Welding in the World最新文献_第10页

Effect of Cr addition on microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of weld metal in weathering steel of high-speed train bogie 添加铬对高速列车转向架耐候钢焊缝金属的微观结构、机械性能和腐蚀行为的影响

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-024-01848-9

Gaojian Wang, Dandan Kang, Yanhong Ye, Dean Deng

{"title":"Effect of Cr addition on microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of weld metal in weathering steel of high-speed train bogie","authors":"Gaojian Wang, Dandan Kang, Yanhong Ye, Dean Deng","doi":"10.1007/s40194-024-01848-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-024-01848-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effects of Cr addition on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of two weld metals containing Ti or Mo within the Ni-Cu alloys used in high-speed train bogies were investigated. The results show that Cr can increase the acicular ferrite (AF) by about 15%, reduce the primary ferrite (PF) and the ferrite with second phase aligned (FSP), and slightly increase the M-A constituents in the weld containing Ti. Cr addition scarcely alters the AF, leads to a decline in PF and an increase in FSP, and causes a substantial increase in M-A constituents from 0.4 to 2.5% in the as-welded zone containing Mo. Meanwhile, it was found that Cr addition negatively affects weld toughness in the weld containing Mo due to the increase in the proportion and size of M-A constituents and the coarsening of inclusions. Regarding the corrosion resistance, Cr addition can promote the absorption of Cr on the surface of inclusions. This is the main reason for the reduction of the initial corrosion rate of the weld containing Mo, while this effect is attenuated in the welds containing Ti. In addition, Cr addition can densify the inner and outer rust layers, thereby reducing the corrosion rate of the welding rust layer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"68 12","pages":"3115 - 3128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of stress corrosion cracking behavior of friction stir welded thick al 6061-t6 alloy plate

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-024-01845-y

Imtiaz Ali Soomro, Adeel Hassan, Umair Aftab, Lun Zhao, Ali Arshad, Bilal Shahid

{"title":"Investigation of stress corrosion cracking behavior of friction stir welded thick al 6061-t6 alloy plate","authors":"Imtiaz Ali Soomro, Adeel Hassan, Umair Aftab, Lun Zhao, Ali Arshad, Bilal Shahid","doi":"10.1007/s40194-024-01845-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-024-01845-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of friction stir welded (FSWed) Al 6061-T6 alloy 10 mm thick plate is investigated. The general corrosion resistance of the base alloy and welded joint is evaluated using a potentiodynamic polarization test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and immersion test in NaCl solution. SCC susceptibility is evaluated in 3.5% NaCl and 7.5% NaCl aqueous solution using a slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) test. Potentiodynamic polarization test results show that the FSWed joint experienced a higher corrosion rate (9.658 × 10<sup>−6</sup> mmpy) compared to base metal (0.734 × 10<sup>−6</sup> mmpy). EIS results show that the charge transfer resistance (<i>R</i><sub>ct</sub>) of the joint was higher (118 Ω) compared to base metal (242 Ω) which further confirms that the joint has a higher susceptibility to pitting corrosion. SEM results also show that the welded joint immersed for 168 h in a 3.5% chloride environment experienced higher pitting corrosion than the base metal, while EDX results confirm that the pitting occurred due to the anodic dissolution of Mg-Si particles within the Al matrix. SCC results show that FSWed joints tested in air, 3.5% and 7.5% NaCl environment, show maximum load vs. displacement of 23.5 kN vs. 23.5 mm, 20.9 kN vs. 20.9 mm, and 16.8 kN vs. 16.8 mm, respectively indicating a weakened SCC resistance to increasing chloride environment. Samples tested in a chloride environment during the SSRT test showed quasi-cleavage fracture, while samples tested in an air environment showed ductile-type fracture. The higher general corrosion rate and SCC susceptibility of FSWed joints are attributed to the inhomogeneous microstructure developed during welding and the anodic dissolution of intermetallic compounds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 2","pages":"299 - 309"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of travel speed on porosity and liquation cracking in cold wire pulsed gas metal arc welding of aa7075-t651 aluminum alloy 行进速度对 aa7075-t651 铝合金冷丝脉冲气体金属弧焊中气孔和液化裂纹的影响

