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Annual review of physiology最新文献

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Cardiac Regeneration: New Hope for an Old Dream. 心脏再生:旧梦的新希望。
IF 18.2 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2021-02-10 Epub Date: 2020-10-16 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-031120-103629
Florian Weinberger, Thomas Eschenhagen
{"title":"Cardiac Regeneration: New Hope for an Old Dream.","authors":"Florian Weinberger,&nbsp;Thomas Eschenhagen","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-031120-103629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-031120-103629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The regenerative capacity of the heart has long fascinated scientists. In contrast to other organs such as liver, skin, and skeletal muscle, the heart possesses only a minimal regenerative capacity. It lacks a progenitor cell population, and cardiomyocytes exit the cell cycle shortly after birth and do not re-enter after injury. Thus, any loss of cardiomyocytes is essentially irreversible and can lead to or exaggerate heart failure, which represents a major public health problem. New therapeutic options are urgently needed, but regenerative therapies have remained an unfulfilled promise in cardiovascular medicine until today. Yet, through a clearer comprehension of signaling pathways that regulate the cardiomyocyte cell cycle and advances in stem cell technology, strategies have evolved that demonstrate the potential to generate new myocytes and thereby fulfill an essential central criterion for heart repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-physiol-031120-103629","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38501030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels in Nonexcitable Tissues. 非可控组织中的电压门控钙通道
IF 15.7 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2021-02-10 Epub Date: 2020-10-26 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-091043
Geoffrey S Pitt, Maiko Matsui, Chike Cao
{"title":"Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels in Nonexcitable Tissues.","authors":"Geoffrey S Pitt, Maiko Matsui, Chike Cao","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-091043","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-091043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The identification of a gain-of-function mutation in <i>CACNA1C</i> as the cause of Timothy syndrome, a rare disorder characterized by cardiac arrhythmias and syndactyly, highlighted roles for the L-type voltage-gated Ca<sup>2+</sup> channel Ca<sub>V</sub>1.2 in nonexcitable cells. Previous studies in cells and animal models had suggested that several voltage-gated Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels (VGCCs) regulated critical signaling events in various cell types that are not expected to support action potentials, but definitive data were lacking. VGCCs occupy a special position among ion channels, uniquely able to translate membrane excitability into the cytoplasmic Ca<sup>2+</sup> changes that underlie the cellular responses to electrical activity. Yet how these channels function in cells not firing action potentials and what the consequences of their actions are in nonexcitable cells remain critical questions. The development of new animal and cellular models and the emergence of large data sets and unbiased genome screens have added to our understanding of the unanticipated roles for VGCCs in nonexcitable cells. Here, we review current knowledge of VGCC regulation and function in nonexcitable tissues and cells, with the goal of providing a platform for continued investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8281591/pdf/nihms-1721949.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9142589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hedgehog Signaling in Intestinal Development and Homeostasis. 刺猬信号在肠道发育和体内平衡中的作用。
IF 18.2 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-094324
Katherine D Walton, Deborah L Gumucio
{"title":"Hedgehog Signaling in Intestinal Development and Homeostasis.","authors":"Katherine D Walton,&nbsp;Deborah L Gumucio","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-094324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-094324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays several diverse regulatory and patterning roles during organogenesis of the intestine and in the regulation of adult intestinal homeostasis. In the embryo, fetus, and adult, intestinal Hh signaling is paracrine: Hh ligands are expressed in the endodermally derived epithelium, while signal transduction is confined to the mesenchymal compartment, where at least a dozen distinct cell types are capable of responding to Hh signals. Epithelial Hh ligands not only regulate a variety of mesenchymal cell behaviors, but they also direct these mesenchymal cells to secrete additional soluble factors (e.g., Wnts, Bmps, inflammatory mediators) that feed back to regulate the epithelial cells themselves. Evolutionary conservation of the core Hh signaling pathway, as well as conservation of epithelial/mesenchymal cross talk in the intestine, has meant that work in many diverse model systems has contributed to our current understanding of the role of this pathway in intestinal organogenesis, which is reviewed here.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-094324","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9662093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Uromodulin: Roles in Health and Disease. 尿调素:在健康和疾病中的作用。
IF 18.2 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-092817
Céline Schaeffer, Olivier Devuyst, Luca Rampoldi
