。
IF 18.2 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2020-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034359
H. Jasper
{"title":"Intestinal Stem Cell Aging: Origins and Interventions.","authors":"H. Jasper","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034359","url":null,"abstract":"Regenerative processes that maintain the function of the gastrointestinal (GI) epithelium are critical for health and survival of multicellular organisms. In insects and vertebrates, intestinal stem cells (ISCs) regenerate the GI epithelium. ISC function is regulated by intrinsic, local, and systemic stimuli to adjust regeneration to tissue demands. These control mechanisms decline with age, resulting in significant perturbation of intestinal homeostasis. Processes that lead to this decline have been explored intensively in Drosophila melanogaster in recent years and are now starting to be characterized in mammalian models. This review presents a model for age-related regenerative decline in the fly intestine and discusses recent findings that start to establish molecular mechanisms of age-related decline of mammalian ISC function. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 82 is February 10, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034359","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48955940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 73
Contributions of Aging to Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. 衰老对脑血管疾病的影响。
IF 18.2 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2020-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034338
T. M. De Silva, F. Faraci
{"title":"Contributions of Aging to Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.","authors":"T. M. De Silva, F. Faraci","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034338","url":null,"abstract":"Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is characterized by changes in the pial and parenchymal microcirculations. SVD produces reductions in cerebral blood flow and impaired blood-brain barrier function, which are leading contributors to age-related reductions in brain health. End-organ effects are diverse, resulting in both cognitive and noncognitive deficits. Underlying phenotypes and mechanisms are multifactorial, with no specific treatments at this time. Despite consequences that are already considerable, the impact of SVD is predicted to increase substantially with the growing aging population. In the face of this health challenge, the basic biology, pathogenesis, and determinants of SVD are poorly defined. This review summarizes recent progress and concepts in this area, highlighting key findings and some major unanswered questions. We focus on phenotypes and mechanisms that underlie microvascular aging, the greatest risk factor for cerebrovascular disease and its subsequent effects. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 82 is February 10, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034338","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42219324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 42
Osteoclasts Provide Coupling Signals to Osteoblast Lineage Cells Through Multiple Mechanisms. 破骨细胞通过多种机制向成骨细胞系细胞提供耦合信号。
IF 18.2 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2020-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034425
N. Sims, T. Martin
{"title":"Osteoclasts Provide Coupling Signals to Osteoblast Lineage Cells Through Multiple Mechanisms.","authors":"N. Sims, T. Martin","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034425","url":null,"abstract":"Bone remodeling is essential for the repair and replacement of damaged and old bone. The major principle underlying this process is that osteoclast-mediated resorption of a quantum of bone is followed by osteoblast precursor recruitment; these cells differentiate to matrix-producing osteoblasts, which form new bone to replace what was resorbed. Evidence from osteopetrotic syndromes indicate that osteoclasts not only resorb bone, but also provide signals to promote bone formation. Osteoclasts act upon osteoblast lineage cells throughout their differentiation by facilitating growth factor release from resorbed matrix, producing secreted proteins and microvesicles, and expressing membrane-bound factors. These multiple mechanisms mediate the coupling of bone formation to resorption in remodeling. Additional interactions of osteoclasts with osteoblast lineage cells, including interactions with canopy and reversal cells, are required to achieve coordination between bone formation and resorption during bone remodeling. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 82 is February 10, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034425","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43634836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 125
Cardiomyocyte Polyploidy and Implications for Heart Regeneration. 心肌细胞多倍体及其对心脏再生的意义。
IF 18.2 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2020-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034618
Peiheng Gan, Michaela Patterson, H. Sucov
{"title":"Cardiomyocyte Polyploidy and Implications for Heart Regeneration.","authors":"Peiheng Gan, Michaela Patterson, H. Sucov","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034618","url":null,"abstract":"In mammals, most cardiomyocytes (CMs) become polyploid (they have more than two complete sets of chromosomes). The purpose of this review is to evaluate assumptions about CM ploidy that are commonly discussed, even if not experimentally demonstrated, and to highlight key issues that are still to be resolved. Topics discussed here include (a) technical and conceptual difficulties in defining a polyploid CM, (b) the candidate role of reactive oxygen as a proximal trigger for the onset of polyploidy, (c) the relationship between polyploidization and other aspects of CM maturation, (d ) recent insights related to the regenerative role of the subpopulation of CMs that are not polyploid, and (e) speculations as to why CMs become polyploid at all. New approaches to experimentally manipulate CM ploidy may resolve some of these long-standing and fundamental questions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 82 is February 10, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034618","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45132823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 53
BMP Signaling in Development, Stem Cells, and Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract. BMP信号在胃肠道发育、干细胞和疾病中的作用。
IF 18.2 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2020-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034500
Yongchun Zhang, Jianwen Que
{"title":"BMP Signaling in Development, Stem Cells, and Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract.","authors":"Yongchun Zhang,&nbsp;Jianwen Que","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway is essential for the morphogenesis of multiple organs in the digestive system. Abnormal BMP signaling has also been associated with disease initiation and progression in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and associated organs. Recent studies using animal models, tissue organoids, and human pluripotent stem cells have significantly expanded our understanding of the roles played by BMPs in the development and homeostasis of GI organs. It is clear that BMP signaling regulates GI function and disease progression that involve stem/progenitor cells and inflammation in a tissue-specific manner. In this review we discuss these new findings with a focus on the esophagus, stomach, and intestine.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"82 ","pages":"251-273"},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034500","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9554808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 33
Regulation and Effects of FGF23 in Chronic Kidney Disease. FGF23在慢性肾脏疾病中的调节作用
IF 18.2 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2019-11-19 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034650
J. Musgrove, M. Wolf
