Welding in the World最新文献_第4页

Optimization of process parameters for friction stir processing (FSP) of AA8090/boron carbide surface composites 优化 AA8090/碳化硼表面复合材料摩擦搅拌加工 (FSP) 的工艺参数

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-024-01811-8

Karthik Adiga, Mervin A. Herbert, Shrikantha S. Rao, Arun Kumar Shettigar

{"title":"Optimization of process parameters for friction stir processing (FSP) of AA8090/boron carbide surface composites","authors":"Karthik Adiga, Mervin A. Herbert, Shrikantha S. Rao, Arun Kumar Shettigar","doi":"10.1007/s40194-024-01811-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-024-01811-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Friction Stir Processing (FSP) is an innovative and promising technique for microstructure refinement, material property enhancement, and surface composite production. The current study describes the fabrication of AA8090/boron carbide surface composites (SCs) by FSP. Experimental studies were conducted by varying the FSP parameters, specifically the rotational speed (800–1400 rpm), traverse speed (25–75 mm/min), and groove width (1–1.8 mm). Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS), Surface Roughness (SR), and Percentage Elongation (El) were used as response measures. Experiments were planned based on the central composite design (CCD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and a mathematical relationship between the input parameters and UTS, SR and El, and were obtained by RSM. The model adequacy was tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The models enabled the examination of individual and interaction effects of input parameters on the UTS, SR, and El of the produced SCs. AA8090/boron carbide SC strength was optimal of 366 MPa at 800 rpm, 75 mm/min, and 1.8 mm and optimal 21.13% elongation at 1400 rpm, 25 mm/min, and 1 mm. A smoother surface with 0.82-μm roughness was optimal at 1400 rpm, 25 mm/min, and 1.2 mm. The present study uses the FSP method to synthesize near-net-shaped SCs without further machining by systematically selecting process parameters. The study shows that the increase in rotational speed during AA8090/boron carbide SC fabrication produces composites with a good surface finish, lower UTS, and good ductility. However, the increase in the other two parameters, namely, traverse speed and groove width, produces low ductile composites with rougher surfaces and higher strengths.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"68 10","pages":"2683 - 2700"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141785293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fatigue failure of aluminum alloy friction stir welded joints under two-stage variable amplitude loading 两阶段变幅加载下铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接接头的疲劳破坏

IF 2.1 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-024-01809-2

Guo-Qin Sun, Zhen-Hao Fu, Shuai Yang, Xue-Zheng Wang, De-Guang Shang, Shu-Jun Chen

引用次数: 0

Quantifying the intensity of high-frequency mechanical impact treatment 量化高频机械冲击处理的强度

IF 2.1 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-024-01812-7

Jan Schubnell, Takeshi Hanji, Kazuo Tateishi, Stefanos Gkatzogiannis, Thomas Ummenhofer, Majid Farajian

{"title":"Quantifying the intensity of high-frequency mechanical impact treatment","authors":"Jan Schubnell, Takeshi Hanji, Kazuo Tateishi, Stefanos Gkatzogiannis, Thomas Ummenhofer, Majid Farajian","doi":"10.1007/s40194-024-01812-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-024-01812-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High-frequency mechanical impact (HFMI) is a user-friendly and efficient mechanical post-weld treatment method, and the achieved fatigue life improvement is statistically proved and is attributed to HFMI-induced compressive residual stresses amongst other effects. Several studies have shown in the past that the process parameters (treatment time and working speed) have an influence on the stress state introduced by the HFMI treatment. Thus far, however, only device-specific quantitative recommendation for the HFMI treatment exists based on the instructions of each HFMI device manufacturer. It is not clear if a certain treatment time for a given intensity leads to optimum results regarding the enhanced fatigue life and the treatment parameters of the several HFMI devices cannot be directly compared with each other. For these reasons, a universal and simple definition of the HFMI treatment’s intensity based on the kinetic energy of the HFMI pin was used to quantitatively correlate the HFMI-induced compressive residual stress with the HFMI-process parameters for two different HFMI devices: pneumatical impact treatment (PIT) and high-frequency impact treatment (HiFIT). To this purpose, data from former studies of HFMI-treated base material and welded specimens are revaluated. It is shown, that the compressive residual stresses show only slight changes after reaching a threshold value of the applied kinetic energy (<span>(approx)</span> 50 to 100 J/mm). This energy-based approach for the quantification of the treatment intensity was also used for a case study with PIT- and HiFIT-treated transverse stiffeners with different treatment intensities (2 J/mm and 7 J/mm). A high influence of the treatment intensity on the residual stress state was determined.</p>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141744351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Compensation of filler wire deflection in robotic gas metal arc welding processes 补偿机器人金属气弧焊接过程中的焊丝偏差

