Applied Radiation and Isotopes最新文献

{"title":"Editorial.","authors":"Christos Tsabaris, Aleksandaer Jaksic","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111950","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":" ","pages":"111950"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiological risk assessment of indoor ²²²Rn and ²²⁰Rn exposure in the seismically active Kopili Fault Zone on the eastern wedge of the Shillong Plateau, India.","authors":"Pranjal Protim Gogoi, Sarat Phukan, Debajyoti Barooah","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates indoor levels of ²²²Rn, ²²⁰Rn, and their progeny in houses located within the seismically active Kopili Fault Zone on the eastern wedge of the Shillong Plateau. Single-entry pinhole dosemeters and deposition-based progeny sensors with LR-115 (II) nuclear track detectors were used for the measurements, which were carried out over a 3-month exposure period during the winter season (December to February). The ²²²Rn concentrations ranged from 135.3 ± 9.5-457.5± 17.3 Bq m^-3 (average: 213.4 Bq m^-3), while ²²⁰Rn ranged from 101.4 ± 26.7-305.8± 34.2 Bq m^-3 (average: 178.2 Bq m^-3), exceeding WHO and ICRP thresholds. Significantly, certain Assam-type houses even exceeded the ICRP's upper reference level of 300 Bq m^-3. These elevated concentrations could be attributed to the uranium-enriched Precambrian Basement rocks underlying the region, the frequent seismic activity that characterizes this geologically sensitive area, and the inadequate ventilation in the houses. The equilibrium equivalent ²²²Rn and ²²⁰Rn concentrations (EERC and EETC) were calculated for both the 'attached' and 'unattached' progeny fractions. The ratio of EETC to EERC varied from 0.04 to 0.10, with an average of 0.07, which is consistent with the globally reported range of 0.01-0.5. The total effective inhalation doses (EIDs) during the exposure period from ²²²Rn, ²²⁰Rn, and their progeny ranged from 0.6 ± 0.2 to 1.6 ± 0.3 mSv, with an average of 0.9 mSv. To reduce health risks from prolonged exposure to radioactive gases in this earthquake-prone region, improved ventilation and structural modifications are strongly recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"112104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144871013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hospital-cyclotrons production of high-purity ¹⁵⁵Tb via ¹⁵⁵Gd(p,n).","authors":"Francesca Barbaro, Luciano Canton, Nikolay Uzunov, Laura De Nardo, Laura Meléndez-Alafort","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Terbium radionuclides are gaining prominence in theranostics, with ¹⁵⁵Tb emerging as promising SPECT imaging agent due to its γ emissions (87 keV, 32%; 105 keV, 25%) and favorable half-life (T_1/2=5.32 days), allowing extended biodistribution monitoring. However, efficient production via hospital cyclotrons is challenging, particularly in reducing ¹⁵⁶Tb contamination, which affects image quality and increases patient dose. This study investigates the ¹⁵⁵Gd(p,n)¹⁵⁵Tb reaction, highlighting the importance of ¹⁵⁵Gd target enrichment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"112026"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144741021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross section measurements with enriched ⁵⁰Ti targets for the production of the theranostic ⁴⁷Sc and its contaminants ⁴⁶Sc, ⁴⁸Sc, and ⁴⁸V.","authors":"Lucia De Dominicis, Gaia Dellepiane, Saverio Braccini, Sara Cisternino, Juan Esposito, Ferid Haddad, Etienne Nigron, Gaia Pupillo, Liliana Mou","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the goals of the REMIX (Research on Emerging Medical Radionuclides from the X-sections) project, an ancillary project of the LARAMED (LAboratory of RAdionuclides for MEDicine) program at INFN-LNL (National Institute of Nuclear Physics-Legnaro National Laboratories), is the investigation of excitation functions induced by protons to produce the theranostic radionuclide ⁴⁷Sc which has properties suitable for nuclear medicine applications. In this work, the cross sections for the ⁵⁰Ti(p,x)⁴⁶Sc, ⁴⁷Sc, ⁴⁸Sc, and ⁴⁸V nuclear reactions were measured in collaboration with both the GIP ARRONAX facility and the LHEP (Laboratory for High Energy Physics) of the University of Bern. The measurements covered the entire energy range between 10 and 70 MeV. Enriched ⁵⁰Ti targets, manufactured at INFN-LNL, were used, and the results were corrected for the contributions of the impurities of ⁴⁸Ti and ⁴⁹Ti present in the target material. In addition to ⁴⁷Sc, its radioactive contaminants were also considered since they can administer an additional undesired radiation dose to a patient or staff. Particular attention is given to the isotopic contaminants, since they cannot be separated by means of chemical methodologies. From our results, a promising energy interval for the ⁴⁷Sc production has been identified. However, a comprehensive study of the production yield and radionuclidic purity needs the investigation of the ^44mSc and ^44gSc co-production. This requires the correction of their cross sections for the contributions of the target material impurities ⁴⁶Ti and ⁴⁷Ti, for which experimental data are not currently available in literature. For this reason, further studies are ongoing.