Applied Radiation and Isotopes最新文献

{"title":"Numerical dosimetry of stereotactic radiosurgery treatments in pediatric patients","authors":"Felipe B. Cruz ,&nbsp;Alessa Maschio ,&nbsp;Arthur S.B.Z. Alves ,&nbsp;William S. Santos ,&nbsp;Lucio P. Neves ,&nbsp;Ana P. Perini","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brain and nervous system neoplasms account for 25 % of childhood cancer cases. In these instances, radiotherapy treatments increase survival rates, but the high radiosensitivity of pediatric patients raises concerns about the potential adverse effects of radiation. Thus, dose delivery precision becomes crucial in treatment planning, and stereotactic radiosurgeries, such as those performed with Gamma Knife equipment, are the leading-edge techniques in precision radiotherapy. This study aims to evaluate conversion coefficients for equivalent doses (CC[H_T]) for out-of-field organs using pediatric mesh-type reference computational phantoms aged 1-, 5 -, 10-, and 15-years during stereotactic radiosurgery through computational simulations with the MCNP 6.3.0 code. Higher CC[H_T] values were found for organs closer to the target organ of the treatment, such as the eyes, salivary glands, and thyroid, which received an average of 33.6 %, 6.4 %, and 2.6 % of the treatment dose, respectively. As the age of the pediatric phantom increased, CC[H_T] values in organs farther from the target region decreased due to the increase in body length. We also determined the conversion coefficients for effective doses CC[E] and observed higher CC[E] values for the computational phantom with the lowest BMI. Thus, computational simulations showed to be meaningful tool for estimating out-of-field CC[H_T] values in pediatric patients and CC[E] values, given the challenges of performing organ-level dosimetry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 111840"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beam emittance measurement of low energy H− ion beam via solenoid scan method on the injector of AB-BNCT","authors":"Chawon Park,&nbsp;Minho Kim,&nbsp;Hyunwoo Jung,&nbsp;Won Taek Hwang,&nbsp;Bong Hwan Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) systems utilizing diverse accelerator technologies and neutron generation methodologies have shown promise for cancer treatment. The Korea Institute of Radiological &amp; Medical Sciences (KIRAMS) is developing a K- BNCT project with an electrostatic accelerator to produce neutrons through nuclear reactions for BNCT. A prototype 500 keV KIRAMS electrostatic tandem (KEST-500) proton accelerator and an injector test stand (ITS) have been set up to evaluate beam parameters, with a focus on measuring beam emittance while considering space charge effects. The ITS component consists of a 30 keV negative hydrogen ion (H⁻) source, a solenoid magnet, and a beam profile monitor (BPrM). The main purpose of the ITS is to obtain a full understadnding of the high-current H⁻ ion beams. Transfer matrix techniques are used to determine beam emittance at the solenoid entrance, while beam tracking simulations incorporating space charge effects provide a comprehensive analysis of beam transport. Results show the influence of beam current and energy on space charge impact and beam quality, highlighting the importance of considering space charge effects in accelerator systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 111831"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and homogeneity of a monazite sand matrix: A candidate reference material for activity concentration measurements 40K, 226Ra, 228Ra and 214Pb","authors":"Bianca Rossini Marques ,&nbsp;Rogério de Andrade Filgueiras ,&nbsp;Ademir Xavier da Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The production of Certified Reference Materials (CRM) is an essential activity to improve and maintain a coherent measurement system worldwide. CRMs are analytical standards of high metrological reliability used for calibration, quality control, method validation and determination of the accuracy of results. This work focuses on the development of a monazite-rich sand standard according to ISO/IEC 17034. “Praia da Areia Preta”, located in Guarapari, southeastern Brazil, is known for its above-average concentration of ²³²Th. Although widely studied, there is no metrological reference (standard) for this type of sand (monazite). Homogeneity is one of the most important characteristics of CRMs, verified by the statistical method of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for the radionuclides in this study. Homogeneity is defined as the degree to which a property is randomly distributed throughout the material. In practice, a CRM candidate is only considered sufficiently homogeneous when the contents of its various vials do not differ sufficiently from each other to affect their intended uses, as specified in Guide 33. The mean activity concentrations and their uncertainty for each radionuclide in this