Applied Radiation and Isotopes最新文献

{"title":"Study of radiation damage of 28 MeV protons to the Lassena Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor","authors":"L. Beck ,&nbsp;C. De Sio ,&nbsp;J. Pritchard ,&nbsp;R.P. Hugtenburg ,&nbsp;Y. Li ,&nbsp;T. Price ,&nbsp;T. Purves ,&nbsp;S. Flynn ,&nbsp;J.J. Velthuis","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We are developing an upstream, thin, real-time, X-ray radiotherapy verification device based on a large area Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MAPS), the Lassena. The operational radiation exposure will eventually damage the device and affect its performance. Here we present results where two Lassena sensors were irradiated to doses of up to 50 kGy with 28 MeV protons using the MC40 cyclotron at the University of Birmingham. The radiation mainly led to an increased leakage current, and hence a smaller effective dynamic range and higher noise. Nevertheless, the performance of the sensor remains more than sufficient for excellent clinical operation until 20 kGy without (external) cooling. After irradiation the MLC leaf position resolution remains below 60 <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>m for areas that received less than 10 kGy, rising to <span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>130 <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>m for regions irradiated to between 16 and 20 kGy. As there was no external cooling available during these measurements, regions that received a dose larger than 20 kGy saturated. However, cooling the sensor would ensure it can be operated even after receiving a dose up to 50 kGy. The results show that the sensor can operate well for <span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>2 years of normal clinical operation with cooling and about 1 year without cooling. In proton therapy, the annual expected dose is around 15 kGy. Hence, the sensor also shows excellent performance without cooling in proton beam therapy monitoring for <span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>2 years of clinical operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 111921"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a special parallel-plate ionization chamber in standard mammography beams","authors":"Climério S. Soares ,&nbsp;Linda V.E. Caldas","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this work was to verify the possibility of the application of a special parallel-plate ionization chamber, developed at the Calibration Laboratory (IPEN), for mammography dosimetry. The homemade chamber has a polymethyl methacrylate body, 10 cm of sensitive length, and a sensitive volume of 3.2 cm³. Its entrance window is a foil of Mylar and its collecting electrode is made of graphite. Some quality control and characterization tests were applied to evaluate the ionization chamber: short- and medium-term stabilities, leakage current, saturation, ion collection efficiency, polarity effect, stabilization time, linearity of response, angular dependence, and energy dependence. The tests were carried out using mammography standard radiation beams and a⁹⁰Sr + ⁹⁰Y check source. All the results obtained were within the international recommended limits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 111991"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in occupational radiation dose of health practitioners in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia","authors":"Abdulrahman Aliyu,&nbsp;Luai M. Alhems,&nbsp;Mohammed Abbas","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monitoring the Effective Dose (ED) among occupationally exposed healthcare workers is crucial to keeping exposure within acceptable limits and minimizing radiation-induced health risks. This study investigates the Ionizing Radiation Exposure (IRE) among 1,117 healthcare workers from the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia from 2016 to 2022. Utilizing Thermoluminescent Dosimeters (TLDs) in 26 hospitals conducting diagnostic and interventional radiology, a Harshaw 6600 TLD Reader was used to extract the ED, and the Annual Mean, Standard deviation, and Range (AMSR) were analyzed. The ED of staff was also gleaned for Dental and Cardiac Catheterization departments separately. Results show that the ED across the different departments remain below the recommended annual dose limit of 20 (mSv). The social impact of COVID-19 pandemic, such as reduced patient volume, adoption of telehealth services, and strict safety protocols, contributed to decreased ED, before the easing of lockdown restrictions in June 2021. The overall declining trend of AMSR values over the seven years indicates successful adherence to radiation protection principles notably the As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) principle. This study advocates optimizing radiation safety measures and contributes to the continual enhancement of occupational safety protocols in the healthcare sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 111937"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of radiation doses in pediatric interventional cardiology based on the purpose of the procedures","authors":"Akemi Yagui ,&nbsp;Hugo Schelin ,&nbsp;Rosiane Mello ,&nbsp;Paula Vosiak ,&nbsp;Bruna Vargas ,&nbsp;Valeriy Denyak ,&nbsp;Danielle Filipov ,&nbsp;Sergei Paschuk ,&nbsp;Helen Khoury ,&nbsp;Carlos Ubeda","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pediatric interventional cardiology is widely used for the diagnosis and treatment of congenital or acquired heart conditions with reduced invasiveness. However, the associated radiation exposure raises concern due to children's increased radiosensitivity and longer life expectancy. This study aimed to evaluate and compare radiation doses in pediatric patients undergoing interventional cardiology procedures, categorized as diagnostic (n = 131) or therapeutic (n = 84). Data were obtained from Radiation Dose Structured Reports (RDSRs) and analyzed by age (0–1, 1–5, 5–10, 10–15, &gt;15 years) and weight (&lt;5, 5–15, 