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Annual review of physiology最新文献

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Neural Mechanisms That Make Perceptual Decisions Flexible. 使感知决策灵活的神经机制。
IF 15.7 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2023-02-10 Epub Date: 2022-11-07 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-031722-024731
Gouki Okazawa, Roozbeh Kiani
{"title":"Neural Mechanisms That Make Perceptual Decisions Flexible.","authors":"Gouki Okazawa, Roozbeh Kiani","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-031722-024731","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-031722-024731","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neural mechanisms of perceptual decision making have been extensively studied in experimental settings that mimic stable environments with repeating stimuli, fixed rules, and payoffs. In contrast, we live in an ever-changing environment and have varying goals and behavioral demands. To accommodate variability, our brain flexibly adjusts decision-making processes depending on context. Here, we review a growing body of research that explores the neural mechanisms underlying this flexibility. We highlight diverse forms of context dependency in decision making implemented through a variety of neural computations. Context-dependent neural activity is observed in a distributed network of brain structures, including posterior parietal, sensory, motor, and subcortical regions, as well as the prefrontal areas classically implicated in cognitive control. We propose that investigating the distributed network underlying flexible decisions is key to advancing our understanding and discuss a path forward for experimental and theoretical investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"191-215"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10308708/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9701614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Polycystin Channel Complexes. 多囊卵巢蛋白通道复合物。
IF 15.7 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2023-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-031522-084334
Orhi Esarte Palomero, Megan Larmore, Paul G DeCaen
{"title":"Polycystin Channel Complexes.","authors":"Orhi Esarte Palomero, Megan Larmore, Paul G DeCaen","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-031522-084334","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-031522-084334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polycystin subunits can form hetero- and homotetrameric ion channels in the membranes of various compartments of the cell. Homotetrameric polycystin channels are voltage- and calcium-modulated, whereas heterotetrameric versions are proposed to be ligand- or autoproteolytically regulated. Their importance is underscored by variants associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and by vital roles in fertilization and embryonic development. The diversity in polycystin assembly and subcellular distribution allows for a multitude of sensory functions by this class of channels. In this review, we highlight their recent structural and functional characterization, which has provided a molecular blueprint to investigate the conformational changes required for channel opening in response to unique stimuli. We consider each polycystin channel type individually, discussing how they contribute to sensory cell biology, as well as their impact on the physiology of various tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"425-448"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10029091/pdf/nihms-1882989.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9208372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Insulin Clearance in Health and Disease. 胰岛素清除在健康和疾病。
IF 18.2 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2023-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-031622-043133
Sonia M Najjar, Sonia Caprio, Amalia Gastaldelli
{"title":"Insulin Clearance in Health and Disease.","authors":"Sonia M Najjar,&nbsp;Sonia Caprio,&nbsp;Amalia Gastaldelli","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-031622-043133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-031622-043133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insulin action is impaired in type 2 diabetes. The functions of the hormone are an integrated product of insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells and insulin clearance by receptor-mediated endocytosis and degradation, mostly in liver (hepatocytes) and, to a lower extent, in extrahepatic peripheral tissues. Substantial evidence indicates that genetic or acquired abnormalities of insulin secretion or action predispose to type 2 diabetes. In recent years, along with the discovery of the molecular foundation of receptor-mediated insulin clearance, such as through the membrane glycoprotein CEACAM1, a consensus has begun to emerge that reduction of insulin clearance contributes to the disease process. In this review, we consider the evidence suggesting a pathogenic role for reduced insulin clearance in insulin resistance, obesity, hepatic steatosis, and type 2 diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"363-381"},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9305312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Paligenosis: Cellular Remodeling During Tissue Repair. 复生:组织修复过程中的细胞重塑。
IF 18.2 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2022-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-061121-035954
Jeffrey W Brown, Charles J Cho, Jason C Mills
