Applied Radiation and Isotopes最新文献

{"title":"Study of a method to correct for accidental coincidences in TDCR measurements","authors":"Karsten Kossert,&nbsp;Marcell Péter Takács","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A recently proposed method from Dutsov et al. (2020) for correcting random coincidences in TDCR measurements was thoroughly examined. To achieve this, an extensive experimental study was conducted using various liquid scintillation (LS) samples. The study involved several radionuclides (³H, ³²Si/³²P, ⁵⁵Fe, ⁸⁹Sr, ¹⁵¹Sm, ²³⁸Pu, and ²⁴¹Am) as well as background samples. Different LS cocktails and activity levels were also considered. Data acquisition was performed using a fast digitizer, and the resulting list-mode data were analyzed by systematically varying the coincidence resolving time over a range from 10 ns to 1500 ns. All data were evaluated both with and without correction for random coincidences.</div><div>In all cases, the measurement results exhibited significantly better consistency when the correction for random coincidences was applied. This also holds for background measurements. The improvement was particularly evident at longer coincidence resolving times. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the correction is essential for accurately evaluating uncertainties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new method for the peak analysis of gamma-ray spectra","authors":"T. Petrovič,&nbsp;M. Korun,&nbsp;B. Vodenik,&nbsp;B. Zorko","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new method for calculating the peak areas in high-resolution gamma-ray spectra is presented. This approach minimizes the weighted sum of squares for the differences between consecutive channel counts of the continuous background within the studied spectral region, assuming a linear background dependence on the energy. The results obtained using the new method agree, within the statistical uncertainties of the measured channel content, with those derived from both the “linear weighted Least squares” method and the “Region of interest” method, provided the peaks are on a continuous background, which can be well approximated with a linear dependence on energy. Since the correlation coefficients between the total counts, peak counts, and background counts derived with the new method differ from those obtained using existing methods, the proposed method offers an independent approach to gamma-ray spectral peak analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of a start-timing detector for the A–TOF facility","authors":"K. Pelczar,&nbsp;C. Bonaldi,&nbsp;W. Geerts,&nbsp;S. Pommé","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A-TOF is a novel time-of-flight device under construction for high-resolution spectroscopy of alpha-particle emission energies originating from the natural decay of heavy nuclides. It detects the time difference between pulses generated by the alpha-particle in a fly-through start-timing detector and in a stop-timing detector at several meters distance. This paper discusses the design of the start-timing detector and expands on details of its construction, including the electrostatic mirror, electron detector, and fast signal amplifier. Estimates are made about the anticipated timing resolution. The aim is to improve the energy resolution well below the physical limit of planar ion-implanted silicon detectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112178"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Head-to-head evaluation of DFO and 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) chelators through site-specific conjugation of Anti-STEAP1 antibody V6-19-D11 for 89Zr-immuno-PET imaging","authors":"Syed Qaiser Shah,&nbsp;Saba Shirin","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate-1 (STEAP1) is continuously overexpressed in PCa and represents a promising target for immuno-PET imaging. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo performance of two ⁸⁹Zr-labeled anti-STEAP1 immunoconjugates, ⁸⁹Zr-DFO-V6-19-D11 and ⁸⁹Zr-HOPO-V6-19-D11, in terms of tumor targeting, stability, and biodistribution with Standardized Uptake Values (SUVs) in LNCaP xenograft models. Site-specifically conjugated humanized anti-STEAP1 monoclonal antibody V6-19-D11 with <em>p</em>-SCN-Bn-DFO or 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO)-maleimide and ⁸⁹Zr radiolabeling was assessed for radiochemical purity, serum stability, and immunoreactivity. All of the tracers were administered intravenously to LNCaP tumor-bearing nude mice, and biodistribution was quantitated at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h post-injection by γ-counting and SUV. Both radioconjugates were &gt;98 % radiochemically pure, exhibited strong STEAP1 binding (KD ≈ 2.2 nM), and retained good immunoreactivity (&gt;87 %). The HOPO-conjugate also demonstrated improved in vitro stability in serum (88.6 % intact at 96 h vs. 82.0 % for DFO). Tumor