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Annual review of physiology最新文献

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Sex Differences in Electrophysiology and Calcium Handling in Atrial Health and Fibrillation. 心房健康和心房颤动中电生理学和钙处理的性别差异。
IF 15.7 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-104938
Charlotte E R Smith, Haibo Ni, Eleonora Grandi
{"title":"Sex Differences in Electrophysiology and Calcium Handling in Atrial Health and Fibrillation.","authors":"Charlotte E R Smith, Haibo Ni, Eleonora Grandi","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-104938","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-104938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The importance of biological sex on disease etiology and outcomes has long been underinvestigated. While recent focus on characterizing sex differences in cardiac pathophysiology has led to improved inclusion of both sexes in scientific studies and clinical trials, much is still unknown about underlying differences in normal cardiac physiology. This is particularly true for the atria, where the most common arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation (AF), occurs. AF is associated with adverse structural, electrophysiological, and calcium handling remodeling that leads to patient morbidity and mortality. Differences in the onset, prevalence, presentation, and prognosis of AF are known to differ between males and females, yet the sex-specific baseline phenotypes from which AF arises are not well characterized. This review examines what is currently known about sex differences in atrial physiology, the alterations that occur in AF, potential mechanisms underlying sex divergence, and the need for sex-targeted therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sex, Gender, and COPD. 性、性别与慢性阻塞性肺病。
IF 15.7 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-014322
Dawn L DeMeo
{"title":"Sex, Gender, and COPD.","authors":"Dawn L DeMeo","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-014322","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-014322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sex and gender have emerged as critical considerations relevant to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Sex differences in lung development and physiologic response to hormones and environmental exposures influence COPD susceptibility, progression, severity, morbidity, and mortality. Gender has been poorly measured in the context of COPD, and gendered exposures further impact biology. The hormonal milieu is critical to study across the life course. Differences in immunity and inflammation likely impact sex- and gender-related features of COPD. Emerging evidence from multiple types of omics data is revealing new genes and pathways to consider as relevant to sex- and gender-divergent features of COPD. Much research to date has focused on autosomes, but the growing awareness of a role for allosomes is highlighting knowledge gaps. Reproductive aging impacts lung function and requires more investigation. Network medicine holds promise as an approach to sex and gender omics to uncover drivers of COPD in men and women.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":" ","pages":"471-490"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142715161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Calcium Homeostasis of Human Red Blood Cells in Health and Disease: Interactions of PIEZO1, the Plasma Membrane Calcium Pump, and Gardos Channels. 人类红细胞在健康和疾病中的钙稳态：PIEZO1、质膜钙泵和加多斯通道的相互作用
IF 15.7 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-105119
Virgilio L Lew
{"title":"The Calcium Homeostasis of Human Red Blood Cells in Health and Disease: Interactions of PIEZO1, the Plasma Membrane Calcium Pump, and Gardos Channels.","authors":"Virgilio L Lew","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-105119","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-105119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Calcium ions mediate the volume homeostasis of human red blood cells (RBCs) in the circulation. The mechanism by which calcium ions affect RBC hydration states always follows the same sequence. Deformation of RBCs traversing capillaries briefly activates mechanosensitive PIEZO1 channels, allowing Ca2+ influx down its steep inward gradient transiently overcoming the calcium pump and elevating [Ca2+]<sub>i</sub>. Elevated [Ca2+]<sub>i</sub> activates the Ca2+-sensitive Gardos channels, inducing KCl loss and cell dehydration, a sequence operated with infinite variations in vivo and under experimental conditions. The selected health and disease themes for this review focus on landmark experimental results that led to the development of highly constrained models of the circulatory changes in RBC homeostasis. Based on model predictions, a new perspective emerged, pointing to PIEZO1 dysfunction as the main trigger in the formation of the profoundly dehydrated irreversible sickle cells, the main pathogenic participants in vaso-occlusion, the root cause of sickle cell disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":" ","pages":"257-277"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142543329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mechanisms and Implications of Electrical Heterogeneity in Cardiac Function in Ischemic Heart Disease. 缺血性心脏病心功能电异质性的机制及其影响
IF 15.7 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-020541
Hector Martinez-Navarro, Xin Zhou, Blanca Rodriguez
