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Annual review of physiology最新文献

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Myostatin: A Skeletal Muscle Chalone. 肌肉生长抑制素:一种骨骼肌抑制剂。
IF 18.2 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2023-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-012422-112116
Se-Jin Lee
{"title":"Myostatin: A Skeletal Muscle Chalone.","authors":"Se-Jin Lee","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-012422-112116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-012422-112116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myostatin (GDF-8) was discovered 25 years ago as a new transforming growth factor-β family member that acts as a master regulator of skeletal muscle mass. Myostatin is made by skeletal myofibers, circulates in the blood, and acts back on myofibers to limit growth. Myostatin appears to have all of the salient properties of a chalone, which is a term proposed over a half century ago to describe hypothetical circulating, tissue-specific growth inhibitors that control tissue size. The elucidation of the molecular, cellular, and physiological mechanisms underlying myostatin activity suggests that myostatin functions as a negative feedback regulator of muscle mass and raises the question as to whether this type of chalone mechanism is unique to skeletal muscle or whether it also operates in other tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"269-291"},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10163667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9417133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Lung Cell Atlases in Health and Disease. 健康与疾病中的肺细胞图谱。
IF 18.2 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2023-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-032922-082826
Taylor S Adams, Arnaud Marlier, Naftali Kaminski
{"title":"Lung Cell Atlases in Health and Disease.","authors":"Taylor S Adams,&nbsp;Arnaud Marlier,&nbsp;Naftali Kaminski","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-032922-082826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-032922-082826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human lung cellular portfolio, traditionally characterized by cellular morphology and individual markers, is highly diverse, with over 40 cell types and a complex branching structure highly adapted for agile airflow and gas exchange. While constant during adulthood, lung cellular content changes in response to exposure, injury, and infection. Some changes are temporary, but others are persistent, leading to structural changes and progressive lung disease. The recent advance of single-cell profiling technologies allows an unprecedented level of detail and scale to cellular measurements, leading to the rise of comprehensive cell atlas styles of reporting. In this review, we chronical the rise of cell atlases and explore their contributions to human lung biology in health and disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"47-69"},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9305327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Proprioception: A New Era Set in Motion by Emerging Genetic and Bionic Strategies? 直觉：新出现的遗传和仿生策略开启了一个新时代？
IF 15.7 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2023-02-10 Epub Date: 2022-11-18 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-040122-081302
Paul D Marasco, Joriene C de Nooij
{"title":"Proprioception: A New Era Set in Motion by Emerging Genetic and Bionic Strategies?","authors":"Paul D Marasco, Joriene C de Nooij","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-040122-081302","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-040122-081302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The generation of an internal body model and its continuous update is essential in sensorimotor control. Although known to rely on proprioceptive sensory feedback, the underlying mechanism that transforms this sensory feedback into a dynamic body percept remains poorly understood. However, advances in the development of genetic tools for proprioceptive circuit elements, including the sensory receptors, are beginning to offer new and unprecedented leverage to dissect the central pathways responsible for proprioceptive encoding. Simultaneously, new data derived through emerging bionic neural machine-interface technologies reveal clues regarding the relative importance of kinesthetic sensory feedback and insights into the functional proprioceptive substrates that underlie natural motor behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10810321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10737598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pericytes and the Control of Blood Flow in Brain and Heart. 周细胞与脑、心血流的控制。
IF 15.7 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2023-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-031522-034807
Thomas A Longden, Guiling Zhao, Ashwini Hariharan, W Jonathan Lederer