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-024-01844-z

A. A. C. Filho, C. R. L. Loayza, P. D. C. Assunção, E. M. Braga

引用次数: 0

Microstructure and properties of additive manufacturing by gas-shielded arc welding with hydrogen-resistant steel wires 用耐氢钢焊丝通过气体保护电弧焊进行增材制造的微观结构和性能

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-024-01835-0

Guo Chun, Zhang XinYu, Li WenQing, Li Yun, Chen YanYan, Huang GuangCan, Lin QingCheng

引用次数: 0

Welding and analysis of Hastelloy X alloy butt joint made by CO2 laser

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-024-01846-x

G. Sathishkumar, S. Senthil Murugan, P. Sathiya

{"title":"Welding and analysis of Hastelloy X alloy butt joint made by CO2 laser","authors":"G. Sathishkumar, S. Senthil Murugan, P. Sathiya","doi":"10.1007/s40194-024-01846-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-024-01846-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the processing and analysis of laser-welded Hastelloy X (HX) alloy joints, which are widely used in high-temperature aerospace and nuclear applications. Laser beam welding (LBW) experiments were conducted on HX base metal using a CO₂ laser, following an L9 Orthogonal Array (OA) experimental matrix. Variables included laser power, focal length, and welding speed. ASTM-standard testing showed that weld bead characteristics and joint properties varied with parameters. The joint with 20 J/mm heat input achieved the highest tensile strength and ductility, with 93% efficiency. Microstructure and EBSD analyses revealed grain elongation and refinement in the weld zone (WZ). The corrosion behaviour of the joints was assessed using potentiostatic polarization, with corrosion rates ranging from 7.4 × 10⁻<sup>3</sup> to 8.6 × 10⁻<sup>5</sup> mm/year. The joint with 25 J/mm heat input exhibited the highest corrosion resistance. Consequently, a dry sliding wear test was conducted on that sample, varying applied load, sliding distance, and sliding velocity as per the L9 OA matrix. Results indicated that the wear test (30 N, 1.0 m/s, and 1000 m) had the highest coefficient of friction (COF), while the wear test (50 N, 2.0 m/s, and 1500 m) showed the greatest wear loss. Increased wear rate correlated with higher load and sliding distance, with weld speed affecting joint strength and laser power influencing corrosion and wear properties. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealed grain boundary effects, corrosion pits from localized corrosion, and wear tracks with surface irregularities on the worn weld surfaces.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 2","pages":"311 - 325"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of plasma gas composition on deposition characteristics in plasma arc directed energy deposition of Ti-6Al-4 V

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-024-01843-0

Yipeng Wang, Jialuo Ding, Stewart Williams, Baoqiang Cong

{"title":"Effect of plasma gas composition on deposition characteristics in plasma arc directed energy deposition of Ti-6Al-4 V","authors":"Yipeng Wang, Jialuo Ding, Stewart Williams, Baoqiang Cong","doi":"10.1007/s40194-024-01843-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-024-01843-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The increasing demand for high-efficiency and high-quality wire-based arc directed energy deposition processes presents a significant challenge to the plasma arc, which is greatly influenced by plasma gas composition. This paper introduced mixed gases of helium (He) and argon (Ar) into the plasma gas for the deposition of Ti-6Al-4 V. The effect of plasma gas composition on the deposition characteristics concerning arc electrical characteristics, keyhole formation, metal transfer, bead geometry, and surface waviness were investigated. Results demonstrate that the arc voltage and heat input exhibited a linearly increasing tendency with the increase of He in the plasma gas, attributed to a higher ionization potential and thermal conductivity. The threshold current value for keyhole formation was effectively increased by adding He to the plasma gas. The keyhole formation was completely suppressed as the He content was higher than 50% for the range of parameters tested. The metal transfer mode changed from surface tension transfer to droplet surface tension transfer and to free space droplet transfer, as the He content in the plasma gas increased. For the bead geometry, the bead height, aspect ratio, and contact angle showed a decreasing trend, while the bead width presented an increasing trend. The relative waviness and absolute waviness of the deposited single-pass multi-layer walls reduced remarkably with a higher He content. The results lay a solid foundation for an improved plasma arc DED process with high efficiency and good forming quality through plasma gas composition control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 4","pages":"883 - 895"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40194-024-01843-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A comprehensive study on laser welding of stainless steel 301LN in lap joint configuration 搭接结构不锈钢 301LN 激光焊接综合研究

