Applied Radiation and Isotopes最新文献

{"title":"Calculation of double differential neutron cross-sections for the 115In(α,xn) reaction","authors":"Hasan Ozdogan ,&nbsp;Yigit Ali Uncu ,&nbsp;Mert Sekerci̇ ,&nbsp;Abdullah Kaplan","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The angle-dependent double differential cross-sections of neutrons scattered from an Indium-115 target bombarded by alpha particles at energies of 26.8 and 45.2 MeV, is analyzed using the TALYS 1.95 and PHITS 3.22 computer codes. Theoretical calculations through the TALYS code incorporated assessments of direct, compound, and pre-equilibrium nuclear reaction mechanisms. The computed results were compared with the experimental data sourced from the literature, providing a robust validation of the findings. The Monte Carlo results showed favorable correspondence with the experimental findings for 45.2 MeV alpha energy at 120° and 150°. The compound reaction mechanism was found to be the dominant interaction at energies below the neutron separation energy. With the increase in neutron emission energy, notable contributions from the pre-equilibrium mechanism to the cross-section calculations were observed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 111713"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ gamma radiometry of river bottom based on natural radioactivity measurements","authors":"H. Kasban,&nbsp;Elsayed H. Ali,&nbsp;H. Arafa","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) mapping at the bottom of rivers or seas is important for the environment, health, industry, and regulatory. NORM mapping procedure under the river bottom is complicated due to several technological, logistical, and environmental challenges. NORM mapping process normally carried out by taking samples from the location and analyzing it in the laboratory and hence it is time consuming especially if a large area is required to be scanned. This paper presents an efficient system for fast in situ mapping of NORM mapping under the river bottom. The system consists of a waterproof (NaI(Tl)) scintillation detector designed to immerge under water with a mechanical system to ensure that it is located on the surface under water. The detector is connected to Data Acquisition System (DAS) on the boat through waterproof coaxial cable. Globalization Positioning System (GPS) is used for determining the location of measurement. System Software provides a fast-mapping Gamma count rates in real time. The system has been tested at Rosetta branch of the river Nile in Egypt. The practical experiments, two navigations have been carried out with different boat speeds (2 km/h and 6 km/h). The measured data has been visualized and analyzed in situ and proved the efficiency of hardware and software. In addition, the obtained measurements show the different concentrations of NORM in the bottom of the river. The results indicate that the NORM is increased when moving toward the Mediterranean Sea direction which reflects that the composition of the soil material is changed at the intersection of the river Nile with the sea. The results also show that the longer sampling times allow more gamma counts to be recorded, the optimal scanning speed depends on the activity level of the source, the detector's sensitivity, and the objective of the NORM mapping.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 111711"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Based on the thickness equivalent basis effect decomposition method of ore separation by multi-energy X-ray transmission technology","authors":"Zi-Yan Yu ,&nbsp;Yan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiong-Jie Zhang ,&nbsp;Hao-Ran Zhang ,&nbsp;Dong-Yang Wang ,&nbsp;Hong-Yu Duan ,&nbsp;Ren-Bo Wang ,&nbsp;Bin Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The average grade of uranium ore in China is low and dispersed, positioning X-ray transmission technology as a promising method for enhancing uranium ore quality. However, the uneven thickness of the ore significantly affects the accuracy of the separation process. This paper introduces a method for mineral separation through base effect decomposition, leveraging the principle of thickness equivalence. This method exploits the characteristic of minimal variation in the linear attenuation coefficient of high-energy X-rays during transmission. By measuring reference samples, the sum of linear attenuation coefficients at selected energy intervals is calculated. This allows for the determination of the thickness equivalence values and corresponding equivalent linear attenuation coefficients for ore samples. Upon completion of thickness calibration, the average equivalent linear attenuation coefficient curves for different ore samples are analyzed using base effect formulas, resulting in the extraction of photoelectric effect coefficients and Compton effect coefficients, which serve as standards for uranium ore sorting. Monte Carlo simulations were performed on ore samples with varying thicknesses and uranium content, demonstrating a relative error in sample equivalent thickness of less than or equal to 7.08%. Following thickness correction, the base effect decomposition method demonstrates the capability to effectively differentiate uranium ore samples with a detection limit of 500 ppm, thereby fulfilling the industrial application requirements. This research not only provides a theoretical framework but also practical reference for the selective sorting of uranium ore, with significant implications for improving ore processing efficiency in actual uranium mining operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 111710"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143385901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technetium-99m-labeled stealth liposomes: A new Strategy to Identify metastasis in tumour