{"title":"Mechanisms and Implications of Electrical Heterogeneity in Cardiac Function in Ischemic Heart Disease.","authors":"Hector Martinez-Navarro, Xin Zhou, Blanca Rodriguez","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-020541","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-020541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A healthy heart shows intrinsic electrical heterogeneities that play a significant role in cardiac activation and repolarization. However, cardiac diseases may perturb the baseline electrical properties of the healthy cardiac tissue, leading to increased arrhythmic risk and compromised cardiac functions. Moreover, biological variability among patients produces a wide range of clinical symptoms, which complicates the treatment and diagnosis of cardiac diseases. Ischemic heart disease is usually caused by a partial or complete blockage of a coronary artery. The onset of the disease begins with myocardial ischemia, which can develop into myocardial infarction if it persists for an extended period. The progressive regional tissue remodeling leads to increased electrical heterogeneities, with adverse consequences on arrhythmic risk, cardiac mechanics, and mortality. This review aims to summarize the key role of electrical heterogeneities in the heart on cardiac function and diseases. Ischemic heart disease has been chosen as an example to show how adverse electrical remodeling at different stages may lead to variable manifestations in patients. For this, we have reviewed the dynamic electrophysiological and structural remodeling from the onset of acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion to acute and chronic stages post-myocardial infarction. The arrhythmic mechanisms, patient phenotypes, risk stratification at different stages, and patient management strategies are also discussed. Finally, we provide a brief review on how computational approaches incorporate human electrophysiological heterogeneity to facilitate basic and translational research.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":" ","pages":"25-51"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Lymphatic Vasculature in Lung Homeostasis and Disease. 肺稳态和疾病中的淋巴管。
IF 15.7 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-105311
Katharina Maisel, Hasina Outtz Reed
{"title":"The Lymphatic Vasculature in Lung Homeostasis and Disease.","authors":"Katharina Maisel, Hasina Outtz Reed","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-105311","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-105311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The lymphatic vasculature maintains lung homeostasis via fluid drainage in the form of lymph and by facilitating immune surveillance and leukocyte trafficking to the draining lymph nodes. Previous studies in both humans and animal models have demonstrated an important role for lymphatics in lung function from the neonatal period through adulthood. In addition, changes in the lymphatic vasculature have been observed in many respiratory diseases, and there is emerging evidence of a causative role for lymphatic dysfunction in the initiation and progression of lung pathology. Despite advances in the field, there are still many unanswered questions, and a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms by which the lymphatics affect lung homeostasis and the response to lung injury is needed. In this review, we discuss our current knowledge of the structure, function, and role of the lymphatics in the lung and how these vessels are involved in respiratory disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":" ","pages":"421-446"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Mechanistic Rationale for Incretin-Based Therapeutics in the Management of Obesity. 基于胰岛素的肥胖症治疗方法的机制原理。
IF 15.7 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-105443
Ricardo J Samms, Christine M Kusminski
{"title":"A Mechanistic Rationale for Incretin-Based Therapeutics in the Management of Obesity.","authors":"Ricardo J Samms, Christine M Kusminski","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-105443","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-105443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Driven by increased caloric intake relative to expenditure, obesity is a major health concern placing economic and operational strain on healthcare and social care worldwide. Pharmacologically, one of the most effective avenues for the management of excess adiposity is the suppression of appetite. However, owing to the body's natural physiological defense to weight loss and tolerability issues that typically accompany anorectic agents, leveraging this approach to induce sustained weight loss is often easier said than done. As such, to address these challenges, researchers have coupled a thorough understanding of the gut-brain axis with advancements in peptide engineering to design therapeutics mimicking the actions of endocrine hormones to promote a negative energy balance. Indeed, multireceptor agonists targeting the GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors produce meaningful weight loss in people with obesity. Herein, we provide a rationale for how activation of the GIP receptor in the brain and the glucagon receptor in the liver and adipose tissue functions to synergize with GLP-1 receptor agonism to curb the drive to feed and ignite the combustion of excess calories for providing next-generation weight loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":" ","pages":"279-299"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142638211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Epithelial Na+ Channels, Immune Cells, and Salt. 上皮细胞 Na+ 通道、免疫细胞和盐。
IF 15.7 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-105050
Annet Kirabo, Sepiso K Masenga, Thomas R Kleyman