{"title":"Regulation and Effects of FGF23 in Chronic Kidney Disease.","authors":"J. Musgrove, M. Wolf","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034650","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health epidemic that accelerates cardiovascular disease, increases risk of infection, and causes anemia and bone disease, among other complications that collectively increase risk of premature death. Alterations in calcium and phosphate homeostasis have long been considered nontraditional risk factors for many of the most morbid outcomes of CKD. The discovery of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), which revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of rare hereditary disorders of FGF23 excess that cause hypophosphatemic rickets, has also driven major paradigm shifts in our understanding of the pathophysiology and downstream end-organ complications of disordered mineral metabolism in CKD. As research of FGF23 in CKD has rapidly advanced, major new questions about its regulation and effects continuously emerge. These are promoting exciting innovations in laboratory, patient-oriented, and epidemiological research and stimulating clinical trials of new therapies and repurposing of existing ones to target FGF23. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 82 is February 10, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034650","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43250679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 70
Gestational Exposure to Common Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Their Impact on Neurodevelopment and Behavior. 妊娠期暴露于常见的内分泌破坏性化学物质及其对神经发育和行为的影响。
IF 18.2 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2019-11-18 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034555
Dinushan Nesan, D. Kurrasch
{"title":"Gestational Exposure to Common Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Their Impact on Neurodevelopment and Behavior.","authors":"Dinushan Nesan, D. Kurrasch","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034555","url":null,"abstract":"Endocrine disrupting chemicals are common in our environment and act on hormone systems and signaling pathways to alter physiological homeostasis. Gestational exposure can disrupt developmental programs, permanently altering tissues with impacts lasting into adulthood. The brain is a critical target for developmental endocrine disruption, resulting in altered neuroendocrine control of hormonal signaling, altered neurotransmitter control of nervous system function, and fundamental changes in behaviors such as learning, memory, and social interactions. Human cohort studies reveal correlations between maternal/fetal exposure to endocrine disruptors and incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we summarize the major literature findings of endocrine disruption of neurodevelopment and concomitant changes in behavior by four major endocrine disruptor classes: bisphenol A, polychlorinated biphenyls, organophosphates, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. We specifically review studies of gestational and/or lactational exposure to understand the effects of early life exposure to these compounds and summarize animal studies that help explain human correlative data. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 82 is February 10, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034555","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49420539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 26
Genetics of COPD. COPD的遗传学。
IF 18.2 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2019-11-15 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-PHYSIOL-021317-121224
E. Silverman
{"title":"Genetics of COPD.","authors":"E. Silverman","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-PHYSIOL-021317-121224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-PHYSIOL-021317-121224","url":null,"abstract":"Although chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk is strongly influenced by cigarette smoking, genetic factors are also important determinants of COPD. In addition to Mendelian syndromes such as alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, many genomic regions that influence COPD susceptibility have been identified in genome-wide association studies. Similarly, multiple genomic regions associated with COPD-related phenotypes, such as quantitative emphysema measures, have been found. Identifying the functional variants and key genes within these association regions remains a major challenge. However, newly identified COPD susceptibility genes are already providing novel insights into COPD pathogenesis. Network-based approaches that leverage these genetic discoveries have the potential to assist in decoding the complex genetic architecture of COPD. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 82 is February 10, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/ANNUREV-PHYSIOL-021317-121224","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48287890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 67
Aging and Lung Disease. 衰老与肺病。
IF 18.2 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2019-11-15 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034610
Soo Jung Cho, H. Stout-Delgado
{"title":"Aging and Lung Disease.","authors":"Soo Jung Cho, H. Stout-Delgado","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034610","url":null,"abstract":"People worldwide are living longer, and it is estimated that by 2050, the proportion of the world's population over 60 years of age will nearly double. Natural lung aging is associated with molecular and physiological changes that cause alterations in lung function, diminished pulmonary remodeling and regenerative capacity, and increased susceptibility to acute and chronic lung diseases. As the aging population rapidly grows, it is essential to examine how alterations in cellular function and cell-to-cell interactions of pulmonary resident cells and systemic immune cells contribute to a higher risk of increased susceptibility to infection and development of chronic diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. This review provides an overview of physiological, structural, and cellular changes in the aging lung and immune system that facilitate the development and progression of disease. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 82 is February 10, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034610","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49568712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 124
The Acidic Tumor Microenvironment as a Driver of Cancer. 酸性肿瘤微环境是癌症的驱动因素。
IF 18.2 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2019-11-15 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034627
E. Boedtkjer, S. Pedersen
{"title":"The Acidic Tumor Microenvironment as a Driver of Cancer.","authors":"E. Boedtkjer, S. Pedersen","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034627","url":null,"abstract":"Acidic metabolic waste products accumulate in the tumor microenvironment because of high metabolic activity and insufficient perfusion. In tumors, the acidity of the interstitial space and the relatively well-maintained intracellular pH influence cancer and stromal cell function, their mutual interplay, and their interactions with the extracellular matrix. Tumor pH is spatially and temporally heterogeneous, and the fitness advantage of cancer cells adapted to extracellular acidity is likely particularly evident when they encounter less acidic tumor regions, for instance, during invasion. Through complex effects on genetic stability, epigenetics, cellular metabolism, proliferation, and survival, the compartmentalized pH microenvironment favors cancer development. Cellular selection exacerbates the malignant phenotype, which is further enhanced by acid-induced cell motility, extracellular matrix degradation, attenuated immune responses, and modified cellular and intercellular signaling. In this review, we discuss how the acidity of the tumor microenvironment influences each stage in cancer development, from dysplasia to full-blown metastatic disease. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 82 is February 10, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034627","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43560097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 412
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