Welding in the World最新文献_第5页

Microstructural evolution of sapphire/Kovar alloy joints brazed with Ag–Cu-Ti filler Ag-Cu-Ti钎料钎焊蓝宝石/Kovar合金接头的组织演变

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-025-01925-7

Linlin Yuan, Yinglong Zhang, Yuefeng Qi, Xiaomeng Huang, Xu Liu

引用次数: 0

Passive vision-based wire-filling weaving GTAW weld seam tracking 基于被动视觉的补丝编织GTAW焊缝跟踪

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-025-01939-1

Wenkai Wang, Yu Shi, Chunkai Li, Yu Pan, Yufen Gu, Ming Zhu

{"title":"Passive vision-based wire-filling weaving GTAW weld seam tracking","authors":"Wenkai Wang, Yu Shi, Chunkai Li, Yu Pan, Yufen Gu, Ming Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s40194-025-01939-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-025-01939-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The weld seams of large liquefied nature gas (LNG) storage tanks are long, straight butt welds made of 9% nickel steel. The GTAW process, involving AC current, torch weaving, and filler wire feeding, introduces significant interference to traditional weld seam tracking methods such as arc sensing, acoustic sensing, and laser vision sensing. Consequently, welding has long relied on manual operation, resulting in inconsistent weld quality and high labor intensity. This paper proposes a passive vision-based weld seam tracking method to address the limitations of traditional methods under these working conditions. A series of algorithms, including pixel grayscale calculations, particle filtering, and summation-difference methods, were used to extract the arc, molten pool regions, and groove edges from the images. The average deviation and arc length over one torch weaving cycle, filtered through Kalman filtering, were calculated to achieve GTAW weld seam tracking under these conditions, effectively mitigating interference from the aforementioned factors in feature extraction. Real-time monitoring and control welding experiments were conducted on workpieces with preset offset trajectories, producing smooth and flat weld seams. The detection accuracy can reach up to approximately 0.019 mm, with an average processing time of 58.37 ms per frame. The detection accuracy and system response time meet the requirements for industrial applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 5","pages":"1219 - 1228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-component and multi-phase-field modelling of solidification microstructural evolution in Inconel 625 alloy during laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing 激光粉末床熔融增材制造过程中Inconel 625合金凝固组织演变的多组分多相场模拟

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-025-01932-8

Soma Maji, Murugaiyan Amirthalingam

{"title":"Multi-component and multi-phase-field modelling of solidification microstructural evolution in Inconel 625 alloy during laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing","authors":"Soma Maji, Murugaiyan Amirthalingam","doi":"10.1007/s40194-025-01932-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-025-01932-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Inconel 625 alloy, known for exceptional mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, is widely used in aerospace, power generation, and marine applications. Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) excels in manufacturing complex geometries with good surface finish. However, LPBF printed microstructure is highly heterogeneous due to the rapid and complex thermal cycles, necessitating careful parameter selection to prevent the stabilisation of detrimental phases. Experimental parametric optimisation of LPBF is challenging due to the cost and complex inter-playing process variables. Therefore, mathematical modelling is advantageous for optimising LPBF parameters. A 3D heat source model was developed using finite element method (FEM) to analyse thermal cycles with bed-preheating and varying laser parameters in LPBF of IN625. The model focused on a simplified thermal cycle method, where all elements in a layer were set to melt at once to reduce the computational time. A multi-phase-field method (M-PFM) was developed to simulate the microstructural evolution as a function of FEM-generated thermal boundary conditions. The morphological and elemental segregation behaviour of evolving microstructure was simulated. The dendrite morphology predicted by simulations showed strong agreement with experimental observations. The primary dendritic arm spacing (PDAS) obtained from phase-field and analytical models matched the experimental trends, validating the adapted modelling approach. The segregation and the microstructural evolution were found to be strongly influenced by the prevailing temperature gradients and the cooling rates of the melt pool, along with the peak temperatures reached during the remelting cycles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 4","pages":"1023 - 1043"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40194-025-01932-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transverse varestraint weldability testing in laser powder bed fusion 316L stainless steel 激光粉末床熔合316L不锈钢横向变应变可焊性试验