{"title":"Epithelial Na+ Channels, Immune Cells, and Salt.","authors":"Annet Kirabo, Sepiso K Masenga, Thomas R Kleyman","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-105050","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-105050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epithelial Na+ channels (ENaCs) are known to affect blood pressure through their role in transporting Na+ in the distal nephron of the kidney. While expressed in other epithelial tissues, there is growing evidence that ENaCs are also expressed in nonepithelial tissues where their activity influences blood pressure. This review provides an overview of ENaCs and key mechanisms that regulate channel activity. The role of ENaCs in antigen-presenting dendritic cells is discussed, where ENaC-dependent sensing of increases in the extracellular Na+ concentration leads to activation of a signaling cascade, T cell activation with the release of proinflammatory cytokines, and an increase in blood pressure. The potential contribution of this pathway to human hypertension is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":" ","pages":"381-395"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From Muscle-Based Nonshivering Thermogenesis to Malignant Hyperthermia in Mammals. 从哺乳动物的肌肉非颤动生热到恶性高热。
IF 15.7 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-105205
Bradley S Launikonis, Robyn M Murphy
{"title":"From Muscle-Based Nonshivering Thermogenesis to Malignant Hyperthermia in Mammals.","authors":"Bradley S Launikonis, Robyn M Murphy","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-105205","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-105205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For physiological processes in the vital organs of eutherian mammals to function, it is important to maintain constant core body temperature at ∼37°C. Mammals generate heat internally by thermogenesis. The focus of this review is on heat generated in resting skeletal muscles, using the same cellular components that muscles use to regulate cytoplasmic calcium concentrations [Ca2+] and contraction. Key to this process, known as muscle-based nonshivering thermogenesis (MB-NST), are tiny Ca2+ movements and associated ATP turnover coordinated by the plasma membrane, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and the mitochondria. MB-NST has made mammals with gain-of-function SR ryanodine receptor (RyR) variants vulnerable to excessive heat generation that can be potentially lethal, known as malignant hyperthermia. Studies of RyR variants using recently developed techniques have advanced our understanding of MB-NST.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":" ","pages":"131-150"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Store-Operated Calcium Channels in the Nervous System. 神经系统中的储能钙通道
IF 15.7 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-105330
Kirill S Korshunov, Murali Prakriya
{"title":"Store-Operated Calcium Channels in the Nervous System.","authors":"Kirill S Korshunov, Murali Prakriya","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-105330","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-105330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is a widespread mechanism of cellular Ca2+ signaling that arises from Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane through the Orai family of calcium channels in response to depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores. Orai channels are a crucial Ca2+ entry mechanism in both neurons and glia and are activated by a unique inside-out gating process involving interactions with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sensors, STIM1 and STIM2. Recent evidence indicates that SOCE is broadly found across all areas of the nervous system where its physiology and pathophysiology is only now beginning to be understood. Here, we review the growing literature on the mechanisms of SOCE in the nervous system and contributions to gene expression, neuronal excitability, synaptic plasticity, and behavior. We also explore the burgeoning links between SOCE and neurological disease and discuss therapeutic implications of targeting SOCE for brain disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":" ","pages":"173-199"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142715234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transport and Immune Functions of the Lymphatic System. 淋巴系统的运输和免疫功能。
IF 15.7 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-104908
Michael J Davis, Scott D Zawieja, Philip D King
{"title":"Transport and Immune Functions of the Lymphatic System.","authors":"Michael J Davis, Scott D Zawieja, Philip D King","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-104908","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-104908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two major functions of the lymphatic system are the reabsorption of excess interstitial fluid/protein and the coordination of immune cell interactions and trafficking. Specialized junctions between lymphatic endothelial cells optimize reabsorption. The spontaneous contractions of collecting vessels provide active lymph propulsion. One-way valves prevent backflow, and chemokine gradients direct the migration of immune cells. Specialized compartments within the lymph node facilitate antigen-immune cell interactions to produce innate and acquired immunity. Lymphatic injury and/or mutations in genes controlling vessel/valve development result in contractile/valve dysfunction, reduced immune cell trafficking and, ultimately, lymph-edema. Activated CD4+ T cells produce inflammatory mediators that exacerbate these processes, potentially leading to interstitial and lymphatic vessel remodeling and negatively impacting overall function. Mouse models have advanced our knowledge of lymphatic disease, but clinical trials to reduce the impact of inflammatory mediators have yielded mixed success, implying that additional factors underlying human lymphedema are not yet understood.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":" ","pages":"151-172"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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