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-024-01840-3

Thierry Adrien, Shayan Dehghan, Asim Iltaf, Noureddine Barka

{"title":"A comprehensive study on laser welding of stainless steel 301LN in lap joint configuration","authors":"Thierry Adrien, Shayan Dehghan, Asim Iltaf, Noureddine Barka","doi":"10.1007/s40194-024-01840-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-024-01840-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Laser welding offers distinct advantages over traditional methods: less heat impact, no filler metal needed, and strong weld penetration. It is efficient and cost-effective, perfect for joining materials like the stainless steel 301LN, and ideal for industries addressing climate change. This study delves into the impact of various operating parameters on weld quality, specifically focusing on microstructure and microhardness. Using the Taguchi method, it is designed an experimental setup to systematically analyze these factors. The microstructure analysis shows a unique grain structure in the weld bead and a small heat-affected zone (HAZ), indicating precise welding control. Weld penetration measurements correlated with specific operating parameters using microstructure imaging. The microhardness analysis further underlined the control over HAZ thickness, crucial for ensuring the integrity of the welded joint. Through analysis of variance (ANOVA), it is identified significant factors affecting physical properties, help to construct a mathematical model to quantify parameter influences accurately. Findings suggest that minimizing the focal spot diameter is key to optimizing weld penetration, albeit in a delicate balance with welding speed and laser power settings. Adjusting these parameters can also influence the chemical composition match between the weld bead and base material, crucial for structural integrity. For achieving the desired hardness close to the base material, specific parameter ranges are recommended: a beam oscillation amplitude of 1.45 mm, a beam oscillation amplitude between 2.82 and 2.97 kW, and a focal spot diameter above 0.34 mm. Findings offer practical insights for improving weld quality and efficiency in industrial applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"68 12","pages":"3141 - 3168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research on the differences of mechanical properties between horizontal and vertical in al-cu alloy deposits fabricated by wire + arc additive manufacturing

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-024-01842-1

Shuai Wang, Lingling Ren, Lan Yang, Zhu Ming, Chengde Li, Wei Wang

{"title":"Research on the differences of mechanical properties between horizontal and vertical in al-cu alloy deposits fabricated by wire + arc additive manufacturing","authors":"Shuai Wang, Lingling Ren, Lan Yang, Zhu Ming, Chengde Li, Wei Wang","doi":"10.1007/s40194-024-01842-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-024-01842-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Al-Cu alloy made by arc fuse additive has excellent microstructure and properties, but the difference between transverse and longitudinal is the key factor limiting its application. In this experiment, Al-Cu alloy deposits with different Cu contents were formed by the wire + arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process using Al-Cu welding wire with different Cu content. The microstructure and properties of the deposits, both intralayer and interlayer, were analyzed using metallography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and tensile tests. The results showed that the interlayer content of Cu is higher than that in the intralayer. When Cu content in the deposit was 6.3% in the as-deposited state, there was an enhanced θ (Al<sub>2</sub>Cu) precipitate phase in the interlayer position. After T4 treatment, there were still θ phases with a size larger than 20 μm, which were linearly distributed parallel to the accumulation layer. These θ phases led to lower mechanical properties in the vertical direction than in the horizontal direction, with a brittle fracture mode. When the Cu content of the deposit was reduced to 5.6% after T4 treatment, there were no large θ phases in the interlayer position. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of horizontal and vertical directions were consistent, and they had a ductile fracture mode. The Cu content in the deposit was the primary reason for the difference in mechanical properties between horizontal and vertical directions. Al-Cu alloy deposits with uniform mechanical properties in the horizontal and vertical directions can be obtained by controlling the Cu content, which has an important role in the application of this process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 4","pages":"871 - 881"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Round robin study on the determination of weld geometry parameters - Part A: analysis of a reference specimen 确定焊接几何参数的循环研究 - A 部分：参考试样分析