{"title":"Uromodulin: Roles in Health and Disease.","authors":"Céline Schaeffer,&nbsp;Olivier Devuyst,&nbsp;Luca Rampoldi","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-092817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-092817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Uromodulin, a protein exclusively produced by the kidney, is the most abundant urinary protein in physiological conditions. Already described several decades ago, uromodulin has gained the spotlight in recent years, since the discovery that mutations in its encoding gene <i>UMOD</i> cause a renal Mendelian disease (autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease) and that common polymorphisms are associated with multifactorial disorders, such as chronic kidney disease, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, variations in uromodulin levels in urine and/or blood reflect kidney functioning mass and are of prognostic value for renal function, cardiovascular events, and overall mortality. The clinical relevance of uromodulin reflects its multifunctional nature, playing a role in renal ion transport and immunomodulation, in protection against urinary tract infections and renal stones, and possibly as a systemic antioxidant. Here, we discuss the multifaceted roles of this protein in kidney physiology and its translational relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25356239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 47
Cellular Heterogeneity in Adipose Tissues. 脂肪组织的细胞异质性。
IF 18.2 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-095446
Silvia Corvera
{"title":"Cellular Heterogeneity in Adipose Tissues.","authors":"Silvia Corvera","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-095446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-095446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adipose tissue depots in distinct anatomical locations mediate key aspects of metabolism, including energy storage, nutrient release, and thermogenesis. Although adipocytes make up more than 90% of adipose tissue volume, they represent less than 50% of its cellular content. Here, I review recent advances in genetic lineage tracing and transcriptomics that reveal the identities of the heterogeneous cell populations constituting mouse and human adipose tissues. In addition to mature adipocytes and their progenitors, these include endothelial and various immune cell types that together orchestrate adipose tissue development and functions. One salient finding is the identification of progenitor subtypes that can modulate adipogenic capacity through paracrine mechanisms. Another is the description of fate trajectories of monocyte/macrophages, which can respond maladaptively to nutritional and thermogenic stimuli, leading to metabolic disease. These studies have generated an extraordinary source of publicly available data that can be leveraged to explore commonalities and differences among experimental models, providing new insights into adipose tissues and their role in metabolic disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8091658/pdf/nihms-1692247.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25356241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 55
Dynamics of Atrial Fibrillation Mechanisms and Comorbidities. 心房颤动的动态机制和合并症。
IF 18.2 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2021-02-10 Epub Date: 2020-10-16 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-031720-085307
Jordi Heijman, Dominik Linz, Ulrich Schotten
{"title":"Dynamics of Atrial Fibrillation Mechanisms and Comorbidities.","authors":"Jordi Heijman,&nbsp;Dominik Linz,&nbsp;Ulrich Schotten","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-031720-085307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-031720-085307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) contributes to morbidity and mortality of millions of individuals. Its molecular, cellular, neurohumoral, and hemodynamic pathophysiological mechanisms are complex, and there is increasing awareness that a wide range of comorbidities can contribute to AF-promoting atrial remodeling. Moreover, recent research has highlighted that AF risk is not constant and that the temporal variation in concomitant conditions contributes to the complexity of AF dynamics. In this review, we provide an overview of fundamental AF mechanisms related to established and emerging comorbidities or risk factors and their role in the AF-promoting effects. We focus on the accumulating evidence for the relevance of temporally dynamic changes in these risk factors and the consequence for AF initiation and maintenance. Finally, we highlight the important implications for future research and clinical practice resulting from the dynamic interaction between AF risk factors and mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-physiol-031720-085307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38501029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 42
The Remarkable Cardiovascular System of Giraffes. 长颈鹿非凡的心血管系统。
IF 18.2 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2021-02-10 Epub Date: 2020-11-09 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-094629
Christian Aalkjær, Tobias Wang
{"title":"The Remarkable Cardiovascular System of Giraffes.","authors":"Christian Aalkjær,&nbsp;Tobias Wang","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-094629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-094629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gravity affects the physiology of many animals, and the effect is, for good reason, most pronounced in tall species. The physiology-in particular, cardiovascular function-of giraffes has therefore captivated the interest of physiologists for centuries. Several studies document high mean arterial blood pressure of giraffes of about 200 mm Hg. This appears necessary to establish a cerebral perfusion pressure on the order of 100 mm Hg at the cranial end of the carotid arteries. Here, we discuss the unique characteristics of blood vessels, the heart, and the kidney of giraffes and how these functional and structural adaptations are related to very high blood pressure. We also discuss how the cerebral circulation of giraffes is established and what we know about how the blood flow and arterial and venous pressures in giraffes change when they stop to drink and subsequently lift their heads 5-6 m in one sweeping movement.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-094629","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38581888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