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-024-01810-9

Denys Molochkov, Ruslan Kulykovskyi

{"title":"Compensation of filler wire deflection in robotic gas metal arc welding processes","authors":"Denys Molochkov, Ruslan Kulykovskyi","doi":"10.1007/s40194-024-01810-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-024-01810-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper examines the issue of wire deflection in wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) and robotic welding, which leads to process instability and defects in printed geometry. The study focuses on the deflection of alloy 625, alloy 718, and 3Si1 welding wires during the deposition process. Measurements were taken to determine the relationship between wire deflection and the amount of wire used. Regression models were developed for each material to predict initial wire deflection and changes in deflection due to contact tip wear. The results showed that the deflection of alloy 625 and alloy 718 wires followed a nonlinear pattern for the first 500 m of wire, while the deflection of 3Si1 wire followed a nearly linear trend. The intensity of the contact tip wear is dependent on the normal contact load, which decreases as the wear increases. A generalized regression model of wire deflection was constructed based on the obtained regressions and the study of the wire’s deformed state. Based on these models, an algorithm was developed to correct the wire deflection by adjusting the tool center point coordinates. The effectiveness of the developed algorithm was verified in practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"68 11","pages":"2805 - 2818"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141744350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Non-destructive characterization of resistance projection welded joints by ultrasonic and passive magnetic flux density testing 通过超声波和被动磁通密度测试对电阻凸焊焊点进行无损表征

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-024-01808-3

Christian Mathiszik, Johannes Koal, Jörg Zschetzsche, Uwe Füssel, Hans Christian Schmale

{"title":"Non-destructive characterization of resistance projection welded joints by ultrasonic and passive magnetic flux density testing","authors":"Christian Mathiszik, Johannes Koal, Jörg Zschetzsche, Uwe Füssel, Hans Christian Schmale","doi":"10.1007/s40194-024-01808-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-024-01808-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The weld of resistance projection welded joints is not visible from outside. Therefore, visual evaluation is restricted, and visual inspection is not possible at all. So far, the parameters of the welding process are monitored and controlled. In addition, the welds are periodically tested destructively to determine the quality of the welds. No industrial standard has yet been established in the field of non-destructive testing (NDT) for projection welded joints. This study focuses on NDT of projection welds using two different ultrasonic imaging inspection systems and the passive magnetic ux density testing (pMFT) method. The ultrasonic inspection systems commercially available and established in the field of NDT of spot welds. Both systems are originally designed for the NDT of spot welds and not for projection welds. Unlike the ultrasonic systems, the pMFT is still in laboratory status. The method has originally been developed to evaluate spot welds and is also used in this study to evaluate projection welds. The applicability of the investigated systems to projection welding is investigated in order to derive mandatory development steps to achieve reliable results. The pMFT method shows also good results for NDT of spot welds In this contribution, the measurement and evaluation concept of the three NDT systems for projection welded joints is presented. The NDT results are discussed in the context of the corresponding destructive results in terms of tensile forces and fracture areas. Advises for further development of all investigated systems are given.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"68 10","pages":"2671 - 2682"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40194-024-01808-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141744348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-physics coupling simulation of GMAW arc and droplet behaviors based on CFD 基于 CFD 的 GMAW 电弧和液滴行为多物理场耦合模拟

