Annual review of physiology最新文献

A Mechanistic Rationale for Incretin-Based Therapeutics in the Management of Obesity. 基于胰岛素的肥胖症治疗方法的机制原理。

IF 15.7 1区医学

Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-105443

Ricardo J Samms, Christine M Kusminski

{"title":"A Mechanistic Rationale for Incretin-Based Therapeutics in the Management of Obesity.","authors":"Ricardo J Samms, Christine M Kusminski","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-105443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-105443","url":null,"abstract":"Driven by increased caloric intake relative to expenditure, obesity is a major health concern placing economic and operational strain on healthcare and social care worldwide. Pharmacologically, one of the most effective avenues for the management of excess adiposity is the suppression of appetite. However, owing to the body's natural physiological defense to weight loss and tolerability issues that typically accompany anorectic agents, leveraging this approach to induce sustained weight loss is often easier said than done. As such, to address these challenges, researchers have coupled a thorough understanding of the gut-brain axis with advancements in peptide engineering to design therapeutics mimicking the actions of endocrine hormones to promote a negative energy balance. Indeed, multireceptor agonists targeting the GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors produce meaningful weight loss in people with obesity. Herein, we provide a rationale for how activation of the GIP receptor in the brain and the glucagon receptor in the liver and adipose tissue functions to synergize with GLP-1 receptor agonism to curb the drive to feed and ignite the combustion of excess calories for providing next-generation weight loss.","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142638211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Physiology of Enteric Glia. 肠胶质细胞的生理学。

IF 15.7 1区医学

Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-105016

Jacques Gonzales, Brian D Gulbransen

引用次数: 0

Mechanisms and Implications of Electrical Heterogeneity in Cardiac Function in Ischemic Heart Disease. 缺血性心脏病心功能电异质性的机制及其影响

IF 15.7 1区医学

Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-020541

Hector Martinez-Navarro, Xin Zhou, Blanca Rodriguez

{"title":"Mechanisms and Implications of Electrical Heterogeneity in Cardiac Function in Ischemic Heart Disease.","authors":"Hector Martinez-Navarro, Xin Zhou, Blanca Rodriguez","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-020541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-020541","url":null,"abstract":"A healthy heart shows intrinsic electrical heterogeneities that play a significant role in cardiac activation and repolarization. However, cardiac diseases may perturb the baseline electrical properties of the healthy cardiac tissue, leading to increased arrhythmic risk and compromised cardiac functions. Moreover, biological variability among patients produces a wide range of clinical symptoms, which complicates the treatment and diagnosis of cardiac diseases. Ischemic heart disease is usually caused by a partial or complete blockage of a coronary artery. The onset of the disease begins with myocardial ischemia, which can develop into myocardial infarction if it persists for an extended period. The progressive regional tissue remodeling leads to increased electrical heterogeneities, with adverse consequences on arrhythmic risk, cardiac mechanics, and mortality. This review aims to summarize the key role of electrical heterogeneities in the heart on cardiac function and diseases. Ischemic heart disease has been chosen as an example to show how adverse electrical remodeling at different stages may lead to variable manifestations in patients. For this, we have reviewed the dynamic electrophysiological and structural remodeling from the onset of acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion to acute and chronic stages post-myocardial infarction. The arrhythmic mechanisms, patient phenotypes, risk stratification at different stages, and patient management strategies are also discussed. Finally, we provide a brief review on how computational approaches incorporate human electrophysiological heterogeneity to facilitate basic and translational research.","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Lymphatic Vasculature in Lung Homeostasis and Disease. 肺稳态和疾病中的淋巴管。

IF 15.7 1区医学

Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-105311

Katharina Maisel, Hasina Outtz Reed

引用次数: 0

Epithelial Na+ Channels, Immune Cells, and Salt. 上皮细胞 Na+ 通道、免疫细胞和盐。

IF 15.7 1区医学

Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-105050

Annet Kirabo, Sepiso K Masenga, Thomas R Kleyman

引用次数: 0

Preterm Brain Injury: Mechanisms and Challenges. 早产儿脑损伤：机制与挑战。

IF 15.7 1区医学

Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-104754

Michael J Beacom, Alistair J Gunn, Laura Bennet

引用次数: 0

Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases in Metabolism: A New Frontier for Therapeutics. 新陈代谢中的蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶：治疗的新领域。

IF 15.7 1区医学

Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-105540

Anton M Bennett, Tony Tiganis

引用次数: 0

Intestinal Tuft Cells: Morphology, Function, and Implications for Human Health. 肠绒毛细胞：形态、功能和对人类健康的意义。