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-025-01933-7

Jhoan Guzman, Kaue C. Riffel, Jacque W. Berkson, Samuel Casto, Antonio J. Ramirez

{"title":"Transverse varestraint weldability testing in laser powder bed fusion 316L stainless steel","authors":"Jhoan Guzman, Kaue C. Riffel, Jacque W. Berkson, Samuel Casto, Antonio J. Ramirez","doi":"10.1007/s40194-025-01933-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-025-01933-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The use of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) for faster and more customized manufacturing has grown significantly. However, LPBF parts often require welding to other components, raising concerns about their weldability due to differences in microstructure compared to conventionally manufactured parts. Despite its importance, research on the weldability of additive manufacturing materials remains limited. This study aims to evaluate the susceptibility of LPBF 316L stainless steel to weld solidification cracking using transverse varestraint testing and compare results with conventional 316L. Tests were conducted across strain levels from 0.5 to 7%, revealing a saturated strain of 4%, with maximum crack length (MCL), maximum crack distance (MCD), and total number of cracks (TNC) of approximately 0.36 mm and 31, respectively. Compared to existing literature, LPBF 316L produced with optimized printing parameters and low nickel equivalent content exhibited higher resistance to weld solidification cracking, reflected in lower MCL and MCD values. Cracks initiated at the solidus interface and propagated along the ferrite–austenite boundary under strain. Microstructural changes were observed after testing, transitioning from cellular austenitic solidification in LPBF to a skeletal ferrite-austenitic mode due to material remelting and slower cooling rates. These findings highlight that reduced nickel equivalent, alongside optimized printing parameters, contribute to enhanced weld solidification cracking resistance in LPBF 316L. This study advances understanding of the weldability of LPBF materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 4","pages":"1045 - 1056"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40194-025-01933-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on the improvement method of Goodman-Smith diagrams based on IIW standard and unilateral tolerance coefficient method 基于IIW标准和单边公差系数法的古德曼-史密斯图改进方法研究

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-025-01943-5

Jiayu Liu, Yuedong Wang, Jiaqi Zhang, Yuhan Tang, Qi Dong, Letian Fan

{"title":"Study on the improvement method of Goodman-Smith diagrams based on IIW standard and unilateral tolerance coefficient method","authors":"Jiayu Liu, Yuedong Wang, Jiaqi Zhang, Yuhan Tang, Qi Dong, Letian Fan","doi":"10.1007/s40194-025-01943-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-025-01943-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Goodman-Smith (GS) diagrams are widely used for fatigue strength assessment of bogies as a common method for welded structures. The traditional GS diagrams proposed by the UIC ORE B12/RP17 standard suffer from the problems of too large a safety factor leading to optimistic assessment results and data scarcity. Therefore, an improved method of GS diagrams for base metals and welded joints was proposed. The traditional GS diagrams were improved by combining the IIW standard and the unilateral tolerance coefficient method. The design guidelines of the traditional GS diagrams were incorporated into the improved GS diagrams to obtain the improved design guidelines. Within this framework, the improved GS diagrams were validated by applying base metal specimens with three common welded joints. The results showed that the safety factor was reduced to 0.3–0.5 times the original factor for the same survival rate and confidence level. The accuracy of the fatigue strength assessment was improved. Finally, the improved GS diagrams were used for the fatigue strength assessment of the critical base metal and weld region of the bogie frame, which provided a new reference for the fatigue strength assessment research in the field of rail transport.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 3","pages":"701 - 716"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Welding of additively manufactured aluminium alloy components: challenges and mitigation strategies 增材制造铝合金部件的焊接：挑战和缓解策略