{"title":"Pericytes and the Control of Blood Flow in Brain and Heart.","authors":"Thomas A Longden, Guiling Zhao, Ashwini Hariharan, W Jonathan Lederer","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-031522-034807","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-031522-034807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pericytes, attached to the surface of capillaries, play an important role in regulating local blood flow. Using optogenetic tools and genetically encoded reporters in conjunction with confocal and multiphoton imaging techniques, the 3D structure, anatomical organization, and physiology of pericytes have recently been the subject of detailed examination. This work has revealed novel functions of pericytes and morphological features such as tunneling nanotubes in brain and tunneling microtubes in heart. Here, we discuss the state of our current understanding of the roles of pericytes in blood flow control in brain and heart, where functions may differ due to the distinct spatiotemporal metabolic requirements of these tissues. We also outline the novel concept of electro-metabolic signaling, a universal mechanistic framework that links tissue metabolic state with blood flow regulation by pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells, with capillary K<sub>ATP</sub> and Kir2.1 channels as primary sensors. Finally, we present major unresolved questions and outline how they can be addressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"137-164"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10280497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9657121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fatty Acid Transport and Signaling: Mechanisms and Physiological Implications. 脂肪酸转运和信号传导：机制和生理意义。
IF 20.3 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2023-02-10 Epub Date: 2022-11-08 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-032122-030352
Dmitri Samovski, Miriam Jacome-Sosa, Nada A Abumrad
{"title":"Fatty Acid Transport and Signaling: Mechanisms and Physiological Implications.","authors":"Dmitri Samovski, Miriam Jacome-Sosa, Nada A Abumrad","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-032122-030352","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-032122-030352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long-chain fatty acids (FAs) are components of plasma membranes and an efficient fuel source and also serve as metabolic regulators through FA signaling mediated by membrane FA receptors. Impaired tissue FA uptake has been linked to major complications of obesity, including insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. Fatty acid interactions with a membrane receptor and the initiation of signaling can modify pathways related to nutrient uptake and processing, cell proliferation or differentiation, and secretion of bioactive factors. Here, we review the major membrane receptors involved in FA uptake and FA signaling. We focus on two types of membrane receptors for long-chain FAs: CD36 and the G protein-coupled FA receptors FFAR1 and FFAR4. We describe key signaling pathways and metabolic outcomes for CD36, FFAR1, and FFAR4 and highlight the parallels that provide insight into FA regulation of cell function.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"317-337"},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13221695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10730087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Salt Taste. 盐味的分子和细胞机制。
IF 18.2 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2023-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-031522-075853
Akiyuki Taruno, Michael D Gordon
{"title":"Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Salt Taste.","authors":"Akiyuki Taruno,&nbsp;Michael D Gordon","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-031522-075853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-031522-075853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salt taste, the taste of sodium chloride (NaCl), is mechanistically one of the most complex and puzzling among basic tastes. Sodium has essential functions in the body but causes harm in excess. Thus, animals use salt taste to ingest the right amount of salt, which fluctuates by physiological needs: typically, attraction to low salt concentrations and rejection of high salt. This concentration-valence relationship is universally observed in terrestrial animals, and research has revealed complex peripheral codes for NaCl involving multiple taste pathways of opposing valence. Sodium-dependent and -independent pathways mediate attraction and aversion to NaCl, respectively. Gustatory sensors and cells that transduce NaCl have been uncovered, along with downstream signal transduction and neurotransmission mechanisms. However, much remains unknown. This article reviews classical and recent advances in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying salt taste in mammals and insects and discusses perspectives on human salt taste.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"25-45"},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10746915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Mechanisms of Protein Trafficking and Quality Control in the Kidney and Beyond. 肾内外蛋白质转运和质量控制的机制。
IF 18.2 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2023-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-031522-100639
Jillian L Shaw, Juan Lorenzo Pablo, Anna Greka
{"title":"Mechanisms of Protein Trafficking and Quality Control in the Kidney and Beyond.","authors":"Jillian L Shaw,&nbsp;Juan Lorenzo Pablo,&nbsp;Anna Greka","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-031522-100639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-031522-100639","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Numerous trafficking and quality control pathways evolved to handle the diversity of proteins made by eukaryotic cells. However, at every step along the biosynthetic pathway, there is the potential for quality control system failure. This review focuses on the mechanisms of disrupted proteostasis. Inspired by diseases caused by misfolded proteins in the kidney (mucin 1 and uromodulin), we outline the general principles of protein biosynthesis, delineate the recognition and degradation pathways targeting misfolded proteins, and discuss the role of cargo receptors in protein trafficking and lipid homeostasis. We also discuss technical approaches including live-cell fluorescent microscopy, chemical screens to elucidate trafficking mechanisms, multiplexed single-cell CRISPR screening platforms to systematically delineate mechanisms of proteostasis, and the advancement of novel tools to degrade secretory and membrane-associated proteins. By focusing on components of trafficking that go awry, we highlight ongoing efforts to understand fundamental mechanisms of disrupted proteostasis and implications for the treatment of human proteinopathies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"407-423"},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10730659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Neural Mechanisms That Make Perceptual Decisions Flexible. 使感知决策灵活的神经机制。