IF 15.7 1区医学

Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Epub Date: 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-030310

Jennifer B Silverman, Paige N Vega, Matthew J Tyska, Ken S Lau

{"title":"Intestinal Tuft Cells: Morphology, Function, and Implications for Human Health.","authors":"Jennifer B Silverman, Paige N Vega, Matthew J Tyska, Ken S Lau","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-030310","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-030310","url":null,"abstract":"Tuft cells are a rare and morphologically distinct chemosensory cell type found throughout many organs, including the gastrointestinal tract. These cells were identified by their unique morphologies distinguished by large apical protrusions. Ultrastructural data have begun to describe the molecular underpinnings of their cytoskeletal features, and tuft cell-enriched cytoskeletal proteins have been identified, although the connection of tuft cell morphology to tuft cell functionality has not yet been established. Furthermore, tuft cells display variations in function and identity between and within tissues, leading to the delineation of distinct tuft cell populations. As a chemosensory cell type, they display receptors that are responsive to ligands specific for their environment. While many studies have demonstrated the tuft cell response to protists and helminths in the intestine, recent research has highlighted other roles of tuft cells as well as implicated tuft cells in other disease processes including inflammation, cancer, and viral infections. Here, we review the literature on the cytoskeletal structure of tuft cells. Additionally, we focus on new research discussing tuft cell lineage, ligand-receptor interactions, tuft cell tropism, and the role of tuft cells in intestinal disease. Finally, we discuss the implication of tuft cell-targeted therapies in human health and how the morphology of tuft cells may contribute to their functionality.","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":" ","pages":"479-504"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11193883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49673724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adipose Tissue in Cardiovascular Disease: From Basic Science to Clinical Translation. 心血管疾病中的脂肪组织：从基础科学到临床翻译。

IF 18.2 1区医学

Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Epub Date: 2023-06-11 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042222-021346

Murray D Polkinghorne, Henry W West, Charalambos Antoniades

{"title":"Adipose Tissue in Cardiovascular Disease: From Basic Science to Clinical Translation.","authors":"Murray D Polkinghorne, Henry W West, Charalambos Antoniades","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-042222-021346","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-042222-021346","url":null,"abstract":"The perception of adipose tissue as a metabolically quiescent tissue, primarily responsible for lipid storage and energy balance (with some endocrine, thermogenic, and insulation functions), has changed. It is now accepted that adipose tissue is a crucial regulator of metabolic health, maintaining bidirectional communication with other organs including the cardiovascular system. Additionally, adipose tissue depots are functionally and morphologically heterogeneous, acting not only as sources of bioactive molecules that regulate the physiological functioning of the vasculature and myocardium but also as biosensors of the paracrine and endocrine signals arising from these tissues. In this way, adipose tissue undergoes phenotypic switching in response to vascular and/or myocardial signals (proinflammatory, profibrotic, prolipolytic), a process that novel imaging technologies are able to visualize and quantify with implications for clinical prognosis. Furthermore, a range of therapeutic modalities have emerged targeting adipose tissue metabolism and altering its secretome, potentially benefiting those at risk of cardiovascular disease.","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":" ","pages":"175-198"},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71477418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular Crowding: Physiologic Sensing and Control. 分子拥挤：生理传感与控制。

IF 15.7 1区医学

Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Epub Date: 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042222-025920

Arohan R Subramanya, Cary R Boyd-Shiwarski

{"title":"Molecular Crowding: Physiologic Sensing and Control.","authors":"Arohan R Subramanya, Cary R Boyd-Shiwarski","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-042222-025920","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-042222-025920","url":null,"abstract":"The cytoplasm is densely packed with molecules that contribute to its nonideal behavior. Cytosolic crowding influences chemical reaction rates, intracellular water mobility, and macromolecular complex formation. Overcrowding is potentially catastrophic; to counteract this problem, cells have evolved acute and chronic homeostatic mechanisms that optimize cellular crowdedness. Here, we provide a physiology-focused overview of molecular crowding, highlighting contemporary advances in our understanding of its sensing and control. Long hypothesized as a form of crowding-induced microcompartmentation, phase separation allows cells to detect and respond to intracellular crowding through the action of biomolecular condensates, as indicated by recent studies. Growing evidence indicates that crowding is closely tied to cell size and fluid volume, homeostatic responses to physical compression and desiccation, tissue architecture, circadian rhythm, aging, transepithelial transport, and total body electrolyte and water balance. Thus, molecular crowding is a fundamental physiologic parameter that impacts diverse functions extending from molecule to organism.","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":" ","pages":"429-452"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11472293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71477419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0