Welding in the World最新文献_第10页

Acoustic process monitoring during projection welding using airborne sound analysis and machine learning 利用机载声音分析和机器学习对投影焊接过程进行声学监测

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-024-01876-5

J. Koal, M. Baumgarten, C. Nikolov, S. Ramakrishnan, C. Mathiszik, H. C. Schmale

{"title":"Acoustic process monitoring during projection welding using airborne sound analysis and machine learning","authors":"J. Koal, M. Baumgarten, C. Nikolov, S. Ramakrishnan, C. Mathiszik, H. C. Schmale","doi":"10.1007/s40194-024-01876-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-024-01876-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Resistance projection welding is predominantly performed using capacitor discharge machines, known for their short welding times, rapid current rise times, and high currents compared to medium-frequency inverter technology. The resulting joints are covered up during resistance welding, so that either destructive or non-destructive testing is required to evaluate the quality. Process monitoring is therefore essential in resistance projection welding. The requirement for this is process data that can be acquired and integrated into the process monitoring easily, cost-effectively, and contactlessly. This study investigates the use of low-cost condenser microphones to utilize the airborne sound generated during welding for process monitoring. It is shown that, acoustic data processed by the fast Fourier transform can be used to evaluate the quality of the connection. Only a minor influence of the microphone position could be determined. A machine learning model was also used to detect the batch of the welding nut. The machine parameters, welding nut geometry and material were kept constant. The results show a batch prediction of more than 90% using airborne sound.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 2","pages":"459 - 470"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40194-024-01876-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143109127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of process parameters and orientation on the tensile and low cycle fatigue properties of low-carbon steel builds manufactured by directed energy deposition-gas metal arc process 工艺参数和取向对定向能沉积-气体金属电弧工艺低碳钢构件拉伸和低周疲劳性能的影响

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-024-01873-8

Atanu Das, Abhishek Kumar, Sumanta Bagui, Chandra Veer Singh, Nimai Haldar, Sanjay Vajpai, Vikas Chandra Srivastava, Gopi Kishor Mandal

{"title":"Effect of process parameters and orientation on the tensile and low cycle fatigue properties of low-carbon steel builds manufactured by directed energy deposition-gas metal arc process","authors":"Atanu Das, Abhishek Kumar, Sumanta Bagui, Chandra Veer Singh, Nimai Haldar, Sanjay Vajpai, Vikas Chandra Srivastava, Gopi Kishor Mandal","doi":"10.1007/s40194-024-01873-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-024-01873-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Directed energy deposition-gas metal arc (DED-GMA) process has recently gained considerable attention due to its inherent capability to produce large metallic components, with moderate complexity, at substantially high deposition rate compared to other additive manufacturing techniques. The effect of wire feed rate, energy input per unit length and orientation on the tensile and low cycle fatigue behaviour of multi-layer builds of low-carbon steel ER70S-6 is systematically studied in the present work. In addition, a detailed microstructural characterization is also carried out for better understanding of the microstructural evolution during deposition and its influence on the mechanical behaviour of the build. In general, insignificant variation of the tensile properties of DED-GMA specimens at different orientations signifies an overall isotropic behaviour. The vertically oriented samples, printed at highest energy input, show superior fatigue life. The number of cycles to failure, for the vertically oriented samples, at highest wire feed rate of 10 m/min and deposition travel speed of 1 m/min, are found to be around 718, 450 and 366 at strain amplitudes of ± 0.6, ± 0.8 and ± 1.0%, respectively. It is envisaged that the control of energy input by adjusting wire feed rate and deposition travel speed is crucial to improve the tensile and fatigue properties of the build.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 4","pages":"957 - 971"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Using dynamic resistance to predict electrode surface degradation in resistance spot welding of 5182 aluminum alloy 利用动态电阻预测5182铝合金电阻点焊中电极表面劣化

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-024-01872-9

A. Nikitin, D. Turabov, E. Ermilova, A. Evdokimov, R. Ossenbrink, H. Seidlitz

引用次数: 0

Effect of TLP bonding atmosphere on microstructural and mechanical characteristics of Hastelloy x superalloy joints TLP 粘合气氛对哈氏合金 x 超合金接头微观结构和机械特性的影响

