Applied Radiation and Isotopes最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of artisanal red brick as an X-ray shielding material.","authors":"Joel Vazquez-Bañuelos, Christian Geovanni Hernandez-Murillo, Hector Asael De Leon-Martinez, Hector Rene Vega-Carrillo, Claudia Angelica Marquez-Mata, Luis Alberto Escalera-Velasco","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.113025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.113025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiation has numerous applications that impact human life, among which medical diagnosis and radiation therapy are particularly significant. Ensuring radiation protection requires the prevention of deterministic effects and the minimization of stochastic effects. The use of ionizing radiation is governed by three fundamental protection principles: time, distance, and shielding. Shielding consists of interposing a suitable material between the radiation source and the object to be protected. Since not all materials exhibit the properties required for effective radiation attenuation, their characterization is essential. The aim of this study was to estimate the linear attenuation coefficient, half-value layer, air kerma, and ambient dose equivalent of artisanal red brick for potential application as an X-ray shielding material in the energy range of 30-120 keV, using Monte Carlo simulation methods. A narrow-beam transmission geometry experiment was modeled with the MCNP5 code, employing X-ray spectra generated by an X-ray tube as the source term. The results characterize the attenuation and dosimetric response of artisanal red brick for the modeled X-ray spectra and thicknesses, providing information on its potential shielding performance in the diagnostic X-ray energy range.</p>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"239 ","pages":"113025"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149219768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production cross sections and thick target yields of deuteron-induced reactions on natural lead up to 24 MeV.","authors":"Lkhagvasuren Bold, Zolbadral Tsoodol, Masayuki Aikawa, He Huang, Naoyuki Ukon, Akihiro Nambu, Hiromitsu Haba","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.113024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.113024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Production cross sections and thick target yields of ²⁰⁷Bi, ²⁰⁶Bi, ²⁰⁵Bi, ²⁰⁴Bi, ²⁰³Bi, and ²⁰³Pb were measured in deuteron-induced reactions on natural lead up to 24 MeV. The stacked-foil activation technique and high-resolution γ-ray spectrometry were used. The excellent agreement between the experimental thick target yields and those derived using our measured cross sections confirms the high reliability of the present experimental data. The measured excitation functions are consistent with most previously published experimental data, providing reliable experimental data across the investigated energy range. Furthermore, the TENDL-2025 library successfully reproduced the cross sections for ²⁰⁷Bi, ²⁰⁵Bi, and ²⁰³Pb, but significantly overestimated the production of ²⁰⁶Bi, ²⁰⁴Bi, and ²⁰³Bi.</p>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"239 ","pages":"113024"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149226970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of hypoxia and hypercapnia on Gafchromic™ MD-V3 and HD-V2 film response during ⁶⁰Co gamma irradiation.","authors":"Hanano Yamada, Andrew G Parker","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.113009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.113009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The response of radiochromic film dosimeters may be influenced by environmental conditions during irradiation, yet the effect of atmospheric composition has not been quantified for current Gafchromic™ formulations. This study investigated the influence of hypoxia and hypercapnia on the dose response of Gafchromic™ MD-V3 (35 Gy) and HD-V2 (350 Gy) films during ⁶⁰Co gamma irradiation. Films were exposed to controlled atmospheres (≤0.2-21% O₂ and CO₂/O₂/N₂ mixtures) prior to and during irradiation, and optical density was measured at 590 nm 24 h post-irradiation. MD-V3 film exhibited a significant dependence on oxygen concentration and pre-irradiation hypoxic exposure time. Response increased with duration of hypoxic exposure and declined linearly with log oxygen concentration between 0.5% and 21% O₂. Post-irradiation atmosphere also influenced the final response of films previously exposed to hypoxia, with a greater response observed when hypoxia-conditioned films were returned to air after irradiation than when they remained under hypoxia. Hypercapnic mixtures produced changes consistent with oxygen displacement, indicating that response variation was governed primarily by oxygen concentration rather than CO₂. In contrast, HD-V2 film showed no significant dependence on atmospheric composition under the conditions tested. These results demonstrate that atmospheric composition represents a relevant influence quantity for MD-V3 dosimetry. Calibration performed under normoxic conditions may introduce systematic bias when films are used in modified-atmosphere irradiation processes. Atmospheric conditions before, during and, under some circumstances, after irradiation should therefore be considered when MD-V3 film is used for dosimetry under modified atmospheres.