15–30, 30–50, 50–80 kg). The median dose-area product (P_KA) for diagnostic procedures ranged from 0.85 Gy cm² (&lt;1 year) to 7.08 Gy cm² (&gt;15 years), and for therapeutic procedures from 1.04 to 15.48 Gy cm² in the same age groups. Similarly, P_KA by weight group ranged from 0.53 to 7.31 Gy cm² (diagnostic) and from 0.55 to 3.25 Gy cm² (therapeutic). Therapeutic procedures consistently showed higher radiation doses than diagnostic ones across all age and weight groups. Statistical analyses confirmed that the differences between diagnostic and therapeutic procedures were significant (p &lt; 0.05) in older and heavier groups. These findings emphasize the need for designed dose optimization strategies considering patient size and procedural purpose to improve radiation protection in pediatric cardiology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 111992"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MIR dosimetry using CR-39 based α spectroscopy","authors":"M. Sreena,&nbsp;E.S. Keerthi,&nbsp;C.V. Midhun,&nbsp;P.V. Arun,&nbsp;M.M. Musthafa","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Medical Internal Radiation (MIR) Dosimetry formalism has been implemented for a liquid source by establishing CR-39 SSNTD based alpha spectroscopy. The alpha tracks were isolated from the raw tracks by establishing track diameter-brightness correlation. The measured spectrum has been reproduced using cylindrical source model and Geant4 simulations. The equilibrium dose has been estimated by convoluting the obtained equilibrium alpha spectrum with corresponding stopping powers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 111967"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning estimations of the production cross sections of 77Br medical radionuclide","authors":"Abdullah Aydin ,&nbsp;R.Gökhan Türeci ,&nbsp;Ismail Hakki Sarpün ,&nbsp;Hasan Özdoğan","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bromine-77 has a half-life of 56 h and decays nearly exclusively (99.3 %) by electron capture, with prominent gamma rays at 239.0 and 520.7 keV. Once considered primarily for SPECT imaging, this nuclide is increasingly being evaluated for its potential in Auger electron therapy. In this study, deep learning algorithms with Python programming language are improved to predict the production cross sections of bromine-77 radionuclide. Experimental cross sections data used in artificial neural network were taken from the EXFOR nuclear reactions database. The deep learning results obtained for the ⁷⁷Se(p,n)⁷⁷Br, ⁷⁸Se(p,2n)⁷⁷Br, ⁸⁰Se(p,4n)⁷⁷Br and ⁷⁵As(α,2n)⁷⁷Br reactions were compared with the calculation results obtained from the TALYS code. It was observed that the results obtained with deep learning obey the experimental values much better.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 112003"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning-based automatic dose optimization for brachytherapy","authors":"Tao Liu ,&nbsp;Shijing Wen ,&nbsp;Siqi Wang ,&nbsp;Ranxi Liang ,&nbsp;Fanrui Zeng ,&nbsp;Qiang Yang ,&nbsp;Xianliang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The purpose of this study is to determine the best dose processing method for deep learning-based dose prediction in brachytherapy (BT), as well as to investigate the feasibility of using the inverse dose optimization algorithm to improve treatment planning quality.</div></div><div><h3>Methods and materials</h3><div>BT data from 186 patients with cervical cancer were retrospectively collected. The data were divided into three sets: training, validation, and test, with a ratio of 150:18:18. The dose data was normalized using square-root transformation normalization, logarithmic normalization, and linear normalization. For dose distribution prediction, a 3D U-Net architecture was used. The predicted results were compared to unprocessed dose data. The four groups of dose predictions were assessed using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), conformity index (CI), and homogeneity index (HI). The group with the best overall performance was chosen, and the dose prediction results were fed into a gradient-based planning optimization (GBPO) algorithm for additional optimization. The target D90 % was normalized to 6 Gy. The D1cc and D2cc of the OARs were compared prior to and following optimization.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The dose prediction method using unprocessed doses produced the best overall performance on the DSC, CI, and HI metrics. The (DSC, CI, HI) values for unprocessed dose, square-root transformation normalized, log normalized, and linear normalized were (0.94, 0.74, 0.49), (0.93, 0.72, 0.50), (0.91, 0.71, 0.45) and (0.90, 0.71, 0.47), respectively. The predicted dose results for the unprocessed dose group were further optimized by the GBPO algorithm. The outcomes demonstrated that the (D1cc, D2cc) values for the bladder, rectum, and sigmoid decreased by (2.11 %, 2.09 %), (2.62 %, 2.14 %) and (3.16 %, 2.98 %), respectively, and were statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05). The small intestine dose increased slightly; the average increase in the D1cc and D2cc doses was 2.08 % and 1.63 %, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>When using deep learning for BT dose prediction in the 3D U-Net model with the cervical cancer BT data used in this study, dose normalization processing is not recommended The predicted dose can be further optimized using inverse dose optimization algorithms to improve the treatment plan's quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 111988"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Project Black: from the Black Forest to the Black Sea, harmonized gamma-ray analysis for dating and tracking radionuclides and pollutants in sediments from the Danube River","authors":"R. Seremet ,&nbsp;I. Andreicovici ,&nbsp;S. Ise ,&nbsp;R. Suvaila","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Industrial pollution impacts air, water, soil and sediment quality by introducing TENORM and emergent pollutant