Welding in the World最新文献_第4页

Residual stress distribution and deformation in wire + arc additive manufactured titanium alloy: insights from simulation and cold cutting analysis 金属丝+电弧添加剂制造钛合金的残余应力分布和变形：来自模拟和冷切削分析的见解

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-025-02051-0

Banglong Yu, Ping Wang, Yong Liu, Ze Chen, Bin Zhang, Xiaoguo Song

{"title":"Residual stress distribution and deformation in wire + arc additive manufactured titanium alloy: insights from simulation and cold cutting analysis","authors":"Banglong Yu, Ping Wang, Yong Liu, Ze Chen, Bin Zhang, Xiaoguo Song","doi":"10.1007/s40194-025-02051-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-025-02051-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The distribution of residual stress and accurate deformation prediction in wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) and subsequent cutting components were crucial for practical application. This study focused on simulating titanium alloy walls manufactured by WAAM to analyze thermal and residual stress distributions. Subsequently, the blade shape of the WAAM wall was subjected to cold cutting conditions using the finite element method. The residual stress and deformation of WAAM were studied under various cutting directions. WAAM and cutting components were scanned and analyzed using the Calibry Nest scanner. The findings reveal that in the middle line of the deposition cross-section, residual compressive stress emerges after 18 layers, and the distribution of longitudinal residual stresses follows a \"tension–compression-tension\" pattern. In cutting direction from the middle to both sides, the deformation of the components is effectively controlled by a narrower residual stress range. As the number of deposition layers increases, the deformation in the width direction rises to a maximum of approximately 0.2 mm. Cold cutting alleviates thermal and residual stresses induced during the WAAM process, reducing substrate deformation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 6","pages":"1563 - 1579"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of restraint intensity influence on solidification cracking of high-strength filler materials in fillet welds via CTS testing 利用CTS试验研究了抑制强度对高强度填充材料角焊缝凝固开裂的影响

IF 2.5 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-025-02046-x

Philipp Liepold, Arne Kromm, Thomas Kannengiesser

{"title":"Investigation of restraint intensity influence on solidification cracking of high-strength filler materials in fillet welds via CTS testing","authors":"Philipp Liepold, Arne Kromm, Thomas Kannengiesser","doi":"10.1007/s40194-025-02046-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-025-02046-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In addition to chemical composition, metallurgy, and welding parameters, the intensity of restraint is one of the key variables influencing solidification cracking (SC). Due to their high strength-to-density ratio, many modern lightweight steel constructions increasingly rely on high-strength steel. Given the theoretical framework of solidification cracking theory, tests tend to focus on the effects of strain rate. Externally restrained tests have provided valuable insights into solidification crack susceptibility. In practice, most welded structures are self-restrained; therefore, self-restraint tests more accurately reflect real-world applications. By varying the plate thickness in controlled thermal severity (CTS) tests conducted on S1100 QL, it was possible to adjust the intensity of restraint on fillet welds at a high level. Testing was performed using four different filler wires for gas metal arc welding (GMAW), including three solid wires and one metal-cored wire. Additionally, two sets of welding parameters were evaluated. High arc energy (U × I/welding speed) and increased welding speed were found to be more prone to solidification cracking compared to the parameter set with lower arc energy and welding speed. The results indicate a correlation between increasing restraint severity and a higher incidence of solidification cracking.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 10","pages":"3083 - 3095"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40194-025-02046-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145062173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fatigue strength assessment of welded steel fasteners using structural stress concept with consideration of the mounting pre-load 考虑安装预载荷的结构应力概念焊接钢紧固件疲劳强度评定

IF 2.5 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-025-02018-1

A. Jöckel, J. Baumgartner, B. Möller, M. Timmermann, H. T. Beier, P. Yadegari

引用次数: 0

Fundamental review on gas tungsten arc welding of magnesium alloys: challenges, innovations, and future perspectives 镁合金气体钨极电弧焊的基础综述：挑战、创新与展望

IF 2.5 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-025-02047-w

Gaurav Singh, Ashok Kumar Dewangan, Mohammad Faseeulla Khan, Syed Quadir Moinuddin

{"title":"Fundamental review on gas tungsten arc welding of magnesium alloys: challenges, innovations, and future perspectives","authors":"Gaurav Singh, Ashok Kumar Dewangan, Mohammad Faseeulla Khan, Syed Quadir Moinuddin","doi":"10.1007/s40194-025-02047-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-025-02047-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review paper explores the advancements and applications of gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) for magnesium alloys, which are increasingly utilized in aerospace, automotive, and biomedical industries due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and excellent corrosion resistance. However, welding magnesium alloys presents significant challenges, including high reactivity with oxygen and hydrogen, hot cracking, porosity, and thermal distortion. While conventional GTAW methods provide satisfactory results, they often fall short in meeting the stringent requirements of high-precision applications. Recent innovations, such as pulse-modified and hybrid GTAW techniques, show great promise in addressing these challenges by improving heat input control, reducing defect formation, and enhancing mechanical properties. Key factors such as the choice of shielding gas, filler materials, and heat input control are critical for ensuring high-quality welds. Furthermore, advancements in artificial intelligence, real-time monitoring, and automation are poised to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of GTAW, making it a more reliable option for industrial applications. The paper also highlights future trends, including the integration of GTAW with additive manufacturing, which could expand its use in renewable energy, biomedical implants, and lightweight structures. This review demonstrates the transformative potential of GTAW for advancing the use of magnesium alloys in various high-performance industries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 9","pages":"2767 - 2787"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microstructure and properties of conventional and hybrid joints of IN718 brazed with VZ2177 VZ2177钎焊IN718常规和杂化接头的组织与性能