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-024-01884-5

H. Bakhtiari, M. R. Rahimipour, M. Farvizi, A. Malekan

{"title":"Effect of TLP bonding atmosphere on microstructural and mechanical characteristics of Hastelloy x superalloy joints","authors":"H. Bakhtiari, M. R. Rahimipour, M. Farvizi, A. Malekan","doi":"10.1007/s40194-024-01884-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-024-01884-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Important variables such as temperature, time, surface quality, atmosphere, chemical composition, and interlayer thickness affect the quality of the transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding. The mentioned factors have an essential role in the behavior of the created joints by affecting the formation of intermetallic phases. In this research, the TLP joints of Hestalloy X (HX) superalloy were prepared by a Bni–2 interlayer with a thickness of 80 µm and at a bonding temperature (T<sub>b</sub>) of 1070 °C. The joining process was done in different atmospheres, including air, argon, and vacuum (10<sup>−5</sup> torr) for 40 min. Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), microhardness, and shear tests were employed to check the samples’ mechanical and metallurgical aspects. The results of microstructural investigations showed that joints prepared under argon and air atmospheres contain holes and porosities due to the partial oxidation of the joint-base metal (BM) interface. The results of mechanical tests prove that the joint made in the vacuum has the best shear strength (about 80% of the strength of the BM). This is attributed to the diffusion of the boron element into the BM and the reduction of harmful intermetallic borides in the bonding region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 1","pages":"281 - 297"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unsupervised machine learning for local stress identification in fatigue analysis of welded joints 无监督机器学习用于焊接接头疲劳分析中的局部应力识别

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-024-01868-5

Mehdi Ghanadi, Manoranjan Kumar, Per-Olof Danielsson, Gustav Hultgren, Zuheir Barsoum

引用次数: 0

Influence of rotational speed on interfacial microstructure and tensile properties of friction welded Al-SS pipe joints 转速对摩擦焊Al-SS管接头界面组织及拉伸性能的影响

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-024-01870-x

Hardik D. Vyas, Vishvesh Badheka

{"title":"Influence of rotational speed on interfacial microstructure and tensile properties of friction welded Al-SS pipe joints","authors":"Hardik D. Vyas, Vishvesh Badheka","doi":"10.1007/s40194-024-01870-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-024-01870-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study focuses on friction welded joints between Al6063-T6 and SS304L pipes with different compositions that were examined to understand how rotational speed affected the evolution of the interfacial microstructure. A comprehensive study was done on the various microstructures, grain boundaries, kernel angle misorientation, and joint strength. Under the influence of rotational speed, there was a change in the metal flow, microstructures, and grain morphology at the welded area. However, the microstructure of Al6063-T6 altered from elongated to equiaxed grains due to dynamic recrystallization, and the grain size reformed from 2.10 to 2.63 μm, while SS grain size from 1.68 to 2.42 μm obtained with variation of the rotational speed. The distribution of grain misorientation angle at the interface was varied from 31 to 45° with the different rotational speeds. Al6063-T6 exhibited significantly greater misorientations and wider variances in their scattering compared to SS304L. The ongoing dynamic recrystallization was observed for the grain refinement on the Al6063-T6 side of the interface, whereas dynamic recovery was noted on the SS304L side. The texture intensity of Al6063-T6 and SS304L varies owing to the rotation speed. The various rotational speed plays a dominant role in the tensile strength and metallurgical bonding between Al6063-T6 and SS304L that causes a higher amount of elements to participate at the faying zone which leads to creating intermetallic compounds such as AlFe, FeAl<sub>3</sub>, and AlFe<sub>3</sub> whereas the maximum strength of 214 MPa was received, which corresponds to 82% joint efficiency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 2","pages":"431 - 448"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40194-024-01870-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Determination of EMF exposure in arc welding by introducing improved numerical anatomic body simulation 通过引入改进的解剖体数值模拟，确定电弧焊接中的电磁场暴露量

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-024-01871-w

Stephan A. Egerland, Benjamin Schranz, Harald Langeder

{"title":"Determination of EMF exposure in arc welding by introducing improved numerical anatomic body simulation","authors":"Stephan A. Egerland, Benjamin Schranz, Harald Langeder","doi":"10.1007/s40194-024-01871-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-024-01871-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electric and magnetic field (EMF) phenomena arise where applying manual arc welding equipment. Consequently, using such systems may cause adverse effects to welding personnel. Models available quantitatively to assess EMF impacts in welding consistently show underestimation of exposure, mainly due to simplified boundary conditions implemented to facilitate modelling application. For arc welding, this paper introduces a novel approach, namely the implementation of Induction Factors based on anatomical body models in realistic welding postures and welding current parameters to improve the EMF assessment quality. Moreover, it is shown in how far especially advanced MIG/MAG and TIG welding variants, for example also involving additional hardware, may cause exposure values close to the limits defined in currently existing standards. Results, both found in practical process application and numerical simulation, are presented and discussed. Employing the developed calculation approach is capable of compensating for inaccuracies yet identified with models still recommended by regulatory or professional bodies. Users are provided with comprehensive information to help practically evaluate EMF exposure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 4","pages":"1157 - 1169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40194-024-01871-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of ambient conditions in friction surfacing 环境条件对摩擦堆焊的影响。

