Applied Radiation and Isotopes最新文献

{"title":"Low dose hyper-radiosensitivity as an intervention strategy to enhance 177Lu-iPSMA treatment in LNCaP cells","authors":"Consuelo Letechipia-de León ,&nbsp;Erika Patricia Azorín-Vega ,&nbsp;Valeria Areli Cabral-Venegas ,&nbsp;David Ordaz-Rosado ,&nbsp;Fabiola Herrera-García","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low dose induced hyper-radiosensitivity refers to the acquired sensitivity to ionizing radiation due to the exposure to radiation doses &lt;1Gy. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether induction of the hyper-radiosensitivity phenomenon in prostate cancer cells could improve the outcome of ¹⁷⁷Lu-iPSMA therapy. Reduction in viability, loss of clonal expansion capacity and decrease of LNCaP prostate cancer cells survival by the promotion of cell apoptosis, is enhanced by gamma irradiation at doses of less than 1 Gy (⁶⁰Co Gammacell 220 system, 0.24 Gy/min) prior to administration of the targeted radiopharmaceutical. Analysis of survival curves, showed that 0.50 Gy is the predose that improved the TRT therapeutic effect. Pre-irradiation significantly reduced the LNCaP α⁄β ratio from 4.65 to 1.38 in LNCaP cells that received a¹⁷⁷Lu-iPSMA absorbed radiation dose to the nucleus between 2 and 10 Gy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 112360"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of ZnO on the dielectric, optical and γ-ray shielding characteristics of TeO2–Bi2O3– B2O3 glasses","authors":"Sami Ullah ,&nbsp;Anwar Manzoor Rana ,&nbsp;Kainat Sindhu ,&nbsp;Javed Ahmad ,&nbsp;Maryam Hina ,&nbsp;M.I. Sayyed","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The zinc-tellurium-bismuth-borate glass system has been synthesized, and its physical, optical, dielectric, and radiation attenuation properties have been investigated. Experimental outcomes reveal that density and bandgap energy express an increasing trend with increasing ZnO content in these glasses. DC conductivity discloses space-charge-limited conduction behavior, which changes to Ohmic conduction with increasing ZnO concentration. AC conductivity also depicts changing behavior from ionic to hopping conduction of charge carriers with rising ZnO content in these glasses. The MAC values demonstrate a rising trend from 46.38 cm²/g to 56.73 cm²/g, while HVL and mean free path reveal a reduction from 3.477 cm to 2.885 cm and from 5.016 cm to 4.162 cm, respectively, as the ZnO content in these glasses increases. The BZBT6 glass exhibits radiation shielding characteristics comparable to those of commercially available lead-containing glass (RS-520) and appears to be suitable as a gamma-radiation shield at intermediate energies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 112355"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145720764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation shielding, mechanical and structural properties of TiO2-Doped photopolymer composites fabricated via DLP 3D printing","authors":"Yusuf Kavun ,&nbsp;Nuran Çelikçi ,&nbsp;Süleyman Kerli","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the structural, physical, and radiation shielding properties of TiO₂-doped photopolymer composites fabricated via Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D printing. Leveraging the high resolution and design flexibility of DLP, TiO₂, a high-Z and non-toxic ceramic, was incorporated into a polyurethane acrylate resin at concentrations of 0 %, 0.020 %, 0.062 %, and 0.180 %. The composites were characterized by SEM, FTIR, XRD, TG-DTG, mechanical testing, contact angle and chemical resistance analyses. Results showed that TiO₂ enhanced compressive strength at higher concentrations, though tensile ductility decreased due to the rigidifying effect of the additive. Contact angle studies confirmed superhydrophobic behavior (contact angles &gt;170°) for all composites, with the highest hydrophobicity at the maximum TiO₂ content. Furthermore, chemical resistance evaluations revealed excellent stability against acidic, basic, and aromatic medium. Gamma shielding performance was systematically assessed using NaI(Tl) detectors and multiple gamma sources. As a result of the measurements, Linear Attenuation Coefficient (LAC), which is the amount of absorption per unit thickness, Mass Attenuation Coefficient (MAC), Half and Tenth Value Layers (HVL)(TVL), and Mean Free Path (MFP) parameters were calculated. According to the MAC results, the MAC value increased to 0.0605 cm²/g for the pure resin at 81 keV gamma energy and to 0.0748 cm²/g when the TiO₂ content was increased by 0.180 %. As can be seen from these results, the increase in TiO₂ positively impacted radiation shielding properties. Overall, this study demonstrates the applicability of DLP 3D printing to design advanced polymer-based composites with structural, surface, and shielding properties specifically designed for next-generation protective systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 112368"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of high-density TeO2- and Sm2O3-modified ZnO-BaO-B2O3 glasses: Promising lead-free materials for nuclear radiation shielding application","authors":"Manjunatha ,&nbsp;H.K. Savanur ,&nbsp;A.S. Bennal ,&nbsp;M.I. Sayyed","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The replacement of lead (Pb) in radiation shielding materials is a critical priority for advancing safe medical diagnostics and environmental protection. However, viable alternatives that match Pb's attenuation performance remain limited. In this