The ABCs of Sterol Transport. 固醇运输的基础知识。
IF 18.2 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2021-02-10 Epub Date: 2020-11-03 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-094944
Ashlee M Plummer, Alan T Culbertson, Maofu Liao
{"title":"The ABCs of Sterol Transport.","authors":"Ashlee M Plummer,&nbsp;Alan T Culbertson,&nbsp;Maofu Liao","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-094944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-094944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cholesterol homeostasis and trafficking are critical to the maintenance of the asymmetric plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. Disruption or dysfunction of cholesterol trafficking leads to numerous human diseases. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play several critical roles in this process, and mutations in these sterol transporters lead to disorders such as Tangier disease and sitosterolemia. Biochemical and structural information on ABC sterol transporters is beginning to emerge, with published structures of ABCA1 and ABCG5/G8; these two proteins function in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway and mediate the efflux of cholesterol and xenosterols to high-density lipoprotein and bile salt micelles, respectively. Although both of these transporters belong to the ABC family and mediate the efflux of a sterol substrate, they have many distinct differences. Here, we summarize the current understanding of sterol transport driven by ABC transporters, with an emphasis on these two extensively characterized transporters.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-094944","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38656130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 36
Uterine Excitability and Ion Channels and Their Changes with Gestation and Hormonal Environment. 子宫兴奋性和离子通道及其随妊娠期和激素环境的变化。
IF 18.2 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2021-02-10 Epub Date: 2020-11-06 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-032420-035509
Susan Wray, Sarah Arrowsmith
{"title":"Uterine Excitability and Ion Channels and Their Changes with Gestation and Hormonal Environment.","authors":"Susan Wray,&nbsp;Sarah Arrowsmith","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-032420-035509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-032420-035509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We address advances in the understanding of myometrial physiology, focusing on excitation and the effects of gestation on ion channels and their relevance to labor. This review moves through pioneering studies to exciting new findings. We begin with the myometrium and its myocytes and describe how excitation might initiate and spread in this myogenic smooth muscle. We then review each of the ion channels in the myometrium: L- and T-type Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels, K<sub>ATP</sub> (Kir6) channels, voltage-dependent K channels (Kv4, Kv7, and Kv11), twin-pore domain K channels (TASK, TREK), inward rectifier Kir7.1, Ca<sup>2+</sup>-activated K<sup>+</sup> channels with large (KCNMA1, Slo1), small (KCNN1-3), and intermediate (KCNN4) conductance, Na-activated K channels (Slo2), voltage-gated (SCN) Na<sup>+</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup> leak channels, nonselective (NALCN) channels, the Na K-ATPase, and hyperpolarization-activated cation channels. We finish by assessing how three key hormones- oxytocin, estrogen, and progesterone-modulate and integrate excitability throughout gestation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-physiol-032420-035509","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38670362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Function of Renal Nerves in Kidney Physiology and Pathophysiology. 肾神经在肾脏生理病理生理学中的作用。
IF 18.2 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-091656
John W Osborn, Roman Tyshynsky, Lucy Vulchanova
{"title":"Function of Renal Nerves in Kidney Physiology and Pathophysiology.","authors":"John W Osborn,&nbsp;Roman Tyshynsky,&nbsp;Lucy Vulchanova","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-091656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-091656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Renal sympathetic (efferent) nerves play an important role in the regulation of renal function, including glomerular filtration, sodium reabsorption, and renin release. The kidney is also innervated by sensory (afferent) nerves that relay information to the brain to modulate sympathetic outflow. Hypertension and other cardiometabolic diseases are linked to overactivity of renal sympathetic and sensory nerves, but our mechanistic understanding of these relationships is limited. Clinical trials of catheter-based renal nerve ablation to treat hypertension have yielded promising results. Therefore, a greater understanding of how renal nerves control the kidney under physiological and pathophysiological conditions is needed. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of the anatomy of efferent and afferent renal nerves and their functions in normal and pathophysiological conditions. We also suggest further avenues of research for development of novel therapies targeting the renal nerves.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25356238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 39
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