IF 15.7 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2023-02-10 Epub Date: 2022-11-07 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-031722-024731
Gouki Okazawa, Roozbeh Kiani
{"title":"Neural Mechanisms That Make Perceptual Decisions Flexible.","authors":"Gouki Okazawa, Roozbeh Kiani","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-031722-024731","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-031722-024731","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neural mechanisms of perceptual decision making have been extensively studied in experimental settings that mimic stable environments with repeating stimuli, fixed rules, and payoffs. In contrast, we live in an ever-changing environment and have varying goals and behavioral demands. To accommodate variability, our brain flexibly adjusts decision-making processes depending on context. Here, we review a growing body of research that explores the neural mechanisms underlying this flexibility. We highlight diverse forms of context dependency in decision making implemented through a variety of neural computations. Context-dependent neural activity is observed in a distributed network of brain structures, including posterior parietal, sensory, motor, and subcortical regions, as well as the prefrontal areas classically implicated in cognitive control. We propose that investigating the distributed network underlying flexible decisions is key to advancing our understanding and discuss a path forward for experimental and theoretical investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"191-215"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10308708/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9701614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Polycystin Channel Complexes. 多囊卵巢蛋白通道复合物。
IF 15.7 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2023-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-031522-084334
Orhi Esarte Palomero, Megan Larmore, Paul G DeCaen
{"title":"Polycystin Channel Complexes.","authors":"Orhi Esarte Palomero, Megan Larmore, Paul G DeCaen","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-031522-084334","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-031522-084334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polycystin subunits can form hetero- and homotetrameric ion channels in the membranes of various compartments of the cell. Homotetrameric polycystin channels are voltage- and calcium-modulated, whereas heterotetrameric versions are proposed to be ligand- or autoproteolytically regulated. Their importance is underscored by variants associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and by vital roles in fertilization and embryonic development. The diversity in polycystin assembly and subcellular distribution allows for a multitude of sensory functions by this class of channels. In this review, we highlight their recent structural and functional characterization, which has provided a molecular blueprint to investigate the conformational changes required for channel opening in response to unique stimuli. We consider each polycystin channel type individually, discussing how they contribute to sensory cell biology, as well as their impact on the physiology of various tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"425-448"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10029091/pdf/nihms-1882989.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9208372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Insulin Clearance in Health and Disease. 胰岛素清除在健康和疾病。
IF 19.1 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2023-02-10 Epub Date: 2022-10-19 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-031622-043133
Sonia M Najjar, Sonia Caprio, Amalia Gastaldelli
{"title":"Insulin Clearance in Health and Disease.","authors":"Sonia M Najjar, Sonia Caprio, Amalia Gastaldelli","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-031622-043133","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-031622-043133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insulin action is impaired in type 2 diabetes. The functions of the hormone are an integrated product of insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells and insulin clearance by receptor-mediated endocytosis and degradation, mostly in liver (hepatocytes) and, to a lower extent, in extrahepatic peripheral tissues. Substantial evidence indicates that genetic or acquired abnormalities of insulin secretion or action predispose to type 2 diabetes. In recent years, along with the discovery of the molecular foundation of receptor-mediated insulin clearance, such as through the membrane glycoprotein CEACAM1, a consensus has begun to emerge that reduction of insulin clearance contributes to the disease process. In this review, we consider the evidence suggesting a pathogenic role for reduced insulin clearance in insulin resistance, obesity, hepatic steatosis, and type 2 diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"363-381"},"PeriodicalIF":19.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9305312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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