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-024-01806-5

Zhang Yujiao, Li Yinghao, Niu Sizhe, Wang Hongtao, Zong Ran

{"title":"Multi-physics coupling simulation of GMAW arc and droplet behaviors based on CFD","authors":"Zhang Yujiao, Li Yinghao, Niu Sizhe, Wang Hongtao, Zong Ran","doi":"10.1007/s40194-024-01806-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-024-01806-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A three-dimensional transient model of gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process including the arc plasma and droplet transfer was established to investigate the complex coupling mechanism of mass transfer, heat transfer, electromagnetism, and hydrodynamics. The arc shape, current density, temperature field, electromagnetic force, arc pressure and droplet behavior were analyzed. The results showed that the iron vapor generated on the droplet surface and diffused in the arc, which changed the plasma thermal-pressure distribution. The upward surface tension maintained the forming droplet at the wire tip. The electromagnetic force promoted necking, resulting in a decrease in surface tension. Gravity and plasma drag force accelerated the droplet. The behaviors of the inner arc layer varied periodically with the droplet transfer, while the arc periphery remained stable. Droplet transfer was the result of periodic changes in the resultant of all external forces over time, which also led to periodic changes in arc behavior. This study laid the foundation for further research on the influence of arc and droplet behaviors on the weld pool.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"68 10","pages":"2589 - 2610"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141744349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interfacial microstructure and electrochemical behavior of diffusion welded joints of Zr-Alloy and super duplex stainless steel 锆合金和超级双相不锈钢扩散焊接接头的界面微观结构和电化学行为

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2024-07-13 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-024-01804-7

Avinash Kumar, Arindam Dhar, Ishita Koley, Sukumar Kundu

{"title":"Interfacial microstructure and electrochemical behavior of diffusion welded joints of Zr-Alloy and super duplex stainless steel","authors":"Avinash Kumar, Arindam Dhar, Ishita Koley, Sukumar Kundu","doi":"10.1007/s40194-024-01804-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-024-01804-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, solid-state diffusion welded joints of zirconium alloy (Zr-Alloy) and super duplex stainless steel (SS) were prepared at 875 °C with varying welding times of 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 minutes using a welding pressure of 4-MPa in a vacuum. The interface microstructure was characterized using optical, scanning electron microscopy in backscattered electron mode, and electron probe micro-analyzer. With 30 minutes of welding time, no intermetallic compounds were observed at the weld interface due to the minimum diffusion activity of chemical elements across the joints. However, for 45 minutes and above welding time, a phase mixture of ZrFe<sub>2</sub> + ZrCr<sub>2</sub> was observed near the interface of the welded joint, and the width of the phase mixture gradually increased with a further increase in welding time. The maximum joint tensile strength of ~ 302 MPa along with ~ 5.9% elongation was achieved in the joint developed for 45 minutes of welding time due to the formation of finely widened reaction products at the diffusion interface. The electrochemical studies of the welded joints were also investigated and a comparison was drawn between the same base metals using different electrochemical measurement techniques such as open circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic polarization in 0.1 mol/L HCl solution. It was identified that the corrosion rate of the welded joint made with 90 minutes welding time is the highest and the corrosion of the welded joints occurred in micro-galvanic mode due to the presence of intermetallic compounds at the joint interface.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"68 9","pages":"2521 - 2535"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characteristics and grain refinement of the weld bead by the GTAW with the alternating current on the filling wires 填充焊丝交流 GTAW 焊接熔珠的特征和晶粒细化

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-024-01807-4

Xueping Song, Jia Zhang, Xiaoquan Yu, Huayu Zhao, Jianzhou Xu, Jian Liu, Jiankang Huang, Ding Fan

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the role of process parameters of CMT welding and their statistical behaviour on the tensile properties of weld joint of novel aluminium hybrid composite 评估 CMT 焊接工艺参数及其统计行为对新型铝混合复合材料焊点拉伸性能的影响

