Applied Radiation and Isotopes最新文献

{"title":"Determination of neutron and gamma ray shielding properties, secondary radiation formations and neutron damage of composites containing polyester/pyrite/titanium diboride","authors":"M.F. Turhan ,&nbsp;M.R. Kaçal ,&nbsp;H. Özdoğan ,&nbsp;A. Turşucu ,&nbsp;F. Akman ,&nbsp;H. Oğul ,&nbsp;H. Polat ,&nbsp;S. Yurtcan","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Composite materials comprising titanium diboride (TiB₂), unsaturated polyester resin, and pyrite (FeS₂) at varying weight percentages were fabricated and evaluated for their interaction with neutron and gamma radiation. This study adopts a comprehensive methodology, combining theoretical calculations, experimental measurements, and Monte Carlo simulations using PHITS and MCNP6. A strong correlation was observed among experimental results, WinXCOM data, and simulation outputs, with discrepancies remaining within approximately 5 %. To assess neutron shielding performance, fast neutron removal cross sections and partial neutron transmission rates were determined for both fast and thermal neutron energies, as well as across varying sample thicknesses. Additionally, secondary radiation effects were analyzed by quantifying the number and average energy of secondary neutrons and gamma photons generated from interactions with thermal and fast neutrons. Radiation damage parameters, including Total Ionizing Dose (TID) and Displacement Per Atom (DPA), were also evaluated. Gamma-ray shielding performance was assessed through experimental measurements, theoretical models, and Monte Carlo simulations, focusing on key parameters such as mass attenuation coefficients, kerma relative to air and concrete, and buildup factors. Among the composites, the sample labeled FeSTiB-50 demonstrated superior fast neutron attenuation capability—outperforming conventional concrete and approaching the shielding efficiency of paraffin—while all composites exhibited excellent attenuation of thermal neutrons. Furthermore, the FeSTiB-50 composite generated secondary radiation with lower average energy compared to other samples. However, the gamma-ray shielding performance was found to decrease with increasing TiB₂ content, indicating a trade-off between neutron and gamma shielding effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 112027"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and optical features of new Gd2O3-doped zinc boro-tellurite glass systems and computation of radiation shielding attenuation parameters","authors":"Aliyu Sani ,&nbsp;Mohd Hafiz Mohd Zaid ,&nbsp;Khamirul Amin Matori ,&nbsp;Muhammad Khalis Abdul Karim ,&nbsp;Loh Zhi Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates gadolinium oxide (Gd₂O₃)-doped zinc boro-tellurite (ZBT) glass for photonic and radiation protection applications, revealing that increasing Gd₂O₃ concentration enhances density from 4.08 to 4.32 g/cm³ and structural integrity while maintaining amorphous nature. FTIR spectroscopy identified key structural units of (BO₃, BO₄, TeO₃, TeO₄, Zn–O), and optical analysis demonstrated high visible transmittance greater than 80 % and increased refractive index (1.94–2.07), indicating optoelectronic potential. Photoluminescence showed blue-green emissions with peak intensity at 1.5 mol% of Gd₂O₃, suggesting solid-state lighting suitability. Phy-X/PSD revealed energy-dependent radiation shielding with mass attenuation coefficients ranging from 37.977 to 40.469 cm²/g at 0.015 MeV, while the effective atomic number peaked at 48.48 within 0.04–0.06 MeV, indicating dominant photoelectric absorption. The half-value layer and mean free path increased from 0.004 to 0.153 cm and 0.006–0.221 cm at lower energies, reaching 5.446 cm at 8 MeV and 7.858 cm at 8 MeV, reflecting transitions from photoelectric to Compton scattering and pair production, and confirming superior low-energy attenuation. These results establish Gd₂O₃-doped ZBT glass as a promising multifunctional material with high density, structural robustness, and enhanced optical performance for advanced radiation shielding and photonic technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 112019"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel non-destructive assay methodology for the disposal of the LHC beam dumping system at CERN","authors":"Nabil Menaa,&nbsp;Patrycja Dyrcz,&nbsp;Ana-Paula Bernardes,&nbsp;Marco Calviani,&nbsp;Gerald Dumont,&nbsp;Angelo Infantino,&nbsp;Matteo Magistris,&nbsp;Chris Theis","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the Long Shut-down (LS2), the beam stopper of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) was replaced. It was decided to eliminate the extracted two LHC beam dumps, also known as Target Dump for Ejected Beam External (TDE), as radioactive waste. The radiological characterization of the dumps is a vital and a necessary step for the proper classification and subsequent acceptance by the radioactive waste repository. The acceptance criteria require accurate declaration of the activity values of the Easy-to-Measure (ETM) radionuclides. This paper provides an overview of the challenges related to the high contact dose rates (reaching 2 mSv/h) and the heterogeneous distribution of the ETM radionuclides. This work proposes a novel quantification methodology that addresses those challenges. The developed methodologies followed can serve as a guide for addressing similar challenges in other accelerator and nuclear facilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 112004"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of uranium contamination in groundwater of Mansa district, Punjab (India) and its remediation using SnO2","authors":"Nisharika Arya ,&nbsp;B.S. Bajwa ,&nbsp;Kazumasa Inoue ,&nbsp;Abhishek Joshi ,&nbsp;Sarata Kumar Sahoo ,&nbsp;Thennaarassan