Welding in the World最新文献

Analysis of the impact of isothermal hardening on the mechanical properties and abrasion resistance of welded joints on Hardox Extreme steel 等温淬火对 Hardox Extreme 钢焊接接头机械性能和耐磨性的影响分析

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-025-01948-0

Martyna Zemlik, Łukasz Konat, Beata Białobrzeska, Paweł Skoczylas, Krzysztof Jamroziak

{"title":"Analysis of the impact of isothermal hardening on the mechanical properties and abrasion resistance of welded joints on Hardox Extreme steel","authors":"Martyna Zemlik, Łukasz Konat, Beata Białobrzeska, Paweł Skoczylas, Krzysztof Jamroziak","doi":"10.1007/s40194-025-01948-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-025-01948-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The object of the research reported in this study was a welded joint of Hardox Extreme steel, made using submerged arc welding (SAW) and subjected to thermal treatments involving isothermal hardening in various temperature–time variants. This treatment serves as an alternative to conventional hardening, enabling the achievement of high mechanical indices in selected cases due to the formation of fine-lath martensite or lower bainite microstructures. Heat-treated joints were analyzed macro- and microstructurally using stereoscopic, light (LM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The study also determined selected mechanical properties, such as hardness, tensile strength, relative elongation, and reduction of area at break, as well as impact toughness at ambient and reduced temperatures. A separate section was dedicated to characterizing abrasion resistance in the presence of loose abrasive, along with determining the relationship between this parameter and the identified mechanical characteristics. Based on the analysis of the microphotographic images obtained, the main wear mechanisms were also characterized. The analysis of the results allowed the conclusion that in the case of isothermal hardening, the factor determining the obtained microstructural and mechanical properties is the temperature of the performed thermal operations. Furthermore, after the conducted thermal treatments, the parameters characterizing the ductility of the welded joint improved by several percent compared to the state immediately after welding. Therefore, the main goal of the technological operations conducted on welded joints of high-strength steels can be defined as improving ductility, which is justified in applications considering alternatives even to structural steels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 3","pages":"793 - 812"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Formulation for evaluating tensile strength of girth weld joint of linepipe with softened HAZ under internal pressure

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-025-01941-7

S. Onuki, M. Mitsuya, M. Ohata

{"title":"Formulation for evaluating tensile strength of girth weld joint of linepipe with softened HAZ under internal pressure","authors":"S. Onuki, M. Mitsuya, M. Ohata","doi":"10.1007/s40194-025-01941-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-025-01941-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Buried gas pipeline is subjected to a large axial load due to earthquake-induced ground flow. The deformability of the pipeline depends on the strength of the girth weld joint. Since the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of tempered steels is locally softened due to the heat input of girth welding, the strength of the girth weld may be affected by softened HAZ. In addition, as for gas pipeline, the effect of internal pressure on the strength of the girth weld joint should be considered. Therefore, this paper proposes a tensile strength evaluation formula for girth weld joint with softened HAZ under internal pressure. The formula is developed by modifying the existing tensile strength evaluation formula of the wide plate of weld joint with softened HAZ, considering the effect of internal pressure using the elastoplastic finite element analysis. In this modification, the effect of both internal pressures on the apparent tensile strength of pipe material and the shrinkage behaviour of pipe material are focused on. Furthermore, the validity of the modified formula is demonstrated by conducting full-scale pipe tension tests.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 3","pages":"781 - 792"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of resistance to gaseous hydrogen of a longitudinal weld seam in a X65 pipeline using the hollow specimen technique 利用空心试样技术研究 X65 管道纵向焊缝的抗气态氢性能

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-025-01953-3

Florian Konert, Jonathan Nietzke, Tomás Freitas, Michael Rhode, Oded Sobol, Thomas Böllinghaus

{"title":"Investigation of resistance to gaseous hydrogen of a longitudinal weld seam in a X65 pipeline using the hollow specimen technique","authors":"Florian Konert, Jonathan Nietzke, Tomás Freitas, Michael Rhode, Oded Sobol, Thomas Böllinghaus","doi":"10.1007/s40194-025-01953-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-025-01953-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The constantly increasing demand for renewable energy sources leads to the necessity of transporting large amounts of hydrogen. Since pipelines enable a cost-effective way for the distribution of gaseous hydrogen, the interaction of hydrogen and the pipeline materials must be carefully investigated as hydrogen can cause a degradation of the mechanical properties under certain conditions. Especially welds, which are assumed to be more susceptible to the degradation enhanced by hydrogen, are of great interest. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of gaseous hydrogen on the mechanical properties of an X65 pipeline, and the longitudinal submerged arc welding (SAW) welded joint. The tests are conducted using the hollow specimen technique on two types of specimens: one extracted from the base material (BM) and the other extracted as a cross-weld (CW) specimen consisting of BM and weld seam. The specimens are charged in situ under a pressure of 60 bar and tested using slow strain rate (SSR) tensile tests with a nominal strain rate of 10<sup>−5</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>. The properties obtained of specimens tested in hydrogen atmosphere are compared to the properties of comparable specimen in inert argon atmosphere as a reference. The performed tests showed a decrease of the reduction of area (RA) from 72% in inert atmosphere to 52% in hydrogen atmosphere for the CW specimen and a decrease from 73% in inert atmosphere to 51% for the BM. Metallographic analyses showed the crack initiation between fine-grained heat-affected zone (FGHAZ) and BM for the specimens tested in hydrogen atmosphere as well as for the reference specimens. This leads to the conclusion that the location of the crack initiation does not change due to the presence of gaseous hydrogen.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 3","pages":"861 - 870"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40194-025-01953-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on the improvement method of Goodman-Smith diagrams based on IIW standard and unilateral tolerance coefficient method