IF 2.1 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-024-01805-6

Vibhu Singh, M. S. Niranjan, Qasim Murtaza

{"title":"Evaluation of the role of process parameters of CMT welding and their statistical behaviour on the tensile properties of weld joint of novel aluminium hybrid composite","authors":"Vibhu Singh, M. S. Niranjan, Qasim Murtaza","doi":"10.1007/s40194-024-01805-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-024-01805-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study investigates the cold metal transfer (CMT) welding of a novel hybrid aluminium composite (AA6061-T6/ 2wt.% TiB<sub>2</sub>/ 0.5wt.% La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) fabricated via stir casting. It analyzes the effect of welding parameters, i.e. current, travel speed, and gas flow rate, on the tensile strength of the composite’s weld joint using response surface methodology (RSM). Also, a dedicated study of the microstructure and mechanical properties of weld joints at optimal parameters has been conducted. Results indicate that current significantly affects tensile strength, followed by travel speed and gas flow rate. The optimal parameters identified are 142 A current, 9 mm/s travel speed, and 14 L/min gas flow rate for maximizing tensile strength. Welds at optimal parameters displayed no solidification cracking and minimum porosity. The microstructural analysis confirmed the presence of reinforcements in the composite with the formation of finer grains in the fusion zone (FZ) compared to the heat-affected zone (HAZ). Microhardness tests showed the highest values in the FZ and the lowest in the HAZ, while tensile tests showed reduced strength at HAZ compared to the FZ and base composite, with dominant brittle behaviour. Post-weld heat treatment improved ductility, as indicated by deeper dimples and tear ridges with fewer cleavage facets in fracture analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141570584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Copper contribution on microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar gas tungsten arc welded Ti–6Al–4V to Inconel® X-750 铜对异种气体钨极氩弧焊 Ti-6Al-4V 与 Inconel® X-750 的微观结构和机械性能的影响

IF 2.4 4区材料科学

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1007/s40194-024-01803-8

D. Ioannidou, A. Kaldellis, N. Makris, S. Deligiannis, P. Skarvelis, P. E. Tsakiridis

{"title":"Copper contribution on microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar gas tungsten arc welded Ti–6Al–4V to Inconel® X-750","authors":"D. Ioannidou, A. Kaldellis, N. Makris, S. Deligiannis, P. Skarvelis, P. E. Tsakiridis","doi":"10.1007/s40194-024-01803-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40194-024-01803-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dissimilar metal welding (DMW) between titanium alloys and nickel-based superalloys can contribute to acquiring light, heat-resistant frameworks of enhanced efficiency. The current study constitutes an attempt to obtain joints between a Ni-superalloy and a Ti-alloy, investigating the beneficial impact of copper on the microstructure of the weld metal (WM), through precipitation of ternary Ti–Ni–Cu intermetallic compounds (IMCs), instead of Ni–Ti ones, previously reported in weldments between such alloys. Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) was performed between Ti–6Al–4V and Inconel® X-750, varying the welding current and using different copper filler wires (pure Cu and NiCu). The microstructural characterization of weldments was conducted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and a further nanoscale examination was performed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Identification of IMCs and precipitates was achieved by X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the mechanical properties were investigated through microhardness Vickers measurements. Crack-free joints were obtained, albeit with the presence of IMCs comprising Ti–Ni, Ti–Cu, and Ti–Ni–Cu, as well as titanium carbides (TiCs). Cu exhibited a positive influence on the joints’ microstructure. Elevating the welding current led to accelerated cooling and solidification rates, resulting in enhanced Vickers microhardness values. This phenomenon can be attributed to either the formation of finer microstructures or the precipitation of brittle IMCs, which were observed in specimens welded with higher currents. Especially near the Ti-alloy interface, it was found that a brazing-type bond took place instead of welding, while high hardness values (up to 800 HV) were also detected.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":809,"journal":{"name":"Welding in the World","volume":"68 10","pages":"2577 - 2588"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0