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-025-01923-9

Rafael Nunes, Koen Faes, Wim Verlinde, Florian Probst, Jens De Freese, Julius Arnhold, Wim De Waele, Matthieu Lezaack, Aude Simar

{"title":"Welding of additively manufactured aluminium alloy components: challenges and mitigation strategies","authors":"Rafael Nunes, Koen Faes, Wim Verlinde, Florian Probst, Jens De Freese, Julius Arnhold, Wim De Waele, Matthieu Lezaack, Aude Simar","doi":"10.1007/s40194-025-01923-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-025-01923-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Additive manufacturing (AM) has contributed to significant advances in the production of aluminium alloys, particularly through powder bed fusion (PBF) and directed energy deposition (DED) processes. However, joining of conventionally and additively manufactured components remains essential. This work focuses on the weldability of AM aluminium alloys using fusion and solid-state welding processes. The study analyses the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties, revealing a relationship between AM technology and joining process. In particular, fusion welding of PBF-laser beam (LB) produced aluminium alloys presented a significant limitation due to the high porosity level, especially in the weld zone near the PBF-LB base material. This region of high porosity, known as the pore belt region, has an enormous detrimental effect on the mechanical properties of the weld. This phenomenon is not observed when the welds are carried out by solid-state welding processes, which makes this group of welding processes very suitable for this type of material. On the other hand, fusion welding of aluminium alloys produced by wire arc additive manufacturing (DED-Arc or WAAM) exhibits a good stability and repeatability, analogous to conventional aluminium alloy welding practices. Rotational friction welding of DED-Arc-produced components presented an unexpected challenge. Due to the difference in ductility compared to conventionally manufactured parts, the process window for optimal process pressure was found to be very narrow and sensitive. The findings are confirmed by metallographic examination, hardness profile measurement, tensile and bend testing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 4","pages":"1003 - 1021"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microstructure evolution and growth kinetics of Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compound at liquid-solid interfaces in Cu/Sn/Cu interconnects under ultrasonic waves 超声作用下Cu/Sn/Cu互连液固界面Cu6Sn5金属间化合物的微观结构演变及生长动力学

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-025-01926-6

Hongwei Niu, Hong Bian, Jian Wang, Xiaoguo Song, Hongyun Zhao

{"title":"Microstructure evolution and growth kinetics of Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compound at liquid-solid interfaces in Cu/Sn/Cu interconnects under ultrasonic waves","authors":"Hongwei Niu, Hong Bian, Jian Wang, Xiaoguo Song, Hongyun Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s40194-025-01926-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-025-01926-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The microstructure evolution and growth kinetics of Cu<sub>6</sub>Sn<sub>5</sub> intermetallic compound (IMC) in a Cu/Sn/Cu interconnection during ultrasonic-assisted transient liquid phase (TLP) soldering were studied. Being different from the symmetrical growth during isothermal aging without ultrasonic waves (USW), highly asymmetrical growth of Cu<sub>6</sub>Sn<sub>5</sub> at the upper and lower Sn/Cu interfaces was observed with USW. Cu<sub>6</sub>Sn<sub>5</sub> grains exhibited scallop-type morphology and were discrete at the upper interface; while that at the lower Sn/Cu interface exhibited column-type morphology and were conterminous at the lower interface. USW induced Cu atom migration from the upper Cu surface to the lower interface, providing a sufficient atomic flux for rapid Cu<sub>6</sub>Sn<sub>5</sub> formation at the lower interface and creating cavitation pits on the upper Cu surface. A growth model was developed to explain the Cu<sub>6</sub>Sn<sub>5</sub> IMC kinetics, suggesting a reaction-controlled growth mechanism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 6","pages":"1689 - 1696"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fatigue assessment of welded pure copper hairpins using notch stress concept 用缺口应力概念评价焊接纯铜发夹的疲劳