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-025-02035-0

Lukas Wojarski, Julia Bültena, Fabian Frittgen, Wolfgang Tillmann

{"title":"Microstructure and properties of conventional and hybrid joints of IN718 brazed with VZ2177","authors":"Lukas Wojarski, Julia Bültena, Fabian Frittgen, Wolfgang Tillmann","doi":"10.1007/s40194-025-02035-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-025-02035-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Brazing hybrid joints of additively manufactured and conventionally produced components made of IN718 opens new application possibilities for additive manufacturing processes, such as PBF-LB/M, in industrial production processes. The combination of hybrid structures enables cost-effective production of large-volume parts with complex features. In this work, the differences between hybrid and conventional joints are analysed, due to the different microstructure of additive manufactured IN718 compared to bulk material. The differences in the microstructures lead to different diffusion paths of the elements from the molten braze alloy along the grain boundaries and to different wetting behaviors. This has a significant effect on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the joints. To investigate the effect of the microstructure of PBF-LB/M base materials on the brazing of IN718 with the braze alloy VZ2177, vacuum brazing with varying dwell time has been employed to manufacture joints of the bulk material and hybrid joints, consisting of additively manufactured and bulk IN718. Due to the phosphorus in the filler metal, brittle phases in the center of the brazing zone have formed in both joint types. With increasing brazing, the width of the brazing area grew. In the hybrid joint, a strong formation of IMC phases could be observed at the PBF-LB/M side of the joint leading to a higher hardness, which was more pronounced at longer brazing times. The increase in hardness was accompanied with a crack formation that was located near the PBF-LB/M-side only in those hybrid joints with long brazing time and occurred most probably due to stress relief during cooling.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 6","pages":"1757 - 1766"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40194-025-02035-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of adhesive and adherend compliance on the failure of 3D-printed parts 胶粘剂和粘附体顺应性对3d打印零件失效的影响

IF 2.5 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-025-02048-9

Özkan Öz, Fatih Huzeyfe Öztürk

{"title":"The effect of adhesive and adherend compliance on the failure of 3D-printed parts","authors":"Özkan Öz, Fatih Huzeyfe Öztürk","doi":"10.1007/s40194-025-02048-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-025-02048-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study deals with the adhesive selection for extrusion-based 3D-printed parts. The compatibility of acrylate (AC), polyurethane (PU), methyl methacrylate (MM) and epoxy (EP) adhesives with polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), and acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA) adherends was investigated. Tensile tests were conducted to provide enhanced knowledge on the failure behavior of these joints. Taguchi L16 orthogonal array and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to the design of experiment (DOE) and to identify the contribution of each parameter on the response, respectively. In addition, a closed-form solution of critical stress (peel and shear stresses) distributions along the bondline was used to gain a better insight into the failure mechanism of joints considered in this study. The ANOVA results showed that the effect of adhesive type is clearly the most important factor influencing the joint strength, followed by the adherend type. Statistically, the contribution of the adherend type (5.28%) is also important, but it is smaller than the contribution of the adhesive type (91.60%). The highest joint strength was obtained for PETG bonded with MM adhesive. In the case of PU, EP, and AC adhesives, the maximum load-carrying capacity was reached using PLA adherends. ASA showed the lowest joint strength for all adhesive types. This research provides comprehensive knowledge, allowing designers to select an appropriate adhesive for custom or industrial bonding applications without time-consuming surface treatments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 9","pages":"2869 - 2883"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40194-025-02048-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transvarestraint testing of high-strength steel filler metal 高强度钢填充金属的横向应变试验

IF 2.5 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-025-02042-1

Philipp Liepold, Arne Kromm, Thomas Kannengiesser

引用次数: 0

Impact of beam oscillation and power modulation on the intermixing behavior of dissimilar titanium/niobium/nitinol joints during micro electron beam welding 电子束振荡和功率调制对微细电子束焊接中不同钛/铌/镍钛诺接头混合行为的影响

IF 2.5 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-025-02039-w

Michael Wiegand, Johannes-Seneca Loose, Martin Kahlmeyer, Wenwen Song, Stefan Böhm