accumulation of ⁸⁹Zr-HOPO-V6-19-D11 was comparable or superior at all-time points (15.3 ± 1.5 %ID/g at 24 h, maximum 17.1 ± 1.2 %ID/g at 48 h and 15.9 ± 1.2 %ID/g at 96 h) with significantly reduced off-target uptake, notably in bone (96 h femur: 1.8 ± 0.3 %ID/g vs. 4.5 ± 0.4 %ID/g for DFO; p &lt; 0.01). Tumor-to-background ratios, notably tumor-to-bone (8.8 vs. 3.4), favored the HOPO-based tracer. The ⁸⁹Zr-HOPO-V6-19-D11 immunoconjugate has better in vivo stability, reduced nonspecific bone uptake, and excellent tumor targeting, making it an outstanding candidate for quantitative immuno-PET imaging of STEAP1-positive prostate cancer. This study is indicative of the translational value of HOPO chelation chemistry for enhancing performance of zirconium-89–based antibody tracers for non-invasive cancer characterization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of scintigraphic imaging with Terbium-161: A visual and quantitative analysis","authors":"Florian Rosar ,&nbsp;Sven Petto ,&nbsp;Sebastian Ganz ,&nbsp;Caroline Burgard ,&nbsp;Stephan Maus ,&nbsp;Mark Bartholomä ,&nbsp;Isabelle Miederer ,&nbsp;Mathias Schreckenberger ,&nbsp;Samer Ezziddin ,&nbsp;Andrea Schaefer-Schuler","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Auger emitter ¹⁶¹Tb is an increasingly discussed radionuclide for targeted radionuclide therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of scintigraphic imaging with ¹⁶¹Tb in terms of image quality and quantitative capabilities by phantom measurements and to evaluate the suitability of this radionuclide for clinical use. Phantom measurements were conducted using a standardized NEMA IEC body phantom filled with activity concentrations ranging from 2.5 GBq to 100 MBq. Both visual and quantitative analyses were performed, including assessment of the image calibration factor (CF), as well as the recovery coefficient (RC) and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the individual spheres. The results observed in this study demonstrate that quantitative SPECT/CT imaging with ¹⁶¹Tb is feasible over a wide range of activity making this radionuclide suitable for clinical applications. Acquiring a total of at least 5 million photopeak counts enables visual detectability of lesions of diameter lower than 20 mm and quantitative calibration for dosimetry purposes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112171"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broad analysis on physical, optical, and radiation attenuation properties of barium borosilicate glasses","authors":"M.I. Sayyed ,&nbsp;K.A. Naseer ,&nbsp;S.A. Bassam ,&nbsp;Mohammed S. Alqahtani","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A borosilicate glasses, (75–x–y) B₂O₃ + 5Na₂O + xPbO + 20SiO₂ + yBaO (where x = y = 15, 20 and 25 mol %), were prepared by the melt-quenching process. The optical properties were investigated using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The mechanical properties indicate the firmness of the prepared multi-former glasses. The direct and indirect transitions’ band gap values were calculated, discussed and reported. The Phy-X software was used to investigate the radiation shielding properties in the 0.122–0.964 MeV energy range, corresponding to Eu-152 emissions. The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) and linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) results show the glass has a high attenuation performance with 25 mol% of PbO and BaO. The results showed that the impact of PbO and BaO on the MAC and LAC is more obvious at 0.122 MeV. The TVL results suggested that an average thickness of 0.3 cm from the prepared glass is required to attenuate 90 % of the incoming radiation with an energy of 0.122 MeV. Among the prepared glasses, the glass with a composition of 25B₂O₃–5Na₂O–25PbO–20SiO₂–25BaO has the best radiation shielding performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a machine-interpretable calibration certificate for radioactivity","authors":"Henrike Fleischhack ,&nbsp;Matthias O. Stein,&nbsp;Stefan Röttger","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Digitalisation of calibration laboratories, research institutes, and manufacturing facilities enables fast, automated flow of data and information, improving productivity while reducing turnaround times and error rates. Digital, machine interpretable calibration certificates are slated to replace or augment existing paper- or pdf-based certificates and will seamlessly integrate into digital workflows without the need for manual transcription of calibration information. National and international harmonisation of digital calibration information is crucial for their utilisation in the calibration community.