{"title":"Paligenosis: Cellular Remodeling During Tissue Repair.","authors":"Jeffrey W Brown,&nbsp;Charles J Cho,&nbsp;Jason C Mills","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-061121-035954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-061121-035954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Complex multicellular organisms have evolved specific mechanisms to replenish cells in homeostasis and during repair. Here, we discuss how emerging technologies (e.g., single-cell RNA sequencing) challenge the concept that tissue renewal is fueled by unidirectional differentiation from a resident stem cell. We now understand that cell plasticity, i.e., cells adaptively changing differentiation state or identity, is a central tissue renewal mechanism. For example, mature cells can access an evolutionarily conserved program (paligenosis) to reenter the cell cycle and regenerate damaged tissue. Most tissues lack dedicated stem cells and rely on plasticity to regenerate lost cells. Plasticity benefits multicellular organisms, yet it also carries risks. For one, when long-lived cells undergo paligenotic, cyclical proliferation and redif-ferentiation, they can accumulate and propagate acquired mutations that activate oncogenes and increase the potential for developing cancer. Lastly, we propose a new framework for classifying patterns of cell proliferation in homeostasis and regeneration, with stem cells representing just one of the diverse methods that adult tissues employ.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"84 ","pages":"461-483"},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8831470/pdf/nihms-1765649.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9238765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Vaping and Lung Inflammation and Injury. 电子烟与肺部炎症和损伤。
IF 18.2 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2022-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-061121-040014
Jin-Ah Park, Laura E Crotty Alexander, David C Christiani
{"title":"Vaping and Lung Inflammation and Injury.","authors":"Jin-Ah Park,&nbsp;Laura E Crotty Alexander,&nbsp;David C Christiani","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-061121-040014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-061121-040014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of electronic (e)-cigarettes was initially considered a beneficial solution to conventional cigarette smoking cessation. However, paradoxically, e-cigarette use is rapidly growing among nonsmokers, including youth and young adults. In 2019, this rapid growth resulted in an epidemic of hospitalizations and deaths of e-cigarette users (vapers) due to acute lung injury; this novel disease was termed e-cigarette or vaping use-associated lung injury (EVALI). Pathophysiologic mechanisms of EVALI likely involve cytotoxicity and neutrophilic inflammation caused by inhaled chemicals, but further details remain unknown. The undiscovered mechanisms of EVALI are a barrier to identifying biomarkers and developing therapeutics. Furthermore, adverse effects of e-cigarette use have been linked to chronic lung diseases and systemic effects on multiple organs. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the diverse spectrum of vaping exposures, epidemiological and clinical reports, and experimental findings to provide a better understanding of EVALI and the adverse health effects of chronic e-cigarette exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"84 ","pages":"611-629"},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10228557/pdf/nihms-1788026.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9534252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
Cardiac Transverse Tubules in Physiology and Heart Failure. 心脏横小管生理学和心力衰竭。
IF 18.2 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2022-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-061121-040148
Katharine M Dibb, William E Louch, Andrew W Trafford
{"title":"Cardiac Transverse Tubules in Physiology and Heart Failure.","authors":"Katharine M Dibb,&nbsp;William E Louch,&nbsp;Andrew W Trafford","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-061121-040148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-061121-040148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In mammalian cardiac myocytes, the plasma membrane includes the surface sarcolemma but also a network of membrane invaginations called transverse (t-) tubules. These structures carry the action potential deep into the cell interior, allowing efficient triggering of Ca<sup>2+</sup> release and initiation of contraction. Once thought to serve as rather static enablers of excitation-contraction coupling, recent work has provided a newfound appreciation of the plasticity of the t-tubule network's structure and function. Indeed, t-tubules are now understood to support dynamic regulation of the heartbeat across a range of timescales, during all stages of life, in both health and disease. This review article aims to summarize these concepts, with consideration given to emerging t-tubule regulators and their targeting in future therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"84 ","pages":"229-255"},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10300726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Alcohol-Associated Tissue Injury: Current Views on Pathophysiological Mechanisms. 酒精相关组织损伤：病理生理机制的最新观点。
IF 15.7 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2022-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-060821-014008
Liz Simon, Flavia M Souza-Smith, Patricia E Molina
{"title":"Alcohol-Associated Tissue Injury: Current Views on Pathophysiological Mechanisms.","authors":"Liz Simon, Flavia M Souza-Smith, Patricia E Molina","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-060821-014008","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-060821-014008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>At-risk alcohol use is a major contributor to the global health care burden and leads to preventable deaths and diseases including alcohol addiction, alcoholic liver disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, traumatic injuries, gastrointestinal diseases, cancers, and fetal alcohol syndrome. Excessive and frequent alcohol consumption has increasingly been linked to alcohol-associated tissue injury and pathophysiology, which have significant adverse effects on multiple organ systems. Extensive research in animal and in vitro models has elucidated the salient mechanisms involved in alcohol-induced tissue and organ injury. In some cases, these pathophysiological mechanisms are shared across organ systems. The major alcohol- and alcohol metabolite-mediated mechanisms include oxidative stress, inflammation and immunometabolic dysregulation, gut leak and dysbiosis, cell death, extracellular matrix remodeling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and epigenomic modifications. These mechanisms are complex and interrelated, and determining the interplay among them will make it possible to identify how they synergistically or additively interact to cause alcohol-mediated multiorgan injury. In this article, we review the current understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms involved in alcohol-induced tissue injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"84 ","pages":"87-112"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11268381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10613279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cardiomyocyte Microtubules: Control of Mechanics, Transport, and Remodeling. 心肌细胞微管：控制力学、运输和重塑。