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-024-01865-8

M. Hoffmann, E. A. Duda, P. Aspes, B. Klusemann

{"title":"Effect of ambient conditions in friction surfacing","authors":"M. Hoffmann, E. A. Duda, P. Aspes, B. Klusemann","doi":"10.1007/s40194-024-01865-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-024-01865-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Friction surfacing (FS) is a solid-state deposition process in which layers are deposited on a substrate surface by frictional heat and severe plastic deformation of a consumable stud material below its melting temperature. Bonding occurs due to accelerated diffusion. The deposition of several layers on top of each other is referred to as multi-layer FS (MLFS), a promising candidate for additive manufacturing (AM) as it offers advantages over fusion-based AM. In this study, the MLFS process for the precipitation-hardenable alloy AA2024 is investigated regarding the influence of environmental process conditions, i.e., preheating of the substrate like other AM processes as well as underwater and room temperature experiments. The influence of ambient conditions on the process behavior, the layer geometries, the microstructure, and the mechanical properties is shown. Preheating the substrate leads to an overall higher process temperature (424.1 °C), resulting in thinner and wider layers, larger grains, an overaged microstructure, and a smooth hardness transition in the MLFS stacks from top (140 HV0.1) to bottom (95 HV0.1). The lower the process temperatures, e.g., for underwater FS (326.5 °C), the thicker and less wide the layers and the smaller the grains. The hardness shows a periodic pattern at the layer interface, which is more pronounced at lower process temperatures, i.e., the hardness values range from 100 HV0.1 to 150 HV0.1.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 2","pages":"397 - 406"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11761850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143051252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effectiveness and efficiency of tool alignment and simultaneity factors on double-sided friction stir welding for joining heat-treatable aluminum alloys: a review 热处理铝合金双面搅拌摩擦焊接中刀具对中及同时性因素的有效性和效率综述

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-024-01867-6

Rikko Putra Youlia, Wenya Li, Yu Su, Yishuang Tang, Diah Utami

{"title":"Effectiveness and efficiency of tool alignment and simultaneity factors on double-sided friction stir welding for joining heat-treatable aluminum alloys: a review","authors":"Rikko Putra Youlia, Wenya Li, Yu Su, Yishuang Tang, Diah Utami","doi":"10.1007/s40194-024-01867-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-024-01867-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Friction stir welding (FSW) can be challenging for joining thick heat-treatable aluminum alloy plates due to limitations with the single-pass method and heat distribution. To address these challenges, the double-sided FSW (DS-FSW) method was developed. It allows for welding the unwelded side of the plate which cannot be reached by the pin’s height at the first pass. DS-FSW has been proven to overcome many challenges and has been found to be a great solution for FSW in welding thicker plates. During DS-FSW implementation, some drawbacks related to machine parameters were discovered but were addressed through tool development. However, the time efficiency issue was only solved when two identical tools were used. This approach, known as simultaneous DS-FSW (SDS-FSW), significantly reduced processing time. It also led to improved microstructures and mechanical properties based on survey results. The dual-tool simultaneity provided flexibility for dwelling into the workpiece in different ways, such as parallel side-by-side, tandem in-line, and staggered transverse, which were mostly used for lap welding in single-pass FSW and showed remarkable performance. Regardless of the dwelling method used, the impact of process parameters in FSW must always be taken into consideration, emphasizing the importance of the tool profile and machine-related parameters being in optimal working order.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 2","pages":"407 - 430"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Friction welding of two carbon low alloy steels 42CrMo and 36Mn2V: Effects of forging pressure and post-weld heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties 42CrMo和36Mn2V两种低碳合金钢摩擦焊接：锻造压力和焊后热处理对组织和力学性能的影响

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-024-01864-9

Tian Lu, Wenya Li, Chuanliu Wang, Dongzhuang Tian

{"title":"Friction welding of two carbon low alloy steels 42CrMo and 36Mn2V: Effects of forging pressure and post-weld heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties","authors":"Tian Lu, Wenya Li, Chuanliu Wang, Dongzhuang Tian","doi":"10.1007/s40194-024-01864-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-024-01864-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two carbon low alloy steels 42CrMo and 36Mn2V were successfully jointed using continuous drive friction welding. The effects of forging pressure and post-weld heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of joints were investigated in detail. Results reveal that with increasing the forging pressure, the tensile and yield strength increase firstly and then decrease. The as-welded joint with the highest yield strength (708 MPa), largest elongation (14.2%), and high impact toughness (57.24 J) were obtained with the 35 MPa forging pressure. After post-weld heat treatment, the joint yield strength, elongation, and impact toughness were increased to 798 MPa, 18.1%, and 71.02 J, respectively. The microhardness measurement results indicate that the as-welded joints show higher Vicker hardness than the two base metals. After post-weld heat treatment, the microhardness was decreased owing to martensite elimination. The above findings provide a basis for the implementation of friction welding of dissimilar steels used for drills in the coal-mining industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 2","pages":"383 - 395"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0