Applied Radiation and Isotopes最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of L-shell fluorescence emission in 42 ≤ Z ≤ 83 elements using reflection geometry and low energetic Au L X-rays","authors":"S.P. Manoj,&nbsp;K. Sripathi Punchithaya,&nbsp;Ismayil","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on L-shell X-ray fluorescence analysis of elements with 42≤Z ≤ 83. The fluorescence L-X-rays were measured using Si-PIN detector in reflection geometry with low energetic Au L-X-ray incidence. Fluorescence cross sections and yields were estimated from the measured data. The findings help in improving quantitative XRF analysis techniques and refining theoretical models of L-shell fluorescence production. Intensity ratio of each emitted X-ray line with respect to L_α is calculated and theoretically estimated. The results were compared with the theoretical and experimental data in the available literature. The observed deviations underscore the complexity of electronic transitions in this energy range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 112539"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147376039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrical impedance evaluation of gamma rays response for preservation of vegetables and fruits","authors":"A.F. Maged,&nbsp;N.L. Moussa","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electrical impedance (<em>EI</em>) characterization of vegetables and fruits extracts from fresh plants is essential for development, evaluation, understanding and predicting their interaction with different application. The results suggest that all extracted plants have equivalent electrical circuit consists of capacitor and resistor in parallel. The methanol and vegetables-fruits extracts found have approximately semiconductor behavior. The parallel capacitance, <em>C</em>_<em>p</em> decreased ∼53%, while dissipation factor, <em>DF</em> increased ∼64% via gamma medium dose range up to 10 kGy. As well as, the relative dielectric, <em>ε</em>_<em>r</em> decreased ∼53% for red onion peel. <em>EI</em> of plants at medium dose range of gamma irradiation has roughly tangible changes. The <em>EI</em> technique for food sterilization represents a novel way added to other methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 112489"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147363783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional carrier based on biocompatible artificial anionic polysaccharide, cross-linked with 90Y(III) ions and with a built-in antitumor agent","authors":"M.A. Orlova,&nbsp;V.V. Spiridonov,&nbsp;A.V. Gopin,&nbsp;T.P. Trofimova,&nbsp;M.Z. Bezhanidze,&nbsp;A.A. Yaroslavov,&nbsp;S.N. Kalmykov","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For ⁹⁰Y obtained on a⁹⁰Sr/⁹⁰Y generator, a microgel based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is proposed as a multifunctional carrier platform for the radionuclide and the antitumor agent. Both binary (CMC-⁹⁰Y[Y] and CMC-⁹⁰Y) and ternary (⁹⁰Y[Y]-CMC-NO-synthase effector) microgels with different yttrium contents were synthesized and characterized. Both direct synthesis and isotope exchange used for the introduction of the radionuclide. In both cases, the degree of introduction was maximal. It was found that the size of the microgels and their cytotoxicity depend on the yttrium content, especially in the case of ternary (i.e. containing an organic component) microgels. This dependence is a result of changes in the structure of the formed particles and is confirmed by the data obtained by light scattering (D_<em>h</em>) and electrophoretic mobility (EPM) methods. The composition of the ternary microgels confirmed by IR spectroscopy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 112526"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147368748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of SIRTI at National Institute of Metrology (NIM), China","authors":"Aoran Liu ,&nbsp;Zhijie Yang ,&nbsp;Yifan Tian ,&nbsp;Leyi Chang ,&nbsp;Qianqian Zhou ,&nbsp;Juncheng Liang ,&nbsp;Haoran Liu ,&nbsp;Zihao Fan ,&nbsp;Hao Yang ,&nbsp;Fuyou Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To strengthen the Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA) for short-lived radionuclides, a SIRTI for the Asia-Pacific Metrology Programme (APMP) region has been developed at the NIM, China. A dual-threshold comparator coupled with an FPGA-based counter was developed to replace the MTR2 module and the ORTEC 994 scaler used in the BIPM SIRTI. A 100 MHz clock serves as a frequency standard, enabling simultaneous counting and dead time measurement. A^93mNb/⁹⁴Nb reference source was prepared with high-purity radioactive solution and housed in a plexiglass holder. The 16.6 keV X-ray peak of ^93mNb is used to set the lower threshold and to evaluate its stability, whereas the count rate of ⁹⁴Nb above the threshold serves as a metric for the system's stability and reproducibility. Measurements performed over two months showed that the maximum drift of the threshold position remained within ±2 channels and the relative standard deviation of the ⁹⁴Nb count rate was 2.7 × 10⁻⁴. The medical radionuclides ^99mTc, ¹⁸F, and ⁶⁸Ga were measured for duration exceeding seven half-lives. Following rigorous dead time and background corrections, the measured count rate exhibited excellent agreement with the theoretically predicted values after decay correction. For the corrected count-rate interval of 2000 - 20,000 s⁻¹, the maximum non-linearity of the system was determined to be 3.6 × 10⁻⁶.