study, we present a new class of lead-free, high-density glasses: (30-x-y) B₂O₃-9ZnO-31BaO-(30+x) TeO₂-ySm₂O₃, where x = 0, 2, 4, 6 mol% and y = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 mol%. These glasses were synthesised via the melt-quenching method. The shielding capabilities of the synthesised glasses were systematically investigated through experimental and Phy-X/PSD theoretical analysis. The experimental arrangement employed a narrow-beam transmission geometry with a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector and radioactive sources including ¹³³Ba, ²²Na, ¹³⁷Cs, and ⁶⁰Co. Gamma-ray attenuation capabilities were evaluated using linear and mass attenuation coefficients (LAC and MAC), half- and tenth value layers (HVL and TVL), mean free path (MFP), and effective atomic number (Z_eff). The results showed that the combined inclusion of TeO₂ and Sm₂O₃ led to a measurable increase in density and gamma attenuation properties across all gamma energies, with strong agreement between experimental and theoretical results, showing a maximum deviation of 8.37 %. The Z_eff ranged from 22.2 at 356 keV to 18.014 at 1332 keV for TeSm-0.5, showing the expected energy-dependent variation due to dominant gamma interaction processes. The HVL and TVL increased with energy but decreased with increasing TeO₂ and Sm₂O₃ contents, with TeSm-1.5 showing the lowest HVL (1.575 cm at 511 keV) and TVL (6.311 cm at 662 keV). These results demonstrate that prepared lead-free glasses achieve substantial shielding efficiency, with potential applications in transparent protective barriers and healthcare infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 112367"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose coefficients to the fetus and offspring from intakes of radionuclides by the mother","authors":"Vladimir Spielmann,&nbsp;Augusto Giussani","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112387","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 112387"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145861625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New macroporous support for the preparation of plastic scintillation resins","authors":"N. Gutiérrez ,&nbsp;A. Coma ,&nbsp;A. Tarancón ,&nbsp;H. Bagán","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>PSresins have arisen in the past years as a promising material for the measurement of radioactivity. PSresins are a material composed of a PSm support coated with a selective extractant on its surface, allowing the separation and measurement. However, for some applications, a capacity problem could be presented due to the flat surface of the PSm support. For this reason, the objective of this study has been to prepare a macroporous PSm support that allows the preparation of a PSresin for ⁹⁹Tc with higher capacity than the current existing PSresin. To achieve this, two porogens, dodecane and heptane, were studied. Both produce pores on the surface with similar diameter, but heptane has the best radiometric characteristics. Several proportions of heptane were studied, observing that an increase in the porogen content increased the surface area and PSm diameter, but with a low effect on the radiometric characteristics. Finally, PSresin for ⁹⁹Tc were prepared with these supports. The more porous supports could accept a higher quantity of extractant, thereby increasing the capacity of the PSresin, without significant effect on the radiometric characteristics or the sample volume at which the extractant starts leaching.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 112370"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of body-mass-index (BMI) on effective dose of whole-body [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT examinations","authors":"Bashiru Lukuman ,&nbsp;Husain Murat ,&nbsp;Mohamad Aminuddin Said ,&nbsp;Yazid Yaakob ,&nbsp;Mohamad Johari Ibahim ,&nbsp;Dahlang Tahir ,&nbsp;Muhammad Khalis Abdul Karim","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the influence of body-mass index (BMI) on radiation dosimetry in PET/CT procedures, focusing on radiation dose variations across BMI categories. Data were collected from 1000 patients at Institut Kanser Negara, Malaysia, comprising 516 females (51.6 %) and 484 males (48.4 %) who underwent whole body ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT procedures from July 2023 to December 2023. Parameters such as administered dose, CTDI_vol, DLP, and effective dose were analysed. The findings indicate that CTDI_vol and DLP values increase with BMI, imposing higher radiation doses for larger patients to maintain diagnostic image quality. Administered doses showed minimal variability across different BMI categories and genders, reflecting standardized radiotracer administration protocols. Male patients generally received higher radiation doses than female patients due to differences in body composition and size. Effective dose (E_CT) from CT scans was significantly higher in patients with higher BMI, ranging from 7.1 ± 2.4 mSv for underweight to 19.3 ± 4.7 mSv for obese patients. Effective dose (E_PET) from PET scans remained relatively consistent across BMI categories, ranging from 0.2 ± 0.07 mSv for underweight to 0.2 ± 0.07 mSv for obese patients, highlighting the need for personalized dosing techniques. All pairwise differences were statistically significant at p &gt; 0.001. This study underscores the necessity for personalized dosimetry protocols that account for BMI variations to optimize imaging quality while minimizing radiation exposure. The study