components in the natural cycle. Mainly from the atmosphere, those elements undergo dry or wet deposition, becoming involved in complex sedimentation processes, generating layers contaminated by human activities. Despite the abundance of data from studies conducted in the proximity of the Danube River and its Delta, a uniformized procedure for radionuclide concentration analysis, correlation and interpretation is not yet available. The purpose of this project is to create a reference sediment material database which sources its data both from existing results and new analysis on samples from key spots of the river course. Data from gamma spectrometric analysis and complementary techniques is convoluted with information provided by geological and historical studies of the respective spots in a harmonized framework in terms of methodology and uncertainty budget evaluation. The goal is to develop a system for storing data, mapping and analyzing the dynamics involved, for retrospective studies and prediction making regarding the evolution of radionuclide and pollutant concentrations. A methodology for the consortium under construction is presented, along with the associated interactive map and repository. Enhancing scientific exchanges between Danube River Basin countries for natural and anthropogenic radionuclide mapping will enable tracking spatial and temporal evolution of the plethora of pollutants embedded in sediment strata, which can be dated mainly by the unsupported ²¹⁰Pb fractions. Further potential correlations of those pollutants and their history with changes occurred in the ecosystems are straightforward and of enormous impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 111997"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144472071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining deep learning algorithm and a-star algorithm to increase the accuracy of tracking lost gamma source","authors":"Truong Hoang Linh ,&nbsp;Nguyen Huynh Duy Khang ,&nbsp;Huynh Dinh Chuong ,&nbsp;Hoang Duc Tam","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes an automatic search algorithm, A-star CNN-RNN or ACR, which is a hybrid of two deep learning algorithms: recurrent neural network (RNN) and convolutional neural network (CNN) combined with the A-star algorithm to locate and route lost gamma sources. The radiation dose rate of 5 consecutive steps 50 cm apart in 81 meshes simulated by the Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) code was used as the input for deep learning models to predict the location of the lost gamma source, and performance of ACR was evaluated based on the average number of steps and failure rates of prediction in a room with different obstacles. In a room without obstacles, the average tracking steps of the ACR algorithm were approximately twice as low as that of the gradient search algorithm (GS). In a room with a single wall as an obstacle, the search accuracy of the GS algorithm decreases as the length of wall increases (failure rate of 44 % with an 8-m-long wall), while it was improved significantly in the ACR algorithm with failure rates smaller than 5 %. In the rooms with two parallel walls and an L-shaped wall as obstacles, the ACR algorithm still maintained its prediction accuracy of over 94 % without needing to re-training the deep learning models, and demonstrated its adaptability which can be a useful search algorithm in detecting a lost gamma source.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 112001"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of β-radiation dose rate on induced cytogenetic endpoints in Allium cepa cells","authors":"Erison Fonseca dos Santos ,&nbsp;Magno Nogueira Xavier ,&nbsp;July Anne Torres Novaes ,&nbsp;Vinicius Souza Gomes ,&nbsp;Brenda Kelly Bispo Viana ,&nbsp;Iasmim Fonseca Santos ,&nbsp;Francesco d’Errico ,&nbsp;Susana Oliveira de Souza","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ionizing radiation induces DNA damage, often resulting in mutations or cell death. The micronucleus (MN) assay in <em>Allium cepa</em> has become a gold standard for evaluating radiation-induced genomic damage. This study investigates the effects of beta radiation on <em>Allium cepa</em> root meristem cells by analyzing MN formation and the mitotic index (MI) at varying absorbed doses (0.72 Gy, 2 Gy, and 4 Gy) and dose rates (<span><math><mrow><msub><mover><mi>D</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> = 7.2 mGy/s, <span><math><mrow><msub><mover><mi>D</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> = 13.8 mGy/s, and <span><math><mrow><msub><mover><mi>D</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> = 19.5 mGy/s) using a homemade irradiator (Samara) with calibrated ⁹⁰Sr+⁹⁰Y sources. A control group was included for comparison. After irradiation, roots were fixed in Carnoy's solution, stained with acetic orcein, and analyzed under a microscope. MN frequency was determined by scoring 1000 interphase cells per root, and MI was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Tukey's test (p &lt; 0.05). At the lowest dose rate (<span><math><mrow><msub><mover><mi>D</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>), MN frequency increased in a dose-dependent manner, predominantly with cells containing a single MN. A similar trend was observed at the highest dose rate (<span><math><mrow><msub><mover><mi>D</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>), with cells maintaining mitotic activity despite radiation-induced damage. At the intermediate dose rate (<span><math><mrow><msub><mover><mi>D</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>), MN frequency decreased at higher doses, likely due to increased cell death. The study underscores the importance of considering both dose rate and MI in radiation dosimetry using <em>Allium cepa</em>, as higher doses at certain dose rates may lead to increased cell death, potentially underestimating radiation-induced damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 111985"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}