Applied Radiation and Isotopes最新文献

{"title":"A review of radiation-induced damage to quantum dots","authors":"Jesse Snow ,&nbsp;Alex Gilbreath ,&nbsp;Edward Cazalas","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantum dots (QDs) are versatile nano structures that have applications in many fields of research and production, including biosensor technology, computing, photovoltaics, and optoelectronics. QDs have gained interest in the field of radiation detection because of their relative ease of production, tunable photoluminescence, and sensitivity to ionizing radiation. The photoluminescent properties of QDs diminish proportionally to prolonged ionizing radiation interactions, leading many groups to seek out these materials as potential candidates for the next generation of inexpensive, easily manufactured dosimetry and sensors. To use QDs in these applications, the mechanisms of radiation damage to the nanomaterial must be clearly understood and characterized. Herein, we review the study of ionizing radiation damage to QDs. First, the synthesis and properties of QDs are briefly discussed. Next, the radiation damage to QDs due to heavy charged particles, fast electrons, high energy photons, and neutrons are detailed. After this, experimental methods and modelling of QDs in radiation environments are examined. Lastly, future research directions are provided. The goal of this review is to aid in understanding the ionizing radiation effects on QD-based devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical novel medical isotope production with deuterium-tritium fusion technology","authors":"Lee J. Evitts ,&nbsp;Philip W. Miller ,&nbsp;Chiara Da Pieve ,&nbsp;Andrew Turner ,&nbsp;Stefano Borini","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The emergence and growth of fusion technology enables investigative studies into its applications beyond typical power production facilities. This study seeks to determine the viability of medical isotope production with the neutrons produced in an example large fusion device. Using FISPACT-II (a nuclear inventory code) and a simulated fusion spectrum, the production yields of a significant number of potentially clinically relevant (both in use and novel) medical isotopes were calculated. Comparative calculations were also conducted against existing production routes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Depending on the neutron flux of the fusion device, it could be an ideal technology to produce alpha-emitters such as ²¹²Bi/²¹²Pb, it may be able to contribute to the production of ^99mTc/⁹⁹Mo, and could offer an alternative route in the production a few Auger-emitting candidates. There is also a long list of beta-emitting nuclides where fusion technology may be best placed to produce over existing technologies including ⁶⁷Cu, ⁹⁰Y and ⁴⁷Sc.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>It is theoretically viable to produce existing and novel medical isotopes with fusion technology. However, a significant number of assumptions form the basis of this study which would need to be studied further for any particular nuclide of interest.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of a p-type co-axial HPGe detector: Long-term analysis of key parameters for gamma spectroscopy","authors":"Zahra Rakeb ,&nbsp;Sedigheh Sina ,&nbsp;Rasool Safari ,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Parishan","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate determination of the parameters of each high purity germanium, HPGe detectors ensure the precision of quantitative results obtained from spectrum analysis. This study presents a comprehensive performance evaluation and long-term quality control assessment of a high-purity germanium (HPGe) gamma spectrometry system that has been operational for over 15 years. Key spectrometric measures were recorded, including energy resolution, peak shape ratios, asymmetry, peak-to-Compton ratio, relative efficiency, electronic noise, minimum detectable activity (MDA), and repeatability and reproducibility of the system. With the assistance of a calibrated source Co-60, the detector exhibited a commendable energy resolution of 2.01 keV (FWHM), along with good peak shape ratios (FWTM/FWHM = 1.73, FWFM/FWHM = 2.48) and a peak-to-Compton ratio of 52.2, indicating high resolution and zero spectral distortion. Relative detector efficiency was 33.88 % at 1332.5 keV, and electronic noise was negligible at 0.178 %. MDA for certain radionuclides was found to be in the range 0.048–0.605 Bq/kg, which showed good sensitivity even for low-activity peaks. Repeatability tests gave a coefficient of variation (%CV) less than 1 % for all peaks measured, while reproducibility was confirmed with <em>t</em>-test and F-test statistical tests. A Shewhart <span><math><mrow><mover><mi>X</mi><mo>‾</mo></mover></mrow></math></span>-control chart revealed that at all times in all cases, measurements were within control limits, though a slight downward trend in the last few years suggests potential need for recalibration or maintenance. The findings corroborate the sustained conformity of the system to ISO/IEC 17025 quality standards and its sufficiency for precise and trustworthy gamma-ray analysis in radionuclide quantification and environmental monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additive manufacturing in radiation shielding design: Production of ulexite-doped polymers with DLP technology, structural and physical properties","authors":"Sinan Duman ,&nbsp;Yusuf Kavun ,&nbsp;Nuran Çelikçi ,&nbsp;Süleyman Kerli","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid advancement of three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies has significantly expanded their potential applications such as sensors and detector technology. In this study, the