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 112490"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147368779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activity determination of 68Ga by an extended TDCR-Čerenkov method","authors":"Zihao Fan ,&nbsp;Zhijie Yang ,&nbsp;Haoran Liu ,&nbsp;Juncheng Liang ,&nbsp;Changhao Sun ,&nbsp;Yifan Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>⁶⁸Ga is a crucial radionuclide for positron emission tomography (PET). It decays by β⁺ transition and electron capture to the ground state and several excited levels of ⁶⁸Zn. The energy of emitted positrons is high enough to enable activity measurement via Čerenkov radiation detection in aqueous solution. Furthermore, the Čerenkov threshold effect inherently excludes the contribution of electron-capture transitions in ⁶⁸Ga during the measurement. In this work, the current TDCR-Čerenkov analytical model was extended for the efficiency computation based on the decay scheme of ⁶⁸Ga. Then the results derived from TDCR-Čerenkov method were compared to those from the well-established 4πβ(Č)-γ method. A discrepancy of 0.21% was found, indicating good agreement within the uncertainty range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 112544"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147376005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel physics-informed AI framework for the assessment and prediction of indoor radon concentration and risk classification","authors":"Mutlu Zeybek","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Indoor radon gas is a leading environmental cause of lung cancer, yet accurate risk assessment remains challenging due to the practical difficulties of direct measurement. This study introduces a novel Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) framework that integrates physical laws of radon transport with machine learning to predict indoor radon concentrations (Qt). Our Geologically-Informed Radon Assessment (GIRA) model incorporates radon contributions from geological foundations (Qg), faults (Qf), and building materials (Qb), while accounting for building porosity. When validated against a dataset of 957 structures in Western Türkiye, the PINN model significantly outperformed conventional machine learning approaches, achieving a Mean Absolute Error of 52 Bq/m³ and R² of 0.96. The framework successfully identified 15.3% of structures as high-risk (&gt;300 Bq/m³), demonstrating its capability for automated radon risk classification. This physics-informed approach provides a robust, interpretable, and cost-effective tool for proactive public health planning and targeted radon mitigation strategies, establishing a new paradigm in environmental hazard assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 112533"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147353542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On-demand neutron field customization via multiple neutron source assemblies","authors":"T.H. Zhang ,&nbsp;M. Zhang ,&nbsp;X. Cao ,&nbsp;Y.L. Ge ,&nbsp;W. Ma ,&nbsp;L.P. Zou ,&nbsp;Z. Yang ,&nbsp;L. Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional neutron irradiation fields face inherent challenges in dynamically adjusting both spectral characteristics and spatial flux distributions. This study proposes a multi-port neutron source system based on compact high-intensity D-D neutron generators, achieving highly customizable neutron energy spectra and precise flux distribution control through coordinated regulation of epithermal (0.5 eV-10 keV) and fast neutron (&gt;10 keV) ports. Geant4 simulations demonstrate that independent neutron moderator assembly (NMA) design and neutron yield adjustment at each port enable continuous spectral distributions from epithermal to fast neutron ranges, overcoming the fixed-spectrum limitation of conventional neutron sources. While six-port configurations significantly improve irradiation uniformity in large-volume samples, symmetric multi-port arrangements alter hybrid spectral characteristics through NMA synergy effects, increasing fast neutron components - a spectral gradient variation that presents both dose calculation challenges and new opportunities for homogeneous material irradiation applications. The system's unique advantages in neutron activation analysis and dynamic neutron imaging stem from D-D source yield controllability, distributed modular design, and port-specific spectral shaping capability. Building upon current developments in compact D-D neutron sources, this work provides an innovative technological platform for precision neutron science research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 112542"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility study of fast nuclide identification for beta-emitting sources using learning-based models","authors":"Min Ji Kim ,&nbsp;Hee Reyoung Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the feasibility of rapidly identifying beta-emitting radionuclides based on the beta spectrum data measured in air using learning-based models. Although beta particles are easily shielded, rapidly identifying beta-emitting nuclides is critical for ensuring radiological safety in radiological emergencies or during work at nuclear facilities. For example, rapid beta-emitter identification is needed during post-accident environmental surveys (e.g., radiostrontium monitoring after Fukushima) and for immediate decision-making following airborne contamination alarms from continuous air monitors in nuclear facilities. However, nuclide identification requires chemical preprocessing, high-precision detectors, or sophisticated analysis equipment because of the continuous form of the beta spectra. To address this limitation, an