</p>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"112079"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144793328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensor performance evaluation for candidate photon readout systems in the RIPTIDE detector.","authors":"Claudia Pisanti, Stefano Cecchini, Patrizio Console Camprini, Francesco Giacomini, Samuele Lanzi, Cristian Massimi, Alberto Mengarelli, Triestino Minniti, Agatino Musumarra, Maria Grazia Pellegriti, Alberto Piccioni, Riccardo Ridolfi, Roberto Spighi, Nicolas Terranova, Mauro Villa","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper describes a comparative study of three optical readout systems for the RIPTIDE detector, focusing on their performance under extreme low luminosity conditions. The systems analysed include the ASI533MM-PRO from ZWO, the ORCA-Quest2 from Hamamatsu, and an MCP-based setup built specifically. A key aspect of this analysis is the method to measure the intensity distribution of the diffraction peaks, produced by a coherent light passing through a single slit to study the photon sensitivity and the noise characteristics of the detectors. A photodiode detector for laser power measurement was used to quantify the total light intensity, which was then correlated with the grey level output recorded by each system. As expected, the results show that the ASI533MM-PRO exhibited lower photon sensitivity and higher background noise than the ORCA-Quest2, which demonstrated the capability of detecting single photons. The MCP setup, despite its higher background noise, benefited from light amplification, enabling detection of lower photon densities. This method of comparison provides a robust framework for evaluating the photon's detection sensitivity of optical readout systems for high-precision, low-luminosity applications like the RIPTIDE detector.</p>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"112077"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144862037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-section evaluation of the therapeutic radionuclide ¹⁰³Pd: Different production routes using commercial cyclotrons.","authors":"B M Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The production of the medically relevant radioisotope ¹⁰³Pd via proton and deuteron-induced reactions on rhodium targets is critical for internal radiotherapy applications, including the treatment of prostate cancer, ocular melanoma, and targeted radiotherapy. This study is concerned with generating reliable excitation functions for the two main routes of ¹⁰³Pd production: ¹⁰³Rh (p,n)¹⁰³Pd and ¹⁰³Rh (d,2n)¹⁰³Pd, by combining theoretical modeling and experimental data analysis. Experimental cross-section data from the literature were subjected to normalization and correction to ensure consistency and accuracy. The EMPIRE nuclear reaction code was employed to validate the experimental literature data. The processed experimental data were then fitted to derive recommended excitation functions for the investigated reactions. The application of these data in calculating integrated yields was discussed to enhance the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of ¹⁰³Pd production in commercial cyclotrons. Both the proton and deuteron irradiation routes using commercial cyclotrons deliver comparable ¹⁰³Pd yields (∼12 MBq/μA h). Proton irradiation benefits from higher beam currents (about three times greater), while deuteron irradiation reduces rhodium target thickness (about six times thinner), presenting a trade-off between yield and cost efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"112242"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145249347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time estimation of boron concentration using an improved gamma-ray telescope system for boron neutron capture therapy.","authors":"Yoshinori Sakurai, Da Fu, Takushi Takata, Hiroki Tanaka, Minoru Suzuki","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An online, real-time estimation method to determine the spatial distribution of boron-10 (B-10) concentrations is required for improved dose estimation in boron neutron capture therapy. By using a gamma-ray telescope technique to analyze the 478-keV prompt gamma rays generated from the nuclear reaction of B-10 with thermal neutrons, information regarding the B-10 concentration distribution can be obtained. The improved gamma-ray telescope system was settled at the Heavy Water Neutron Irradiation Facility of Kyoto University Reactor. Experimental verification of the improved telescope system was performed, and the experimental data were compared with the simulated data to calculate the specification coefficient that relates the design simulation to the actual measurement. From the experimental verification results, the effectiveness and usefulness of the improved gamma-ray telescope system were confirmed, and the specification coefficient was obtained.