study were, respectively: (33.8 ± 1.4) Bq kg⁻¹ for ⁴⁰K; (44.56 ± 0.36) Bq kg⁻¹ for ²²⁶Ra; (416.12 ± 0.68) Bq kg⁻¹ for ²²⁸Ra; and (43.96 ± 0.33) Bq kg⁻¹ for ²¹⁴Pb. The CRM candidate samples are homogeneous for the entire prepared batch. The results for Pb and Bi (²²⁶Ra) showed close values, indicating good measurement and equilibrium of the decay chain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 111843"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary study on a new neutron spectrum measurement method for the angle and energy differential neutron field for accelerator based BNCT","authors":"S. Tamaki,&nbsp;S. Kusaka,&nbsp;F. Sato,&nbsp;I. Murata","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is an effective cancer treatment that utilizes neutron irradiation; it is necessary to evaluate the characteristics of the therapeutic neutron field as accurately as possible to minimize the unwanted dose to patients. As an approach to this issue, we are currently considering a new method to measure the double-differential neutron spectrum (DDNS) in terms of both angle and energy.</div><div>In this study, a new spectrometer for this system was designed, and feasibility studies were conducted using numerical simulations. As a result, the validity of this method was confirmed at angles less than 30°. However, the evaluated spectra differed from the true spectrum at angles greater than 45°. These results imply that the current system exhibits excessive sensitivity to neutrons incident on the side surface of the spectrometer, necessitating design improvements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 111836"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disinfection of fungus using X-ray irradiation for the preservation of contaminated organic artifacts of traditional heritage","authors":"Gyeong-Seo Jo ,&nbsp;Yeong-Hyeok Kwak ,&nbsp;Min-Goo Park ,&nbsp;Hae-Jun Park","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In disaster situations such as tsunamis, floods, and typhoons, fungal contamination can significantly intensify within 48 h of submersion, rapidly spreading and damaging the value and structural integrity of organic cultural heritage artifacts. Consequently, the application of radiation-based disinfection has been increasingly studied as an effective method for prompt and reliable treatment. In most cases, the fungal species were successfully eradicated at a radiation dose of 5 kGy (gamma rays). Nevertheless, certain fungal strains demonstrated high resistance and survived even at doses ranging from 10 to 15 kGy, making disinfection more challenging. Notably, differences in threshold disinfection doses between gamma rays and electron beams (E-beams) have been reported. Therefore, this study investigated the threshold dose of X-ray radiation required to disinfect representative fungi that damage organic cultural heritage artifacts, including <em>Epicoccum nigrum</em> (high radiation resistance), <em>Cladosporium cladosporioides</em> (moderate resistance), and <em>Aspergillus niger</em> (common resistance). <em>E. nigrum</em> was effectively controlled at a dose of 12.5 kGy, while <em>C. cladosporioides</em> was controlled at 7.5 kGy and <em>A. niger</em> was controlled within the 5 kGy range. The results of this study suggest that at least 12.5 kGy of X-ray radiation should be used to preserve waterlogged traditional Korean art pieces after flooding or other water disasters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 111830"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relative biological effectiveness of an accelerator-based BNCT system coupled to a solid-state lithium target: two different approaches for neutron beams","authors":"Yasunori Shuto ,&nbsp;Satoshi Nakamura ,&nbsp;Shoji Imamichi ,&nbsp;Kenzi Shimada ,&nbsp;Mihiro Takemori ,&nbsp;Yusaku Kasai ,&nbsp;Tetsu Nakaichi ,&nbsp;Hiroki Nakayama ,&nbsp;Yuta Kobayashi ,&nbsp;Miki Yonemura ,&nbsp;Hana Endo ,&nbsp;Homare Murata ,&nbsp;Takahito Chiba ,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Okamoto ,&nbsp;Tomonori Goka ,&nbsp;Masamichi Ishiai ,&nbsp;Mitsuko Masutani ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Igaki","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of neutrons in neutron beams is crucial for the clinical implementation of accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) systems. The RBE was quantified by comparing the doses required to achieve a 10 % cell survival fraction (D10) between reference radiation (photons) and neutrons. However, in accelerator-based BNCT, the neutron beam includes not only neutrons but also contaminating gamma rays, making it essential to calculate the RBE of neutrons while accounting for the gamma-ray dose. The RBE of neutrons was calculated using a recently proposed method, which assumes that the interaction between neutrons and contaminating gamma rays is independent, and this was compared with the conventional method, which assumes