gamma-ray shielding performance of ulexite-doped composite resins fabricated via Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D printing was experimentally investigated to evaluate radiation attenuation capacity. Composite resins containing different ulexite loadings (0, 1, 3, and 5 wt%) were exposed to gamma rays at energies of 356, 662, 1173, and 1333 keV to evaluate their attenuation characteristics. The physicochemical properties of the composite resins were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. Additionally, mechanical performance was assessed through compressive and tensile strength measurements. The results demonstrated that increasing the ulexite ratio enhanced the shielding capacity, as evidenced by increased linear attenuation coefficients (LAC) and corresponding decreases in half-value layer (HVL), tenth-value layer (TVL), and mean free path (MFP). For instance, at 356 keV the LAC value increased from 0.0360 cm⁻¹ for the pure resin to 0.0451 cm⁻¹ with 5 wt% ulexite. This improvement is attributed to the increased density and effective atomic number of the composite resins, which promote photon-matter interactions. DLP printing enabled a homogeneous distribution of ulexite within the resin matrix and allowed precise control over composite resin fabrication, further contributing to enhanced shielding performance. These findings suggest that ulexite-doped DLP-printed composite resins have potential as effective radiation shielding materials, particularly against low- and medium-energy radiation. For higher energies, improvements in material density and thickness may be required.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pb-210 in volume samples: self-attenuation and scattering problems","authors":"Octavian Sima ,&nbsp;Daniela Gurau","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work we study the effect of the matrix of the source on the spectrum and on the full energy peak efficiency for low energy photons. Using realistic simulations carried out with PENELOPE 2018, including detector resolution, we show that small angle Compton scattering does contribute to the peak count rate, implying the dependence of the matrix effects on the linear attenuation coefficient μ and also on the scattering cross section. We show that the effect of Compton scattering can be removed from the apparent peak, resulting a “clean” peak depending only on μ. We apply the procedure for the evaluation of μ on the basis of uncollimated transmission measurements and subsequently use it for the calculation of self-attenuation corrections. We analyze measurements carried out in IFIN-HH in the context of an intercomparison exercise.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112165"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reference-free measurement of photon emission intensities in the decay of standard radionuclides","authors":"Ablaihan Utepov,&nbsp;Marie-Christine Lépy,&nbsp;Yves Ménesguen,&nbsp;Lucille Chambon","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reliable X-ray emission intensities are essential for quantitative material analysis using X-ray spectrometry and for the efficiency calibration of energy-dispersive spectrometers. In order to improve the reliability of data, reference-free measurements were performed to determine X-ray emission intensities, along with their associated uncertainties, for a set of standard radionuclides in the energy range from 5.4 keV to 53.13 keV. Partial <em>K</em> X-ray emission intensities were determined for nine radionuclides, resulting in total <em>K</em> emission intensities, <em>I</em>_<em>XK</em>, of 24.06(49)% for ⁵⁴Mn, 27.59(48)% for ⁵⁵Fe, 55.8(10)% for ⁵⁷Co, 37.4(9)% for ⁶⁵Zn, 60.0(7)% for ⁸⁵Sr, 59.0(7)% for ⁸⁸Y, 100.5(15)% for ¹⁰⁹Cd, 117.3(12)% for ¹³³Ba and 77.7(9)% for ¹³⁹Ce. In addition, γ-ray emission intensities were measured as 8.77(12)% for the 14.41 keV transition of ⁵⁷Co and 2.199(29)% for the 53.16 keV transition of ¹³³Ba. The results are in good agreement with existing data, although some differences were observed for a few radionuclides. For all investigated radionuclides, a fully traceable and reliable uncertainty budget has been provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radionuclides in drinking water from an industrial region in western Serbia and public health risk assessment","authors":"Predrag Kuzmanović ,&nbsp;Jovana Knežević Radić ,&nbsp;Branko Vujković ,&nbsp;Jelena Đekić Malbaša ,&nbsp;Marijana Srećković","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drinking water that contains elevated levels of radioactive substances can pose a potential risk for the development of cancer. Therefore, regular monitoring of radioactivity in water intended for human consumption is essential. In this context, a long-term investigation was carried out across 13 sites in the Mačva District (Western Serbia) during the 2010–2020 period. This region has notable industrial activity, including the phosphate and chemical industries. In this region, the opening of a lithium mine is planned in the near future, making it necessary to establish reliable baseline data on the radiological quality of drinking water before the start of mining activities. Gross alpha and beta activities were assessed using liquid scintillation spectrometry, while gamma spectrometry was used to determine the activity concentrations of radionuclides such as ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, ²²⁸Ra, ⁴⁰K, ¹³⁷Cs, and ¹³⁴Cs. All recorded values for alpha and beta activities remained below the regulatory thresholds of 0.1 Bq L^-1 and 1 Bq L^-1, respectively. Similarly, the activity concentration levels of all analyzed radionuclides complied with the recommended safety limits, resulting in an annual ingestion dose well under 0.1 mSv. Notably, no traces of