recommends developing and implementing such protocols and establishing guidelines for radiopharmaceutical dosage adjustments based on BMI categories to ensure standardized and safe practices across clinical settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 112349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical investigation of alternative 177Lu production methods using proton accelerator: A Monte Carlo study","authors":"Fabian Yoga Prastha ,&nbsp;Ahsani Mufidah ,&nbsp;Anastasya Jessning Gamalita Mberato ,&nbsp;Zaki Su'ud ,&nbsp;Imam Kambali","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a theoretical assessment of ¹⁷⁷Lu production using proton accelerator–driven neutron generators with light- and medium-mass target materials. Both the direct route, via neutron activation of ¹⁷⁶Lu, and the indirect route, via activation of ¹⁷⁶Yb, were evaluated for proton energies up to 18 MeV. Monte Carlo simulations with PHITS coupled to DCHAIN were used to model neutron yields, energy spectra, and activation efficiencies for neutron generators composed of H₂¹⁸O, ^natBe, ^natLi, ^natCr, and ^natTi. Results identify ^natBe as the most efficient neutron generator, delivering the highest ¹⁷⁷Lu activities in both production routes. H₂¹⁸O provides superior radionuclidic purity in the direct route due to its moderated neutron spectrum, while ^natTi achieves the highest n.c.a. ¹⁷⁷Lu activity in the indirect route. ^natTi and ^natCr offer intermediate yields with fewer handling hazards. Clinical implementation scenarios indicate that ¹⁷⁷Lu production via the direct route is feasible using ^natBe at 18 MeV for maximum yield (≥500 μA, ≤7 days per patient dose) or H₂¹⁸O at 15 MeV for optimized purity (≥1 mA, ≤10 days per patient dose). While these findings demonstrate the potential of compact, accelerator-driven neutron generator systems as scalable and decentralized alternatives to reactor-based ¹⁷⁷Lu production, further research is required to validate scalability, target thermal management, and economic viability for high-volume clinical deployment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 112438"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gamma radiation cured polyester resin for restoration of cultural heritage wood","authors":"Maria Aparecida M.G. Pereira,&nbsp;Maria José Alves. Oliveira,&nbsp;Larissa Otubo,&nbsp;Leni M.P.R. Lima,&nbsp;Pablo Antonio Salvador Vasquez","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the process of restoring and conserving cultural heritage artifacts and documents, a wide range of coatings based on resins and adhesives are used, including natural products and various types of synthetic polymers. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of polyester-based resins with polymeric monomers cured by gamma radiation without a catalyst. These resins are typically used to impregnate wooden artifacts that have been compromised by insect damage and cannot be consolidated using other methods. Gamma radiation has been effectively used to treat cultural heritage objects, such as rare books, sacred or museum images, and canvas paintings. It is used for insect control, disinfection of harmful microorganisms, such as fungi and bacteria, and for creating new materials for restoration. For this study, formulations of polyester resin, methyl methacrylate monomer (MMA), and styrene (SM) were prepared with different concentrations and combinations. In the absence of catalysts, these formulations were exposed to gamma radiation at a dose of 50 kGy and a rate of 1 kGy/h. After curing, they were analyzed using gel fraction, thermogravimetry (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Optical microscopy (MO). The results show that polyester-based resins were successfully cured by gamma radiation without catalysts or chemicals. This process provides a form of long-lasting protection against fungi, bacteria, and insects, as well as protection against moisture exchange with the environment. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in the conservation and preservation of wooden artworks, being capable of providing support, stability, and quality to the object.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 112404"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145833073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of the 107Pd half-life","authors":"Marina Faure ,&nbsp;Majd Shmeit ,&nbsp;Karsten Kossert ,&nbsp;Hélène Isnard ,&nbsp;Céline Gautier","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Precise measurements of atomic concentration and activity were performed in the same sample to determine the half-life of ¹⁰⁷Pd. A pure ¹⁰⁷Pd-containing solution was obtained after the dissolution and chemical purification of concretions formed in the equipment of a reprocessing plant. The concentration of ¹⁰⁷Pd in the solution was measured by Multi-Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS), associated with the isotope dilution technique. The activity of the solution was determined by Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC) using both, the Triple to Double Coincidence Ratio (TDCR) and CIEMAT/NIST methods. These combined measurements resulted in a half-life of <em>T</em>_1/2 = (5.94 ± 0.07) × 10⁶ years with a coverage factor <em>k</em> of 1. The precision of the present measurement was improved by a factor of 2.5 in comparison to previous data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 112382"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145817436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}