</div><div>In this contribution, we will present digital, machine-interpretable calibration certificates for measurements of radioactivity and related quantities such as activity concentration and activity ratios. These certificates implement the XML-DCC (Digital Calibration Certificate in eXtensible Markup Language) schema developed at PTB. Descriptions of the calibration items, measurement methods, detected nuclides, and activity measurements are represented in a machine-interpretable way, employing a digital representation of the SI. We will discuss how such calibration certificates may be harmonised nationally and internationally, and show different use cases, from laboratory calibrations to key comparisons. Human-readable representations of these certificates, necessary for quality assurance and legacy processes, are discussed as well.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiometric profile of foods commercialized in a high natural radiation area and cancer risk assessment through computational simulation and experimental data","authors":"Jonathan O. dos Santos ,&nbsp;Leandro B. Silva ,&nbsp;Alexander C.F. da Silva ,&nbsp;Carlos O.P. Orejuela ,&nbsp;Jardel L. Thalhofer ,&nbsp;Ademir X. da Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The municipality of Poços de Caldas, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, is designated as a high background radiation area (HBRA), owing to uranium mining activities that occurred there for thirteen years. This study examines the activity concentrations (AC) of ²²⁶Ra, ²²⁸Ra, ²²⁸Th, and ⁴⁰K in foods sold in Poços de Caldas. The findings enabled the evaluation and characterisation of the potential biological effects of gamma radiation exposure by estimating the committed effective dose (D_eff) and the related cancer risk (C_R). The Voxel Rex phantom, as described in ICRP 110 (2009), was utilized in conjunction with the MCNP 6.3 algorithm to provide a more realistic radiometric assessment of the foods. The radiometric study was performed with a Canberra HPGe detector with a relative efficiency of 30 %. The AC values for ⁴0K, ²²⁶Ra, ²²⁸Ra, and ²²⁸Th were (&lt;15.84 to 791.76 ± 43.14), (&lt;0.32 to 50.42 ± 1.91), (0.47 ± 0.04 to 41.58 ± 0.91), and (&lt;0.29 to 31.95 ± 3.25) Bq kg⁻¹, respectively. No sample had a D_eff value greater than 1 mSv year⁻¹, as stated by NCNE (2024). Nineteen of the thirty-six samples evaluated had C_R values equal to or greater than the levels established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (1999) as indicators of potential public health risks. The results were validated using the Bland-Altman method, which revealed that 100 % of the acquired results were within the confidence interval when compared to the experimental trials done in this study as well as data from other studies in the literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Half-life and gamma-ray emission intensity measurements for 225Ac and progeny","authors":"Leticia Pibida ,&nbsp;Gulakhshan Hamad ,&nbsp;Denis E. Bergeron ,&nbsp;Brittany Broder ,&nbsp;Stephen Adler ,&nbsp;Jeffrey T. Cessna ,&nbsp;Adam J. Pearce ,&nbsp;Jerome LaRosa ,&nbsp;Mark Tyra ,&nbsp;Brian E. Zimmerman","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) performed new activity standardization measurements for ²²⁵Ac. As part of this work, the absolute photon emission intensities for the gamma-rays of ²²⁵Ac and progeny were determined using several high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors. In addition, the half-life for ²²⁵Ac was determined using HPGe detectors, a well-type NaI(Tl) detector and micro-dose calibrator. Several measurement techniques were used to determine the source impurities that affect the half-life determination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145084946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of CR-39 detectors for monitoring indoor radon 222","authors":"S.A. Martinez-Ovalle ,&nbsp;J.S. Vargas-Rojas ,&nbsp;J.A. Diaz-Merchán ,&nbsp;L. Sajo-Bohus","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radon gas (Rn-222) is a carcinogenic agent classified by the WHO as Group 1 and is the leading cause of lung cancer in non-smokers. Due to its natural origin in the Earth's crust, this gas is primarily transported by exhalation through cracks, with concentrations that vary depending on soil morphology and climatic seasons. This article studies the radiological impact of radon gas on health in homes in the city of Tunja, Boyacá. For this purpose, solid-state nuclear track detectors CR-39 (SSNTD) were used, exposed for an approximate period of 60 days. The results showed average concentrations of 218.11 <span><math><mrow><mi>B</mi><mi>q</mi><mo>·</mo><msup><mi>m</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, a value that falls within the reference limits recommended by the ICRP. This study highlights the importance of establishing public policies in developing countries like Colombia, where specific regulations for radon measurement and control do not yet exist. The results obtained can be used to identify risk areas and serve as a basis for implementing prevention measures and protecting public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}