</p>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"239 ","pages":"113009"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balancing photon attenuation and neutron absorption in BaSO₄/B(OH)₃-reinforced natural rubber composites apply for medical radiation shielding.","authors":"Natsupon Chutithanapanon, Tharanin Panyachan, Nathapong Sukhawipat, Wichain Chailad, Sorapong Pavasupree, Chadet Yenchai, Jennifer Rodon-Fores, Siriprapa Kaewjaeng","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.113014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.113014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates BaSO₄/B(OH)₃ hybrid natural rubber composites designed for the combined attenuation of photon and neutron radiation in medical region energies. Peroxide-crosslinked natural rubber was incorporated with a fixed total loading of 150 phr, while the BaSO₄/B(OH)₃ ratio was systematically varied to elucidate the composition-property correlations influencing radiation shielding efficacy. Shore A hardness was evaluated to determine the impact of the hybrid fillers on resistance to localized indentation. Photon attenuation was experimentally assessed at 60, 122, and 342 keV with ²⁴¹Am, ⁵⁷Co, and ¹³³Ba sources, respectively, with 342 keV regarded as the effective energy corresponding to the nominal 356 keV emission of ¹³³Ba. The linear and mass attenuation coefficients were compared with WinXCOM and Phy-X/PSD calculations, while the photon interaction characteristics were further analyzed using the half-value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), effective atomic number, effective electron density, buildup factors, and photon kerma coefficient. Neutron attenuation was evaluated utilizing a paraffin-moderated ²⁴¹Am/Be source and a ³He proportional counter, employing bare and cadmium-covered observations to estimate the effective thermal and non-thermal neutron components. The enhancement of the BaSO₄ content improved composite density, Shore A hardness, and photon attenuation, especially at 60 keV, due to the significant influence of photoelectric absorption from high-Z barium. The elevated photon energies, the distinctions among the formulations diminished as Compton scattering increasingly dominated the interaction response. Conversely, increasing the B(OH)₃ concentration enhanced effective thermal-neutron attenuation due to boron-assisted capture subsequent to moderation by the hydrogen-rich rubber matrix. The findings indicate a distinct compositional equilibrium between photon attenuation, thermal-neutron attenuation, and hardness, underscoring BaSO₄/B(OH)₃ filled natural rubber as a potential material for mixed-radiation shielding applications in medical filled.</p>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"239 ","pages":"113014"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated mineralogical, geochemical, and radiological characterization of stream sediments from wadi hodein, southeastern desert, Egypt: Implications for heavy mineral potential and environmental safety.","authors":"Mohamed Diab, Mona M Fawzy, Nareman M Harpy, Reham Magdy, Ibrahim Gaafar","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stream sediments represent important natural repositories for economic heavy minerals and radionuclides, reflecting the lithological composition, weathering history, and sedimentary dynamics of their drainage basins. This study presents an integrated mineralogical, geochemical, and radiological investigation of stream sediments from Wadi Hodein, southeastern Desert of Egypt, with the aim of evaluating their heavy mineral potential and environmental radiological characteristics. A total of 66 sediment samples were systematically collected from six profiles covering approximately 300 km² and subjected to grain-size analysis, heavy mineral separation, SEM-EDS mineralogical characterization, XRF geochemical analysis, and gamma-ray spectrometric measurements. The investigated sediments are dominated by medium-to coarse-grained sand fractions, indicating deposition under moderate-to high-energy fluvial conditions. Light silicate minerals constitute the major sediment component (85-90 wt%), whereas heavy minerals account for approximately 7-10 wt% of the total sediment mass. Mineralogical investigations identified economically significant heavy minerals including magnetite, ilmenite, rutile, titanite, zircon, chromite, amphibole, and columbite. Geochemically, the sediments are enriched in SiO₂ and Al₂O₃, reflecting the predominance of quartz and feldspar, while localized enrichments in Fe₂O₃, TiO₂, Zr, Cr, Ni, and