artificial intelligence -based approach is proposed for fast beta nuclide identification. An experimental system is setup using beta-disk sources along with an appropriate detection system and associated electronics. Two learning-based models, support vector machine (SVM) and time-series classification with transformer (TSCT), are employed to classify 15 combinations derived from ⁶⁰Co, ⁹⁰Sr/⁹⁰Y, ¹³⁷Cs, and ¹⁵²Eu. The SVM and TSCT models achieved classification accuracies of 100 and 98.0%, respectively. Once trained, both models under controlled laboratory conditions with fixed geometry and stable electronics could identify nuclide combinations within a few seconds, confirming that the proposed method significantly enhances the speed of beta nuclide identification. It is thought the present study would provide a basis to apply to the real environment with additional validation under more variable field conditions, contributing to more effective radiation protection strategies in field scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 112532"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147353583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy-dependent gamma attenuation analysis of BiBZnP glass-ceramics using theoretical and computational approaches","authors":"Reyhan Ozaydin Ozkara","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the radiation shielding performance of xBi<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>O<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>-(0.40-x)B<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>O<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>-0.15ZnO-0.45P<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>O<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>5</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> borophosphate glass-ceramics (BiBZnP1–BiBZnP4; <span><math><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>10</mn><mtext>–</mtext><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>25</mn></mrow></math></span>) was systematically investigated for photon energies ranging from 0.015 to 15 MeV. Theoretical mass attenuation coefficients (MAC), linear attenuation coefficients (LAC), half-value layer (HVL), tenth-value layer (TVL), mean free path (MFP), and effective atomic numbers (Z<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>eff</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) were calculated using Phy-X/PSD software, with MAC values cross-validated via the XCOM database to ensure accuracy and reliability.</div><div>At low energies (0.015–0.06 MeV), MAC and LAC values were highest, reflecting the dominance of the photoelectric effect and the significant contribution of Bi<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>O<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> content. A pronounced increase in MAC was observed near 0.0905 MeV, corresponding to the Bi K-edge absorption, followed by a gradual transition to Compton scattering as the primary interaction mechanism above 0.1 MeV.</div><div>In the medium-energy range (0.1–1 MeV), Compton scattering governed photon interactions, leading to predictable reductions in MAC and increases in HVL, TVL, and MFP. At higher energies (1–15 MeV), photon attenuation stabilized, with pair production effects emerging but Bi-rich compositions maintaining superior shielding performance.</div><div>Notably, BiBZnP4, with the highest Bi<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>O<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> content, consistently exhibited the lowest HVL (0.183–4.823 cm), TVL (0.012–16.022 cm), and MFP (0.005–6.958 cm) values, alongside the highest Z<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>eff</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> across all energies, demonstrating enhanced photon attenuation. These results underscore the critical role of heavy metal oxide content in modulating gamma-ray interactions across a broad energy spectrum. This study demonstrates that Bi-rich BiBZnP glass-ceramics exhibit high theoretical shielding performance, and the results obtained constitute indicative findings that may form a basis for future experimental verification and independent simulation studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 112540"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147376054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of radon-free thoron sources based on 228Th separated from industrial thorium nitrate","authors":"Chunyu He ,&nbsp;Lingzhi Cui ,&nbsp;Kang Peng ,&nbsp;Jinmin Yang ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang ,&nbsp;Qiuju Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To improve the metrological traceability of thoron activity concentration, we separated ²²⁸Th from industrial thorium nitrate and produced flow-through radon-free thoron sources using two different methods. Four flow-through sources with different activities ranging from 120 Bq to 1200 Bq were prepared, and the activity, thoron emanation coefficient and stability were evaluated. Results show that loading the ²²⁸Th solution onto a TEVA resin column gave significantly higher ²²⁸Th recovery rates and better stability than immersing TEVA resin directly into the solution. The thoron emanation coefficient increases as absolute humidity increases, which can be used to realize different thoron concentration environments. The average emanation coefficient for the four different thoron sources was 96.37% ± 2.38% at absolute humidity above 20 g/m³.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 112557"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}