that the interactions are not independent. These calculations were conducted in an accelerator-based BNCT system with a solid-state lithium target. A comparison was also performed by varying the representative beam parameters to validate the RBE values. Additionally, the photon isoeffective dose was implemented and compared with the RBE-weighted dose calculated from the two RBE values. Four cell lines (SAS, SCCVII, U87-MG, and NB1RGB) were used to assess the cell survival fraction (SF). The SF curves for neutrons and photons were derived using linear and linear-quadratic models, respectively, to calculate D10. For the four cell lines, the mean RBE value calculated using the conventional method was 1.9 (RBE1), while that calculated using the recent method was 2.0 (RBE2). Furthermore, when the photon isoeffective dose was calculated, it closely matched the RBE-weighted doses obtained using RBE1 and RBE2 from the four cell lines. This study also examined the impact of varying the ratio of contaminating gamma rays to neutron doses, a representative beam parameter, on RBE1 and RBE2. The RBE2 value remained independent of the ratio, whereas the RBE1 value increased with rising gamma-ray contamination. However, the two RBE values was comparable when the system was adequately designed for clinical BNCT use. Therefore, this study suggests that comparing the RBE values derived from the two different methods can confirm not only the validity of the RBE but also the representative beam parameters in accelerator-based BNCT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 111834"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143842551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of rotation and scanning spatial resolution on gafchromic film response in high energy photon beam","authors":"Hamid Reza Baghani","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the main parameters which can affect the precision of the gafchromic film dosimetry results is scanning procedure of irradiated films. The effects of film scanning resolution as well as film orientation inside the flat-bed scanner on the final gafchromic film response have been evaluated in the current study.</div><div>Gafchromic EBT2 films were used in the current study. The films were cut into 2 × 1 cm² and irradiated by different dose levels of 0–600 cGy using 6 MV clinical photon beam produced by an ELEKTA compact linear accelerator. To evaluate the effect of scanning spatial resolution on film response, irradiated films were scanned with different dpi values of 50, 72, 200, and 300. Accordingly, relevant signal to noise ratios (SNR) were measured. Furthermore, films were scanned at different angles of 0-, 30-, 60-, and 90-degrees respect to the scan direction and corresponding dose-response curves were acquired and compared to assess the effect of film orientation inside the scanner bed.</div><div>The results showed that both parameters have a measurable impact on the film response. The SNR decreased by increasing the dpi value (e.g. SNR reduces about 50 % with changing dpi from 50 to 300). Film rotation inside the scanner bed can also considerably affect the film dose-response curve so that the film rotation from zero to 90° can change the film response by 59 % at the maximum level.</div><div>Based on the results, it can be concluded that lower scanning dpi values (lower than 100) can improve the film response SNR and precision of the developed film dosimetry system. Furthermore, any film rotation during the film readout inside the scanner bed should be avoided, because it can considerably change the film response and relevant dosimetry data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 111829"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in neutron dosimetry: A comprehensive FLUKA simulation of PLASTIC scintillator response across multiple irradiation geometries","authors":"Roya Boudaghi Malidarreh ,&nbsp;N. Almousa ,&nbsp;Shams A.M. Issa ,&nbsp;Mayeen Uddin Khandaker ,&nbsp;Hesham M.H. Zakaly","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study offers a new computational tool for characterizing neutron particle spectrums and calculating dose, which may be helpful for use in medical imaging, nuclear physics, and industrial process applications. Using a state-of-the-art detector response matrix, this study explores the complex response behavior of a PLASTIC scintillator to neutron interactions. Scintillation detectors have unique interaction properties, and the investigation relies on this for a detailed analysis of their performance. FLUKA simulation code and the FLAIR interface are used to calculate the neutron energy deposited on the scintillator for a full range of neutron energies 0.001–10 MeV and three types of irradiation; Axial, non-axial, and Radial. This very extensive sim shows the subtleties of the response of the scintillator material for a slightly off-center hit, where the neighbor hits over time would affect the