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-024-01829-y

Matthias Jung, Moritz Braun, Jan Schubnell, Heikki Remes

{"title":"Round robin study on the determination of weld geometry parameters - Part A: analysis of a reference specimen","authors":"Matthias Jung, Moritz Braun, Jan Schubnell, Heikki Remes","doi":"10.1007/s40194-024-01829-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-024-01829-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The weld toe is known to be a critical point of fatigue failure in many welded constructions. Especially for research purposes but also for improving fatigue life predictions, the weld toes geometry is often described by a set of parameters, including the weld toe radius and the flank angle. There is no universal agreement on the definition of the geometry parameters as well as on measuring routines. To get an overview over used techniques and comparability between research labs, a comprehensive round robin study was conducted over the past years. Two measuring tasks were given to the participants. Part A: A machined specimen with well known geometry inspired by a cruciform joint was analyzed and the results were compared with the actual dimensions of the specimen. Part B: Welded specimens with unknown geometry were measured by the participants and the results were bench-marked against each other. The present study summarizes the findings of Part A. The study gives an overview over used measuring techniques, the influence of measuring equipment and the comparability of the results in the scientific community. Most of the participants achieved good results with their respective measuring methods for radii larger than 1 mm. Smaller radii tend to be overestimated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 1","pages":"169 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40194-024-01829-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simulation-based assessment of railhead repair welding process parameters 基于仿真的轨头修复焊接工艺参数评估

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-024-01837-y

Björn Andersson, Erika Steyn, Magnus Ekh, Lennart Josefson

{"title":"Simulation-based assessment of railhead repair welding process parameters","authors":"Björn Andersson, Erika Steyn, Magnus Ekh, Lennart Josefson","doi":"10.1007/s40194-024-01837-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-024-01837-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study uses a finite element method based simulation methodology for in-situ railhead repair welding to investigate how welding process parameters impact the repaired rail quality. The methodology includes material modeling with cyclic plasticity, phase transformations, transformation-induced plasticity, and multi-phase homogenization. The weld process modeling includes a 3D heat transfer analysis and a 2D Generalized Plane Strain (GPS) mechanical analysis. The Heat source model used in the thermal simulation is calibrated using measurements from a repair welding experiment. To assess the performance of the repaired rail, mechanical rolling contact simulations are performed to estimate the risk of fatigue crack initiation. The process parameter study is based on the Swedish stick-welding railhead repair procedure and focuses on factors affecting the repair quality, such as preheating and operation temperature conditions as well as variations in repair geometry. Significant findings highlight both the inherent robustness of the process and regions susceptible to parameter variations. Specifically, the powerful final zig-zag weld passes provide effective resilience against variations in additional heating, and the start and end stretches of the repair welding are the most susceptible to parameter variations. Chamfered and deeper cutout repair geometries are found to be effective in mitigating adverse effects. In agreement with field observations, the simulations identify the fusion zone of the base and weld filler material as the critical region of the repaired rail in operation. This is attributed to the integrated effects of unfavorable microstructures, longitudinal tensile residual stresses from repair welding, and tensile stresses during operational traffic loads.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 1","pages":"177 - 197"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40194-024-01837-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0