{"title":"Impact of beam oscillation and power modulation on the intermixing behavior of dissimilar titanium/niobium/nitinol joints during micro electron beam welding","authors":"Michael Wiegand, Johannes-Seneca Loose, Martin Kahlmeyer, Wenwen Song, Stefan Böhm","doi":"10.1007/s40194-025-02039-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-025-02039-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study seeks to expand the knowledge on dissimilar fusion welding of the material combination NiTi/Nb/Ti by investigating micro electron beam welding in a butt-joint configuration. In addition to adapted power modulation, a novel approach of utilizing the process-inherent fast beam oscillation is applied to improve the melting and intermixing behavior of the comparatively high-melting Nb filler material. Two different Nb thicknesses, measuring 0.2 and 0.4 mm, are implemented and compared with regard to weldability and microstructural evolution in the weld metal. It is demonstrated that the welding experiments are associated with major challenges due to the considerable differences in melting temperature and thermal conductivity of the base and filler materials, resulting in inhomogeneous elemental distribution and welding defects. Nevertheless, the welded joints exhibit excellent mechanical properties under quasi-static tensile load, which can be attributed to a reduced formation of Ti<sub>2</sub>Ni intermetallic compounds due to the intermixing of Nb. Ultimate tensile strengths of up to 673 MPa and elongations at break of 6.9% are achieved, demonstrating that micro electron beam welding is a promising process to produce high-strength dissimilar NiTi/Nb/Ti joints.</p>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 7","pages":"1949 - 1960"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40194-025-02039-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of vacuum brazing on microstructure and pseudoelasticity of NiTi shape memory alloy brazements 真空钎焊对NiTi形状记忆合金钎焊显微组织和准弹性的影响

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-025-02044-z

Lukas Wojarski, Alexa Nebel, Wolfgang Tillmann

{"title":"Effects of vacuum brazing on microstructure and pseudoelasticity of NiTi shape memory alloy brazements","authors":"Lukas Wojarski, Alexa Nebel, Wolfgang Tillmann","doi":"10.1007/s40194-025-02044-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-025-02044-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>NiTi shape memory alloys exhibit pseudoelasticity, allowing them to fully recover from prior deformations under varying thermal or mechanical loads. Unlike conventional materials like steels, these alloys can endure elastic strain rates up to ten times higher, owing to a diffusion-free transformation between the austenite and martensite phases in their crystal lattice induced by temperature or stress. Given their material properties, NiTi shape memory alloys find applications as actuators, implants, and stents, demanding high reliability and biocompatibility standards. To maintain maximum pseudoelasticity when joining NiTi components, any microstructural changes have to be kept to a minimum. In this regard, vacuum brazing is a promising joining technique, as it is capable to produce joints at comparatively low joining temperatures without melting the base material. Hence, this paper is aimed at evaluating the influence of different holding times and brazing temperatures on the deformation behavior of NiTi alloys in vacuum brazing applying AgCuTi braze alloy. For this purpose, microstructural analyses by means of SEM and EDS as well as tensile tests were conducted. Furthermore, the fracture surfaces were analyzed by SEM. It could be observed that a stress plateau was present in the brazed samples leading to the assumption that brazing with AgCuTi is a suitable joining technique to preserve the properties of NiTi. Nevertheless, the brazed samples fractured in the stress plateau. </p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 6","pages":"1767 - 1774"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40194-025-02044-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Detection of molten pool state using ResNet50 and control of molten pool penetration in CO2 gas shielded arc welding 利用ResNet50检测CO2气体保护弧焊熔池状态及熔池熔透控制

IF 2.5 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-025-02020-7

Satoshi Yamane, ChuanZhi Wang, Takahito Nakamura, Takuya Nagai, Keito Ishizaki

{"title":"Detection of molten pool state using ResNet50 and control of molten pool penetration in CO2 gas shielded arc welding","authors":"Satoshi Yamane, ChuanZhi Wang, Takahito Nakamura, Takuya Nagai, Keito Ishizaki","doi":"10.1007/s40194-025-02020-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-025-02020-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In V groove butt welding with a ceramic backing material, the molten pool should penetrate well. Regardless of the gap fluctuations, the molten pool must maintain a good penetration shape. For this purpose, the molten pool state is detected using ResNet50 as one of the deep learning. The molten pool using a CMOS camera is taken. Fundamental experiments are performed, and images are collected for learning of ResNet50. Good estimation results are obtained for untraining data. The gap and its center are detected processing the molten pool images. The seam tracking is carried out using PI controller, with inputs being the difference between the wire tip and the gap center, and the output is Y axis position. The weaving width is adjusted to fit the gap. The molten pool state is controlled adjusting the travel speed of the welding torch, to keep constant the arc position, because the state of the molten pool depends on the arc position. If there is gap fluctuation as the disturbance and the reference of the arc position is same, it is difficult to get the same penetration of the molten pool. Therefore, the reference according to the output of ResNet50 is adjusted. Molten pool control is based on PI controller with the input is the difference between the arc position and its reference, and the output is the travel speed. The control performance is verified in a case where the gap varies from 7 to 3 mm, and good results are obtained.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"69 9","pages":"2711 - 2725"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40194-025-02020-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0