model","authors":"Swapna J. Nabar ,&nbsp;Tanuja Shet ,&nbsp;Basant Malpani ,&nbsp;Puthusserickal Hassan ,&nbsp;Sandip Basu","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Stealth liposomes are useful carriers for delivering drugs to cancer sites. In this paper we describe the preparation and evaluation of ^99mTc labelled stealth liposomes (PEG-Liposomes) as potential radiopharmaceuticals for SPECT imaging of cancer. This study is first to describe targeted localisation of radiolabeled stealth liposomes in tumourous cells, sparing normal cells of various organs in metastatic L1210 mouse tumour model in BDF1 mice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Glutathione encapsulated stealth liposomes were made using lipid film hydration technique followed by probe sonication. Liposomes were radiolabeled using a lipophilic technetium complex, ^99mTc-d,l-HMPAO. Labelled liposomes were purified by gel chromatography over sephadex G25 column. The tumour model was developed in immuno-competent BDF1 mice (F1DBA/2/C57-BL6 crosses) by injecting L1210 cells intraperitoneally. Biodistribution studies of the ^99mTc- stealth liposomes were done in both tumour induced and normal mice. Histopathologic studies were done by excising the organs and the radioactivity in various sections was detected by autoradiography.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The stealth liposomes could be synthesized as per a reported procedure and it showed similar retention factor in thin layer chromatography. Liposomes could be radiolabelled by using ^99mTc-d,lHMPAO. Purification over sephadex G 25 column yielded radioachemical purity greater than 95%. Biodistribution studies and autoradiography studies showed significantly higher accumulation of ^99mTc labelled stealth liposomes in liver, pancreas and ascitic fluid of the tumour induced mice as compared to normal mice.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>^99mTc labelled stealth liposomes having radiochemical purity greater than 95% could be prepared which showed higher uptake in tumour.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 111709"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143369798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production, radiochemical separation and electrochemical concentration of No-carrier-added 52Mn: An emerging PET radiometal","authors":"Sourav Patra ,&nbsp;Sanchita Ghosh ,&nbsp;Khajan Singh ,&nbsp;Suresh Chand Sharma ,&nbsp;Sanjay Vishwanath Thakare ,&nbsp;Rubel Chakravarty","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, there has been significant interest in ⁵²Mn (T_½ = 5.6 d) as a relatively long lived radiometal for PET imaging of cancer. In this study, we have produced ⁵²Mn from natural Cr metallic powder target via ⁵²Cr (p, n) ⁵²Mn reaction in a particle accelerator. An efficient radiochemical separation method based on selective precipitation of Cr as Cr(OH)₃ followed by electrochemical purification and concentration of ⁵²Mn was developed for isolation of no-carrier-added (nca) ⁵²Mn from the irradiated target. The overall radiochemical separation yield of the process was &gt;75 %. After separation, ⁵²Mn was obtained with &gt;99.5 % radionuclidic purity and &gt;97 % radiochemical purity. The apparent molar activity of ⁵²Mn was determined to be 2.2 ± 0.1 MBq/nmol and it was found suitable for preparation of radiopharmaceuticals. As a proof of concept, [⁵²Mn]Mn-DOTA-E[c(RGDfK)]₂ was prepared with 98.8 ± 0.4 % radiolabeling yield and the radiochemical stability of the formulation was maintained over a period of 7 days under physiological conditions. Overall, this strategy is viable for obtaining nca ⁵²Mn in a suitable form for radiopharmaceutical preparation and would potentially increase the availability of this radiometal for clinical PET imaging in foreseeable future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 111707"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143369799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary experiments to produce lutetium-177 in the TRR-1/M1 Thai research reactor","authors":"Pitima Ragchana ,&nbsp;Phannee Saengkaew ,&nbsp;Saensuk Wetchagarun ,&nbsp;Kanokrat Tiyapun ,&nbsp;Moleephan Dangprasert ,&nbsp;Kitiwat Khamwan","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lutetium-177 has emerged as a highly efficient radionuclide for medical applications, particularly in the field of targeted radionuclide therapy. Its production has been increasingly optimized through neutron activation techniques, which offer distinct advantages over alternative methods. Utilizing the TRR-1/M1 research reactor, which has been in operation for nearly six decades, provides a strategic opportunity for advancing domestic radioisotope production, thereby supporting the medical sector in Thailand. The TRR-1/M1 reactor, despite its operational age, continues to exhibit considerable potential for contributing to medical research and radioisotope development in Thailand. Preliminary experimental results, conducted at a flux of 1.42 × 10¹² n/cm²/s demonstrated promising outcomes, even under operational constraints such as fuel management limitations. Notably, the direct neutron activation of natural lutetium oxide notably yielded a specific activity of ¹⁷⁷Lu at 10.92 GBq/g (295.06 mCi/g) with a production yield of 44.8%, with projections reaching 222 GBq/g (6 Ci/g) after 40 days of neutron irradiation. In comparison, the indirect method, using natural ytterbium oxide as a precursor, achieved a maximum specific activity of ¹⁷⁷Lu at 6.6 MBq/g (180.3 μCi/g) with a yield of 37.8% of a theoretical maximum of 17.6 MBq/g (476 μCi/g) after only 10 h of neutron activation. These results highlight the feasibility and promise of ¹⁷⁷Lu radioisotope production in Thailand.