Natarajan ,&nbsp;Lovepreet Singh ,&nbsp;Surinder Singh ,&nbsp;Nitin Tandon ,&nbsp;Satvir Singh ,&nbsp;Rakesh Chand Ramola","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high prevalence of uranium in water has the potential to cause significant radio and chemotoxicity, which could lead to serious health issues affecting the kidneys, brain, liver, heart and other organs. Consequently, the consistent assessment of U levels in water sources and the development of effective remediation techniques for its extraction have garnered significant global interest. The present work was conducted to evaluate uranium contamination in groundwater of Mansa district in SW-Punjab region and observed a mean uranium concentration of 95.46 μg/L. About 68 % of the groundwater samples had uranium levels higher than the 30 μg/L limit set by the WHO in 2011. For the remediation of U(VI), SnO₂ was synthesized using the sol-gel method and showed a maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity of 163.07 mg/g under optimal adsorption parameters: pH (6), adsorbent dosage (0.5 g/L), and contact period (90 min). Hence, prepared SnO₂ was identified as efficient and effective for the remediation of uranium-contaminated groundwater samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 112018"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning approaches for improving dosimeter reading accuracy conform with new operational quantities recommended by the ICRU 95","authors":"P. Rindhatayathon ,&nbsp;K. Sukyaprot ,&nbsp;W. Sudchai ,&nbsp;P. Sang-ondee ,&nbsp;S. Theirrattanakul ,&nbsp;T. Rungseesumran ,&nbsp;V. Pungkun","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigated machine learning (ML) for improving dosimeter reading accuracy under new operational quantities from ICRU 95. Qulxel, InLight, and OSLN dosimeters were irradiated with various photon energies, angles, and accumulated doses. Two ML models were developed: ML1 bases on K-means clustering and linear regression, and ML2 with random forest regression. Both models improved dosimeter reading accuracy compared to the existing algorithm, especially for low-energy photons. ML2, using key features for predictive dose reading, outperformed ML1. The study suggests that machine learning can be a valuable tool for enhancing dosimeter reading and connecting existing quantities to new quantities smoothly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 112013"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Method of standard sets of the nuclides of U-Th natural series for nuclear dating","authors":"O. Pop,&nbsp;V. Maslyuk","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The characteristics of terrestrial radioactivity can be used for the nuclear dating procedure in the framework of standard sets of nuclides (SMN). The method allows accounting for almost all natural series U/Th radionuclides. It can point out the time of the event and the reliability of dating for the objects of study. The latter is important to study whether restarting the nuclear chronometer violates the isotopes’ radioactive balance et al. The SSN method's abilities are illustrated by the example of both rocks and soil samples of Transcarpathia's mountainous regions with different degrees of openness/closedness of radionuclide systems. The isotopes of ²³⁸U natural series were used for nuclear dating procedures.</div><div>The study's actual conditions were simulated using statistical testing, allowing for the low-background experiment's errors to be considered. It is shown that the value of the ratio of radium isotopes to uranium and thorium to uranium in soils can serve as a characteristic of the soil formation process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 112017"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutron leakage calculation of Varian medical linear accelerator with 115In foil activation and CR-39 detector by Monte Carlo simulation","authors":"Mohammadreza Rezaie ,&nbsp;Neda Zareie ,&nbsp;Mehdi Hassanpour ,&nbsp;Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-energy medical accelerators, such as 15 MeV electron beam Varian accelerators, are widely used in Iran and worldwide for treatment and imaging. Due to photon-neutron interactions in the head of accelerators, neutrons with high energy enter the treatment room. In this article calculation of the energy spectrum of neutron leakage using the Monte Carlo N Particle X version (MCNPX) code was investigated to determine the possibility of neutron leakage in the treatment room. The neutron leakage was measured by activating a¹¹⁵In foil and tracking the neutron density in the CR-39 detector on the patient's bed in the treatment room. Finally, by placing an adult MIRD phantom on the patient's bed in the treatment room, the neutron dose distribution per unit time in sensitive organs due to leakage neutrons has been calculated. The Monte Carlo results show that the number of neutrons entering the treatment room from the accelerator head per second is 2.22E+12 (n/s). The activity of the indium foil per gram and the Track density rate of the CR-39 detector for neutron leakage of the Vital Varian accelerator at 15 MeV in the treatment room in 10 min are 116 Bq/g and 3.9E7 tracks/(cm². s), respectively. By adjusting the field size of the accelerator for liver cancer treatment to a 5 × 5 cm² field, the effective dose rate in MIRD phantom-sensitive organs by neutron leakage is reported to be 1.62 mSv/s (97.2 mSv/min). Therefore, 15 MeV electron beam Varian accelerators have neutron leakage to the treatment room. If the principles of neutron protection are not applied to them, the leaking neutrons due to the diffusion process will have a high radiation risk for patients and treatment room technicians.