radiocaesium were found in drinking water samples after the 2011 Fukushima nuclear accident. The findings indicate that the drinking water in this region poses no significant radiological threat, and that local industrial processes have not led to increased radionuclide concentrations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) phase I clinical trial for newly diagnosed glioblastoma by newly developed accelerator at University of Tsukuba","authors":"Kei Nakai ,&nbsp;Hiroaki Kumada ,&nbsp;Yoshitaka Matsumoto ,&nbsp;Keiichiro Baba ,&nbsp;Motohiro Murakami ,&nbsp;Toshiki Ishida ,&nbsp;Takashi Saito ,&nbsp;Masatoshi Nakamura ,&nbsp;Haruko Numajiri ,&nbsp;Masashi Mizumoto ,&nbsp;Narushi Sugii ,&nbsp;Shunichiro Miki ,&nbsp;Eiichi Ishikawa ,&nbsp;Kazushi Maruo ,&nbsp;Masae Takemura ,&nbsp;Koichi Hashimoto ,&nbsp;Tomomi Takahashi ,&nbsp;Toshimitsu Hayashi ,&nbsp;Hideyuki Sakurai","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Glioblastoma is unresectable and difficult to cure using surgery and chemoradiotherapy. New treatment strategies are needed, and our TB-GB-01 study aims to evaluate whether the combination of BNCT, external beam radiation, and temozolomide is a safe treatment for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is an interventional, open-label, non-randomized, single-center, single-arm, phase I physician-initiated trial designed and conducted by the University of Tsukuba. Eligible patients diagnosed with glioblastoma and selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria will receive a combination of BNCT, external beam radiation, and temozolomide. Treatment includes BNCT, external-beam radiation (total dose 40 Gy, 20 cycles over 4 weeks), and chemotherapy (temozolomide in combination with x-ray therapy period, 75 mg/m²/day). The first 3 patients will receive a BNCT normal brain maximum dose of 7 Gy at D2cc (mL) and will be moved to the next dose after adverse events are verified by the Safety monitoring committee and safety is ensured. The primary endpoint is the incidence of dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), and secondary endpoints include adverse event rates, treatment completion rate, response rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival. The target sample size is 12–18 patients.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Study TB-GB-01 is the first trial to evaluate the safety of the combination of BNCT, external beam X-rays, and temozolomide for newly diagnosed glioblastoma at an accelerator neutron source.</div></div><div><h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3><div>This protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Clinical Trials &amp; Research Network, IBARAKI. Results will be presented at international meetings and published in peer-reviewed journals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a safety code and assessment of radiation hazards in commercial brands of ornamental granites from Egypt","authors":"Adel A. Surour ,&nbsp;Amira El-Tohamy ,&nbsp;Fayrouz A. Mohamady ,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Shaban ,&nbsp;Mohamed Abdulnabi","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gamma-ray spectrometric analysis is used to measure and assess potential hazards of natural radiation in commercial brands of Egyptian granite used locally and for export. Ratio of eU/eTh of the Halayeb granite varieties amounts ≥1 whereas this ratio lies in the range of 0.5–1 for Gandolla and Hurgada red. Contents of eU and eTh in these varieties are below the average in the upper continental crust (UCC). The eU/eTh ratio amounts &lt;0.5. In addition to enrichment of U in the uraniferous samples, they are noticeably enriched in Th and radiogenic potassium (⁴⁰K). Kasolite is the only secondary U mineral found in Ghazal Verde, which is the sole alkali granite variety. Radionuclides are present in several accessory minerals such as allanite, monazite and columbite. Columbite contains 2.6 wt% U (Ghazal Verde yellow). Hurghada red granite contains U- and Th-rich zircon with 0.9 wt% U and 11.7 wt% Th. A safety code/scale (from 1, very safe to 5, very hazardous) is suggested in which the very safe commercial varieties are Aswan black and pink, Halayeb white, New Halayeb and Gharib red. To avoid radiation hazards, activity concentration of eU, eTh, RaeU and ⁴⁰K (up to ∼236, 106, 122 and 2066 Bq kg⁻¹, respectively) in these commercial brands should be considered prior to any application in construction projects either for exterior or internal designs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of Al2O3 NPs/epichlorohydrin nanocomposites for enhanced gamma-ray shielding performance","authors":"Noor E. Naji,&nbsp;Ali A. Aljubouri,&nbsp;Raid A. Ismail","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, Al₂O₃ nanopowder was synthesized using the DC reactive sputtering technique and its structural characteristics were examined. According to the FE-SEM, the average particle size ranged from 25 to 35 nm, with approximately spherical shape and uniform distribution of particles. This nanopowder was embedded into a transparent epichlorohydrin resin to fabricate nanocomposites intended for gamma-ray shielding applications. The relative protection efficiency (RPE) was found to decrease with increasing gamma-ray energy, as well as with higher Al₂O₃ nanoparticles content in the nanocomposite. The prepared nanocomposite samples, with thicknesses ranging from 0.3 to 1.5 cm and nanoparticles contents between 0.05 and 7 wt%, exhibited RPE values of 3–17 %. A slight decrease in half-value layer (HVL) and tenth-value layer (TVL) was observed as the nanoparticles content increased from 0.5 to 7 wt%, confirming the enhanced radiation attenuation capability of the prepared nanocomposites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}