overall measurement depending on the orientation in which the scintillator is mounted and whether it can detect it. The results showcase the effectiveness of the detector in differentiating between different energies of neutrons and the decrease in energy resolution with respect to neutron energy, a key aspect of neutron detector design and applications. Additionally, the study showcases the breadth of applicability of Monte Carlo simulations to create a versatile detector response matrix and function to strengthen fundamental neutron interaction knowledge. This key piece of groundwork lays the foundation for future work on the behavior of other types of particles and enables new applications in accurate neutron detection and measurement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 111820"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143842627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boron neutron capture therapy with pteroyl-closo-dodecaborate-conjugated 4-(p-iodophenyl)butyric acid (PBC-IP) for a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SAS) model mice","authors":"Kazuki Miura ,&nbsp;Kai Nishimura ,&nbsp;Minoru Suzuki ,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Nakamura","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is an attractive therapeutic approach for treating refractory cancers. Currently, 4-borono-L-phenylalanine (BPA) is the only boron carrier approved for BNCT, specifically for unresectable, locally advanced, or recurrent head and neck cancers in Japan. However, efficacy of BPA relies on the L-type amino acid transporter (LAT1), which is highly expressed in many cancers, limiting its broader application. In this study, we investigated the potential of a novel boron carrier, pteroyl-<em>closo</em>-dodecaborate-conjugated 4-(<em>p</em>-iodophenyl)butyric acid (PBC-IP), designed to the folate receptors (FRs), as an alternative for BNCT in head and neck cancers. PBC-IP was injected into human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma SAS xenograft mice to assess its biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy compared to BPA. Our results showed that PBC-IP achieved selective tumor accumulation, although the boron concentration in tumors was lower than that of BPA (5 μg [¹⁰B]/g vs. 15 μg [¹⁰B]/g, respectively). PBC-IP underwent significant hepatic metabolism. BNCT treatment with PBC-IP suppressed tumor growth in mice, whereas BPA showed superior efficacy, nearly eliminating tumors. Importantly, no significant toxicity was observed in either group. These findings suggest that while PBC-IP exhibits some potential for BNCT targeting FR-expressing tumors, BPA remains the more effective option for head and neck cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 111837"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility study of accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy for thoracic tumors: treatment planning aspect","authors":"Mihiro Takemori ,&nbsp;Satoshi Nakamura ,&nbsp;Tetsu Nakaichi ,&nbsp;Hiroki Nakayama ,&nbsp;Yasunori Shuto ,&nbsp;Yuta Kobayashi ,&nbsp;Miki Yonemura ,&nbsp;Hana Endo ,&nbsp;Homare Murata ,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Okamoto ,&nbsp;Takahito Chiba ,&nbsp;Masato Nishitani ,&nbsp;Shuka Nishina ,&nbsp;Masaru Nakamura ,&nbsp;Toshimitsu Hayashi ,&nbsp;Tairo Kashihara ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Igaki","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study discusses the feasibility of accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy (AB-BNCT) for thoracic cancers. Fourteen patients were enrolled: six with breast cancer, five with lung cancer, and three with esophageal cancer. Although BNCT is performed with a single fraction from a single beam direction, two-fraction treatments with different beam angles were considered to improve the dose of gross tumor volume (GTV) in cases where the dose constraint of GTV was not achieved. Relative biological effectiveness (RBE)-weighted dose distributions were calculated based on computed tomography (CT) images via Monte Carlo simulation (PHITS) to evaluate the dose to GTV and organs-at-risk (OARs). One-field irradiation plans in six patients (breast: 1, lung: 4, esophageal: 1) did not achieve the dose constraint of GTV owing to deep-seated or large tumors, whereas those in the other patients did. Among these six patients, the two-field irradiation plan improved the achievement rate of the dose constraint of GTV from zero to five patients and that of heart from five to six patients. Moreover, the 2-field irradiation plan improved the homogeneity index of GTV. Changing the appropriate dose prescription and number of treatment fractions according to the patient's condition can enhance the safe delivery of BNCT for thoracic cancers while delivering a sufficient dose to the tumors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 111835"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}