IF 15.7 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2022-02-10 Epub Date: 2021-10-06 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-062421-040656
Keita Uchida, Emily A Scarborough, Benjamin L Prosser
{"title":"Cardiomyocyte Microtubules: Control of Mechanics, Transport, and Remodeling.","authors":"Keita Uchida, Emily A Scarborough, Benjamin L Prosser","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-062421-040656","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-062421-040656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microtubules are essential cytoskeletal elements found in all eukaryotic cells. The structure and composition of microtubules regulate their function, and the dynamic remodeling of the network by posttranslational modifications and microtubule-associated proteins generates diverse populations of microtubules adapted for various contexts. In the cardiomyocyte, the microtubules must accommodate the unique challenges faced by a highly contractile, rigidly structured, and long-lasting cell. Through their canonical trafficking role and positioning of mRNA, proteins, and organelles, microtubules regulate essential cardiomyocyte functions such as electrical activity, calcium handling, protein translation, and growth. In a more specialized role, posttranslationally modified microtubules form load-bearing structures that regulate myocyte mechanics and mechanotransduction. Modified microtubules proliferate in cardiovascular diseases, creating stabilized resistive elements that impede cardiomyocyte contractility and contribute to contractile dysfunction. In this review, we highlight the most exciting new concepts emerging from recent studies into canonical and noncanonical roles of cardiomyocyte microtubules.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"84 ","pages":"257-283"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9097619/pdf/nihms-1800999.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9482095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Running the Female Power Grid Across Lifespan Through Brain Estrogen Signaling. 通过大脑雌激素信号在整个生命周期运行女性电网
IF 15.7 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2022-02-10 Epub Date: 2021-11-15 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-061121-035914
Holly A Ingraham, Candice B Herber, William C Krause
{"title":"Running the Female Power Grid Across Lifespan Through Brain Estrogen Signaling.","authors":"Holly A Ingraham, Candice B Herber, William C Krause","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-061121-035914","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-061121-035914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The role of central estrogen in cognitive, metabolic, and reproductive health has long fascinated the lay public and scientists alike. In the last two decades, insight into estrogen signaling in the brain and its impact on female physiology is beginning to catch up with the vast information already established for its actions on peripheral tissues. Using newer methods to manipulate estrogen signaling in hormone-sensitive brain regions, neuroscientists are now identifying the molecular pathways and neuronal subtypes required for controlling sex-dependent energy allocation. However, the immense cellular complexity of these hormone-sensitive brain regions makes it clear that more research is needed to fully appreciate how estrogen modulates neural circuits to regulate physiological and behavioral end points. Such insight is essential for understanding how natural or drug-induced hormone fluctuations across lifespan affect women's health.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"84 ","pages":"59-85"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8831472/pdf/nihms-1771780.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10682557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Physiological Functions of CRAC Channels. CRAC通道的生理功能。
IF 18.2 1区 医学
Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2022-02-10 Epub Date: 2021-10-12 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-052521-013426
Scott M Emrich, Ryan E Yoast, Mohamed Trebak
{"title":"Physiological Functions of CRAC Channels.","authors":"Scott M Emrich,&nbsp;Ryan E Yoast,&nbsp;Mohamed Trebak","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-052521-013426","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-052521-013426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Store-operated Ca<sup>2+</sup> entry (SOCE) is a ubiquitous Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling pathway that is evolutionarily conserved across eukaryotes. SOCE is triggered physiologically when the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca<sup>2+</sup> stores are emptied through activation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors. SOCE is mediated by the Ca<sup>2+</sup> release-activated Ca<sup>2+</sup> (CRAC) channels, which are highly Ca<sup>2+</sup> selective. Upon store depletion, the ER Ca<sup>2+</sup>-sensing STIM proteins aggregate and gain extended conformations spanning the ER-plasma membrane junctional space to bind and activate Orai, the pore-forming proteins of hexameric CRAC channels. In recent years, studies on STIM and Orai tissue-specific knockout mice and gain- and loss-of-function mutations in humans have shed light on the physiological functions of SOCE in various tissues. Here, we describe recent findings on the composition of native CRAC channels and their physiological functions in immune, muscle, secretory, and neuronal systems to draw lessons from transgenic mice and human diseases caused by altered CRAC channel activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"84 ","pages":"355-379"},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10219792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 37
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