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 112015"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DeepNSI: Element identification in experimental photoneutron spectra for illicit material detection","authors":"C. Besnard-Vauterin ,&nbsp;V. Blideanu ,&nbsp;B. Rapp","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present DeepNSI (Deep Neutron Spectrum Identification), a deep learning framework for identifying elemental composition from photon-induced neutron spectra in realistic inspection scenarios. Targeted toward the detection of illicit materials, DeepNSI consists of an ensemble of element-specific convolutional neural networks trained on a hybrid dataset of simulated and experimental photoneutron spectra. Special emphasis is placed on detecting light elements such as nitrogen and oxygen, which are key signatures of explosives and chemical threats. The model incorporates Monte Carlo Dropout to provide predictive uncertainty and employs a post-processing step based on non-negative least squares (NNLS) to reconstruct the experimental spectrum from reference components. Evaluation on real data—including organic compounds and complex configurations involving shielding materials—demonstrates robust element identification, with uncertainty estimates supporting decision confidence. Although NNLS coefficients are influenced by nuclear cross sections and cannot be interpreted as direct concentrations, their trends across samples reflect meaningful compositional differences. These results establish DeepNSI as a reliable tool for interpretable, machine-learning-based elemental analysis in photon interrogation systems coupled with photoneutron spectrometry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 112014"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activation cross-sections of 3He-particle induced nuclear reactions on natural silver up to 27 MeV","authors":"B.M. Ali ,&nbsp;A. Elbinawi ,&nbsp;F. Ditrói ,&nbsp;M. Al-Abyad","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents new experimental cross-section data for the production of radionuclides ¹⁰⁴ᵐ, ^104g, ¹⁰⁵ᵐ, ¹⁰⁶ᵐ, ¹¹⁰ᵐAg, ^107g, ¹⁰⁸ᵐ, ^108g, ¹⁰⁹, ¹¹⁰ᵐ, ^110g, ¹¹¹In, and ¹⁰⁷, ¹⁰⁹Cd produced via ³He-particle irradiation of natural silver using the stacked-foil activation technique. The results were validated by comparison with previous studies, corrected for updated γ-ray emissions, if possible. Beam energy and current were verified using the monitor reactions, which improved data reliability. The experimental excitation functions were further compared with theoretical predictions from the EMPIRE code and the TENDL-2023 library, revealing notable discrepancies that underscore the need for refinement in nuclear reaction models for ³He projectiles. Thick target yields were also calculated, with ¹⁰⁷ᵍIn and ¹⁰⁸ᵐIn showing the highest production rates. The yields are generally insufficient for large-scale radionuclide production. These results anyhow extend the existing experimental database for ³He-induced nuclear reactions, contribute new material for the advancement of nuclear reaction modeling, as well as for applications in activation analysis and astrophysics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 112011"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardisation of iodine-123 and participation in the comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K4.I-123","authors":"W.M. van Wyngaardt ,&nbsp;A.H.H. Bowan ,&nbsp;M. Zarifi ,&nbsp;C.M.B. Keevers ,&nbsp;E.L. Clark ,&nbsp;M.L. Smith ,&nbsp;C. Michotte","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iodine-123 was standardised by the 4π(e_A,X)-γ live-timed anti-coincidence counting technique, with liquid scintillation (LS) counting applied for the 4π channel. Seven LS sources were counted over 4 days. To trace the decay of impurities ¹²⁵I, ¹²¹Te and ^123mTe, one source was counted for an additional 9 times over 100 days. Fitting the extended dataset to the decay function for the component radionuclides provided impurity correction factors. The recorded data were corrected for background, live time, impurities and decay, and plotted as <span><math><mrow><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>N</mi><mrow><mi>L</mi><mi>S</mi></mrow></msub><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>γ</mi></msub></mrow><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>C</mi></msub></mfrac></mrow></math></span> vs <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mfrac><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>γ</mi></msub><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>C</mi></msub></mfrac><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>. Weighted least squares regression and extrapolation to <span><math><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mfrac><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>γ</mi></msub><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>C</mi></msub></mfrac><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span> provided the source activity. Data were fitted with a 3rd order polynomial with the 2nd order coefficient = zero to account for curvature present in the data. A 1st order polynomial fit provided an activity concentration that was 1.02 % higher.</div><div>This primary standard was developed as part of ANSTO's participation in the BIPM. RI(II)-K4. I-123 key comparison, using the Transfer Instrument of the International Reference System (SIRTI). The result that was submitted for participation in the inter-comparison was 0.85 % higher than the result reported in this manuscript. With the latest re-evaluation, the standard uncertainty increased from 0.36 % to 0.53 %, mostly due to the non-linear extrapolation of the detection efficiency curve.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 112012"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}