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-025-01943-5

Jiayu Liu, Yuedong Wang, Jiaqi Zhang, Yuhan Tang, Qi Dong, Letian Fan

{"title":"Study on the improvement method of Goodman-Smith diagrams based on IIW standard and unilateral tolerance coefficient method","authors":"Jiayu Liu, Yuedong Wang, Jiaqi Zhang, Yuhan Tang, Qi Dong, Letian Fan","doi":"10.1007/s40194-025-01943-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-025-01943-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Goodman-Smith (GS) diagrams are widely used for fatigue strength assessment of bogies as a common method for welded structures. The traditional GS diagrams proposed by the UIC ORE B12/RP17 standard suffer from the problems of too large a safety factor leading to optimistic assessment results and data scarcity. Therefore, an improved method of GS diagrams for base metals and welded joints was proposed. The traditional GS diagrams were improved by combining the IIW standard and the unilateral tolerance coefficient method. The design guidelines of the traditional GS diagrams were incorporated into the improved GS diagrams to obtain the improved design guidelines. Within this framework, the improved GS diagrams were validated by applying base metal specimens with three common welded joints. The results showed that the safety factor was reduced to 0.3–0.5 times the original factor for the same survival rate and confidence level. The accuracy of the fatigue strength assessment was improved. Finally, the improved GS diagrams were used for the fatigue strength assessment of the critical base metal and weld region of the bogie frame, which provided a new reference for the fatigue strength assessment research in the field of rail transport.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 3","pages":"701 - 716"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fatigue assessment of welded pure copper hairpins using notch stress concept

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-024-01902-6

Jesse Ceruso, Max Mannsperger, Jens Mischko, Alfons Esderts

引用次数: 0

High cyclic fatigue behavior of 3D-printed titanium alloy TA15

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-025-01945-3

Volodymyr Nesterenkov, Serhiy Akhonin, Illia Klochkov, Vladyslav Matviichuk, Volodymyr Berezos, Sviatoslav Motrunich

{"title":"High cyclic fatigue behavior of 3D-printed titanium alloy TA15","authors":"Volodymyr Nesterenkov, Serhiy Akhonin, Illia Klochkov, Vladyslav Matviichuk, Volodymyr Berezos, Sviatoslav Motrunich","doi":"10.1007/s40194-025-01945-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-025-01945-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Titanium alloy TA15, a pseudo α-alloy from the Ti–Al-Zr-Mo-V system, has garnered significant interest due to its high specific strength, excellent corrosion resistance, and superior heat resistance. This study investigates the high cyclic fatigue behavior of 3D-printed TA15, highlighting its application in aerospace, automotive, and biomedical industries. Traditional manufacturing of elements and components from TA15 involves billets and forging, ensuring high-quality metal but incurring high costs due to extensive and complex machining processes. Additive manufacturing, particularly by electron beam melting (EBM) technology, offers a promising alternative by reducing material waste and enabling rapid prototyping. This research evaluates the mechanical properties, microstructure, and fatigue performance of TA15 specimens produced via EBM. Initial findings indicate that 3D-printed TA15 exhibits strength and comparable fatigue resistance to conventionally manufactured counterparts, making it a viable option for critical applications. The study provides insights into optimizing the AM process for TA15 to enhance its performance and reliability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 3","pages":"717 - 725"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In situ alloying of AlCuSi using dual-wire-directed energy deposition with plasma