</p>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"112231"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shape analysis of microplastic fragments: A computed microtomography study.","authors":"A P Teles, D F Oliveira, R T Lopes","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastic (MP) pollution represents a critical environmental challenge, yet comprehensive characterization of MPs fragments remains an area lack of in-depth research. This study highlights the potential of X-ray microtomography (microCT) to enhance our understanding of microplastics characteristics. Five small plastic Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) fragments, approximately 2.0 mm in diameter, which are secondary in origin and exhibit irregular shapes were analyzed. Through optimized scanning parameters, a voxel size of 6.0 μm were achieved and advanced image processing techniques to improve the visualization of these low-density materials were employed. Morphometric analysis was performed using three key parameters: elongation, flatness, and sphericity, enabling a nuanced classification of the fragments. There is a significant morphological diversity among the samples, emphasizing the necessity of a multi-parameter approach for effective classification. Additionally, microCT enabled the visualization of internal structures, such as cracks, which are indicative of degradation processes. This research underscores microCT's utility in elucidating the complex behavior and environmental impact of MP pollution, while highlighting the need for further studies to refine our classification methodologies and deepen our understanding of MP formation and degradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"112227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145249394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental determination of linear attenuation coefficients using a CdTe detector: application to breast tissue-equivalent materials.","authors":"Juliana de M Nascimento, Fernanda Gouveia P Magalhães, Lorena Cunha Fernandes, Alexander C F Silva, Ademir X da Silva, Josilene Cerqueira Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tissue-equivalent materials play an important role in clinical radiography systems, as they must accurately simulate human tissue in quality control testing. Therefore, precise characterization of these materials is essential for developing reliable phantoms for applications in this field. This study aims to evaluate an experimental methodology for determining the distribution of mass attenuation coefficients (μ/ρ (E)) of materials at each energy of polyenergetic X-ray beams measured by X-ray spectrometry using a CdTe detector. Additionally, as a practical application, various resins were analyzed to identify materials equivalent to breast tissue. The methodology involves measuring X-ray spectra using a CdTe detector in a narrow beam geometry, both incident on and transmitted through materials of varying thicknesses. For each energy in the distribution, an attenuation curve is obtained from the measured X-ray spectra, and the linear attenuation coefficient is calculated. Four reference materials with varying densities and atomic numbers were evaluated for validation purposes: PMMA, aluminum, silver, and copper. The experimental μ/ρ (E) for the reference materials agreed with literature results, with a minimal average relative discrepancy of -0.5 % for PMMA and a maximum of 3.2 % for silver. Among the analyzed resins, at low energies, a mixture of UV resin with 15 % soft resin exhibited a mass attenuation coefficient curve closer to that of adipose tissue compared to the other resins. The methodology presents limitations in analyzing breast tissue-equivalent materials, as breast tissues exhibit very similar linear attenuation coefficient values, requiring high precision. However, its performance can be improved by acquiring spectra with a high number of counts, which reduces statistical errors. This method is effective for evaluating material equivalence in terms of mass attenuation coefficient across different types of tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"112237"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of a collimator design for an epithermal neutron source based on ⁷Li (p,n) Be reaction and 2.5 MeV protons for BNCT.","authors":"Ha Shuai, Eszter Dian, Ferenc Mezei, Péter Sipos, Szabolcs Czifrus","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work optimized the beam shaping assembly (BSA) for a compact accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy (AB-BNCT) system with a 2.5 MeV, 10 mA proton beam incident on a lithium target to generate fast neutrons. MgF₂ and Pb were selected as the moderator and reflector materials, respectively. The collimator consisting of a layer of Pb and a layer of ⁶Li enriched polyethylene is studied in detail. ⁶Li enriched PE has greater impact on neutron flux and the ratio of flux and current, and 2.2 cm is chosen to be the thickness of ⁶Li enriched PE layer. Furthermore, a modular collimator design is presented to adjust collimator diameter from 8 cm to 17 cm with a step of 1 cm for different head/neck tumor size and positions. The in-air beam characteristics meet the IAEA criteria published in 2001 and 2023. The in-phantom dose evaluation shows that, with similar beam characteristics, a larger beam diameter can deliver a higher dose rate and deeper advantage depth, double dose depth and triple dose depth.</p>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"112230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145249329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}