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-024-01902-6

Jesse Ceruso, Max Mannsperger, Jens Mischko, Alfons Esderts

引用次数: 0

High cyclic fatigue behavior of 3D-printed titanium alloy TA15 3d打印钛合金TA15的高周疲劳行为

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-025-01945-3

Volodymyr Nesterenkov, Serhiy Akhonin, Illia Klochkov, Vladyslav Matviichuk, Volodymyr Berezos, Sviatoslav Motrunich

{"title":"High cyclic fatigue behavior of 3D-printed titanium alloy TA15","authors":"Volodymyr Nesterenkov, Serhiy Akhonin, Illia Klochkov, Vladyslav Matviichuk, Volodymyr Berezos, Sviatoslav Motrunich","doi":"10.1007/s40194-025-01945-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-025-01945-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Titanium alloy TA15, a pseudo α-alloy from the Ti–Al-Zr-Mo-V system, has garnered significant interest due to its high specific strength, excellent corrosion resistance, and superior heat resistance. This study investigates the high cyclic fatigue behavior of 3D-printed TA15, highlighting its application in aerospace, automotive, and biomedical industries. Traditional manufacturing of elements and components from TA15 involves billets and forging, ensuring high-quality metal but incurring high costs due to extensive and complex machining processes. Additive manufacturing, particularly by electron beam melting (EBM) technology, offers a promising alternative by reducing material waste and enabling rapid prototyping. This research evaluates the mechanical properties, microstructure, and fatigue performance of TA15 specimens produced via EBM. Initial findings indicate that 3D-printed TA15 exhibits strength and comparable fatigue resistance to conventionally manufactured counterparts, making it a viable option for critical applications. The study provides insights into optimizing the AM process for TA15 to enhance its performance and reliability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 3","pages":"717 - 725"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In situ alloying of AlCuSi using dual-wire-directed energy deposition with plasma 等离子体双线定向能量沉积原位合金化AlCuSi

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-025-01935-5

S. Reinbacher, T. Klein, C. Simson, F. Warchomicka, P. Spoerk-Erdely, N. Enzinger

{"title":"In situ alloying of AlCuSi using dual-wire-directed energy deposition with plasma","authors":"S. Reinbacher, T. Klein, C. Simson, F. Warchomicka, P. Spoerk-Erdely, N. Enzinger","doi":"10.1007/s40194-025-01935-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-025-01935-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current research explores additive manufacturing of a multi-phase material using dual-wire plasma-directed energy deposition technology. With this approach, new materials can be designed and tested easily on the basis of commercially available consumables. In this work, AlSi5 and CuAl8 solid wire consumables are used to produce a specific AlCuSi alloy by controlling the welding parameters and the wire feed ratio. Initial experimentation results in an alloy with 85.7 at.% aluminum, 8.4 at.% copper, 2.7 at.% silicon, and 3.2 at.% magnesium, but with some instabilities during the process. The presence of magnesium in the chemical composition could be related to plasma interaction with the substrate during the welding process. After optimizing the process parameters, the chemical composition obtained is about 76.3 at.% aluminum, 19.9 at.% copper, and 3.8 at.% silicon. Using microstructural analysis via light and scanning electron microscopy, defects such as pores and inadequately melted Cu wire material are observed in all materials produced. Although the optimization of the melting process improved the microstructure, it also increased the copper content, which in turn exerts a significant influence on the mechanical properties. Mechanical testing indicates significant embrittlement. The results underscore that the microstructure is heavily influenced by the chemical composition. Microstructural changes caused by the higher copper content, i.e., in particular the increase of the volume fraction of brittle intermetallic phases such as θ-Al<sub>2</sub>Cu, result in severe embrittlement of the obtained materials, denoted by higher hardness and reduced toughness. We conclude that the use of dual-wire plasma additive manufacturing can develop new materials by in situ alloying.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 3","pages":"849 - 859"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40194-025-01935-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0