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-025-01935-5

S. Reinbacher, T. Klein, C. Simson, F. Warchomicka, P. Spoerk-Erdely, N. Enzinger

{"title":"In situ alloying of AlCuSi using dual-wire-directed energy deposition with plasma","authors":"S. Reinbacher, T. Klein, C. Simson, F. Warchomicka, P. Spoerk-Erdely, N. Enzinger","doi":"10.1007/s40194-025-01935-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-025-01935-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current research explores additive manufacturing of a multi-phase material using dual-wire plasma-directed energy deposition technology. With this approach, new materials can be designed and tested easily on the basis of commercially available consumables. In this work, AlSi5 and CuAl8 solid wire consumables are used to produce a specific AlCuSi alloy by controlling the welding parameters and the wire feed ratio. Initial experimentation results in an alloy with 85.7 at.% aluminum, 8.4 at.% copper, 2.7 at.% silicon, and 3.2 at.% magnesium, but with some instabilities during the process. The presence of magnesium in the chemical composition could be related to plasma interaction with the substrate during the welding process. After optimizing the process parameters, the chemical composition obtained is about 76.3 at.% aluminum, 19.9 at.% copper, and 3.8 at.% silicon. Using microstructural analysis via light and scanning electron microscopy, defects such as pores and inadequately melted Cu wire material are observed in all materials produced. Although the optimization of the melting process improved the microstructure, it also increased the copper content, which in turn exerts a significant influence on the mechanical properties. Mechanical testing indicates significant embrittlement. The results underscore that the microstructure is heavily influenced by the chemical composition. Microstructural changes caused by the higher copper content, i.e., in particular the increase of the volume fraction of brittle intermetallic phases such as θ-Al<sub>2</sub>Cu, result in severe embrittlement of the obtained materials, denoted by higher hardness and reduced toughness. We conclude that the use of dual-wire plasma additive manufacturing can develop new materials by in situ alloying.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 3","pages":"849 - 859"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40194-025-01935-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Detection of hot water boiler tubes inner surface damages at early stage of their development using the metal magnetic memory method

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-025-01934-6

Anatoly Dubov, Alexander Dubov, Sergey Kolokolnikov, Artem Marchenkov

{"title":"Detection of hot water boiler tubes inner surface damages at early stage of their development using the metal magnetic memory method","authors":"Anatoly Dubov, Alexander Dubov, Sergey Kolokolnikov, Artem Marchenkov","doi":"10.1007/s40194-025-01934-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-025-01934-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Operational reliability of boilers and heat exchangers strongly depends on reliability of heating surface tubes. A wide range of non-destructive testing (NDT) technologies applied for their diagnostics includes various methods of eddy current testing, magnetic stray fields, an ultrasonic immersion echo method, laser optics, and visual inspection. However, all the above methods have limitations in their application. Moreover, conventional NDT methods are aimed at detecting only the existent defects. One of the solutions to prevent unexpected damages of heating surface tubes is the application of stress–strain state (SSS) control methods. This approach allows detecting the stress concentration zones (SCZs) as the main sources of the future defects initiation. Therefore, it becomes possible to identify defects at an early stage of their development, and monitor their propagation. The metal magnetic memory (MMM) method is a passive technique of magnetic testing. It is based on the self-magnetic stray field analysis that allows assessing the SSS of tested objects. The MMM method is used as a screening tool for diagnosis of impending failure of critical industrial equipment. The article discusses the MMM method application for the inspection of the inner surface of the boiler heat exchanger steel tubes. The examples of the SCZs detection and the identification of defects in these zones at an early stage of their development are presented. The influence of the revealed SCZs on the strength characteristics of the tube metal is shown. The relationship between the material strength characteristics and the magnetic characteristics of MMM testing is presented calculating the magnetic strain index <i>m</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 3","pages":"727 - 738"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-power ultrasonic spot welding of copper to type 304L austenitic stainless steel

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-024-01905-3

Mohamed Wahba, Sami M. Ibn Shamsah, Mohamed A. H. Gepreel, Macoto Takahashi

{"title":"High-power ultrasonic spot welding of copper to type 304L austenitic stainless steel","authors":"Mohamed Wahba, Sami M. Ibn Shamsah, Mohamed A. H. Gepreel, Macoto Takahashi","doi":"10.1007/s40194-024-01905-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-024-01905-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The demand for a robust welding technique capable of joining copper and steel is driven by their extensive application across various industrial sectors. Addressing the limitations of current welding methods, this study explores the effectiveness of ultrasonic welding in joining commercially pure copper to type 304L stainless steel. The effects of different welding parameters on the characteristics of the welded joints were investigated. The results demonstrate the successful welding of the two metals without inserting an interlayer despite the metallurgical immiscibility of copper and iron. The interfacial bond density and the joint strength were found to increase with the applied welding energy. A joint strength of approximately 80% of the base copper strength was obtained. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis unveiled a well-bonded interface with excellent continuity between the two metals. A diffusion layer containing nano-sized chromium-rich oxide or intermetallic compound particles was observed. It was noticed that copper penetrated the partially disrupted chromium-rich oxide layer reaching and developing intimate contact with the newly uncoated stainless steel surface. A synergy of mechanical interlocking and solid-state metallurgical adhesion was revealed for the bonding mechanism in addition to potential metallurgical interactions at the interface.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 2","pages":"555 - 569"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40194-024-01905-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The influence of weld start reentrant angle on fatigue life determined through analysis and physical testing

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-024-01906-2

D. Bradley Cook, Christy Lee, Donald Stickel

引用次数: 0