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 111708"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a twin Frisch-grid ionization chamber for correlated fission fragments studies","authors":"Hongfei Chen,&nbsp;Pu Zheng,&nbsp;Jun Xiao,&nbsp;Tonghua Zhu,&nbsp;Junjie Sun,&nbsp;Jie Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A Twin Frisch-Grid Ionization Chamber (TFGIC) for the measurement of correlated fission fragments has been built in the Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry (INPC). The design and performance testing, as well as data analysis of fission experiments, have been described in this paper. The results of performance testing experiment with a compound alpha source of ^241,243Am showed that the ratio of the electric field between the drift region and collection region should be greater than a critical value. Meanwhile, the correction of grid inefficiency (GI) and the reconstruction of emission angle were investigated in detail. These experimental results provided a solid foundation for fission experiments. Two fission experiments of ²³⁵U have been carried out both at the Chinese Mianyang research reactor (CMRR) and neutron science facility in INPC to validate the feasibility of this setup used for investigating fission. The results showed that the angular resolution achieved 12.6%, and the mass resolution was about 5 atom mass unit (AMU). Moreover, the total kinetic energy (TKE) of fission fragments for both fission experiments agreed well with those in the literature. These primary results indicated the detector could be well applied in the subsequent fission investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 111706"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and thermal insights into the luminescent behavior of Dy³⁺-Doped BaZrO₃ with alkali metal codopants under UV radiation","authors":"Y. Tuncer Arslanlar ,&nbsp;Y. Alajlani ,&nbsp;M.B. Coban ,&nbsp;U.H. Kaynar ,&nbsp;H. Aydin ,&nbsp;H. Örücü ,&nbsp;J. Garcia Guinea ,&nbsp;N. Can","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the structural, thermal, and photoluminescent properties of Dy³⁺-doped BaZrO₃ (BZO) perovskites, synthesized via a co-precipitation method, incorporating alkali metal codopants (Li⁺, Na⁺, and K⁺). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the retention of the cubic perovskite phase following doping, with Rietveld refinement further revealing minor lattice distortions due to Dy³⁺ incorporation. The Williamson-Hall (W–H) analysis revealed average crystallite sizes of 53 nm and 66 nm for undoped and 0.01 Dy³⁺-doped BaZrO₃, respectively, with corresponding micro-strain values of 1.79 × 10⁻³ and 1.81 × 10⁻³, suggesting lattice distortions due to incorporation of Dy³⁺. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the cubic perovskite structure and subtle structural modifications upon doping. Notably, the absence of moisture-related peaks highlights the effectiveness of the synthesis process, including rigorous drying and calcination steps that prevented hydrous species. Photoluminescence (PL) analysis of Dy³⁺-doped BaZrO₃ exhibited three prominent emission peaks at 452 nm, 573 nm, and 656 nm under 368 nm excitation. These peaks correspond to the characteristic intra-4f electronic transitions of Dy³⁺ ions, specifically, ⁴I_13/2 to ⁶H_15/2, ⁴F_9/2 to ⁶H_13/2, and ⁴F_9/2 to ⁶H_11/2, representing blue, yellow, and red emissions, respectively. Photoluminescence decay studies showed multi-exponential behavior, with the average lifetime decreasing from 641 μs in undoped BZO to 492 μs in Dy³⁺-doped samples attributed to enhanced non-radiative recombination pathways. Among the codopants, Li⁺ demonstrated the most significant improvement in luminescence intensity and thermal stability by mitigating defects and optimizing charge compensation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 111698"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143284278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating cosmic-ray backgrounds in HPGe gamma spectrometry: Experimental observations and GEANT4 simulations","authors":"Zaijing Sun ,&nbsp;Krishnakumar Divakar Nangeelil ,&nbsp;Sungmin Pak","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study demonstrates the efficacy of employing the GEANT4 simulation toolkit for investigating the background spectra of High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector induced by atmospheric cosmic rays. GEANT4 is utilized to accurately replicate the experimental setup, detector geometry, and the gamma background spectrum for the HPGe detector. The EXPAC model is used to generate above-ground-level cosmic-ray particles for the terrain. Various techniques, such as the use of low-activity lead and oxygen-free copper as shielding materials, along with an external plastic scintillator to veto cosmic rays from the atmosphere, are employed to improve the signal-to-background ratio of HPGe detector systems. Photopeaks associated with ⁴⁰K, ⁶⁰Co, ²³²Th and ²³⁸U decay chain were observed in the measured background gamma spectrum. The integral count rates of the experimental and simulated background spectrum in the 20–1750 keV energy range were 1.92 ± 0.06 s⁻¹ and 1.84 ± 0.14 s⁻¹, respectively. The experimental and simulated background spectra match well, both qualitatively and quantitatively, indicating that GEANT4 is an effective simulation tool for predicting gamma spectra of HPGe detectors accurately.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 111703"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Development of a CLYC-based wide dose rate range portable neutron-gamma detector” [Appl. Radiat. Isotop. 217 111629]","authors":"Yuliang Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111694","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 111694"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143073618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}