V correlate strongly with concentrations of heavy mineral assemblages. Radiometric analyses reveal variable concentrations of equivalent uranium (eU), equivalent thorium (eTh), radium, and potassium, reflecting lithological heterogeneity and active geochemical redistribution processes. Elevated eU/Ra(eU) ratios (>1) across most profiles may indicate widespread radioactive disequilibrium and uranium mobility under oxidizing conditions. Activity concentrations of ²³⁸U range from 4.96 to 111.97 Bq/kg, whereas ²³²Th and ²²⁶Ra generally remain within global natural background levels. Radiological hazard indices, including radium equivalent activity (Raeq), external hazard index (Hex), internal hazard index (Hin), absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose, and excess lifetime cancer risk, all remain below internationally recommended safety limits. The results indicate that Wadi Hodein stream sediments have potential for further evaluation as a source of heavy minerals, while exhibiting low radiological risk. The study demonstrates the relationships among sedimentary processes, heavy-mineral concentration, and radionuclide distribution, providing valuable baseline information for mineral exploration, environmental assessment, and future resource evaluation in the southeastern Desert of Egypt.</p>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"239 ","pages":"112985"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149219750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dosimetric impact of prostate edema in 125I LDR brachytherapy using MCNP simulations and an adapted ICRP 110 voxel phantom","authors":"L.S. Boia,&nbsp;A.F. Menezes,&nbsp;A.X. Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low Dose Rate (LDR) prostate brachytherapy with permanent ¹²⁵I seed implants is frequently associated with prostatic edema, an inflammatory response that increases the gland's volume and alters source geometry. This study quantifies the impact of post-implant edema on dose distribution using the MCNP Monte Carlo code integrated with the ICRP 110 reference adult male voxel phantom. The ICRP 110 voxel phantom was globally rescaled by modifying the voxel grid resolution to emulate prostate volume expansion scenarios ranging from 10% to 50%. Although this transformation affects the entire voxelized geometry, dosimetric evaluation was restricted to the prostate region containing the implanted ¹²⁵I seeds. A dedicated computational system was employed to automatically generate MCNP input files, recalculating the 3D positioning and inter-seed distances for 73 ¹²⁵I seeds (model 6711) in each scenario. The simulations revealed a progressive reduction in dose coverage governed by the Inverse Square Law, as the volumetric expansion increases the distance between sources. While the non-edematous reference case was normalized to the prescribed dose of 144 Gy, the relative absorbed dose decreased to 99%, 97%, 94%, 91%, and 87% for edema levels of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%, respectively. These results indicate that edema exceeding 20% leads to progressive reductions in absorbed dose and increasingly unfavorable DVH characteristics. Considering the 59.4-day half-life of ¹²⁵I, this dosimetric deficit is particularly critical during the first few weeks post-implant, when source activity is at its peak. Based on the observed data, there is a clear necessity to incorporate edema-aware strategies into brachytherapy planning and post-implant evaluation to ensure therapeutic efficacy and target coverage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 112867"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148771558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban Radiological Risk Assessment Using HotSpot and Geant4: From Probabilistic Dose Estimates to Shielding Effects","authors":"Mohammad.A. Al-Shami,&nbsp;Najeeb.N.M. Maglas,&nbsp;Merouane Najar,&nbsp;Mohsen.M.M. Ali,&nbsp;Ahmed AL-Osta,&nbsp;Sufyan Naji,&nbsp;Bashir Garba Aminu","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112861","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;First-of-its-kind probabilistic framework integrating HotSpot and Geant4 for urban RDD risk assessment.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;Captures environmental variability and complex interactions of radiation with densely built urban structures.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;Provides organ-specific dose estimates, revealing extreme near-field exposure for the liver and significant shielding effects.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;Demonstrates dramatic TEDE reductions (up to &gt;28-fold for liver) through urban shielding, informing emergency planning and public safety.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Radiological dispersal devices (RDDs) present a significant threat in urban environments due to their potential to deliver high radiation doses over populated areas. This study presents a novel integrated framework for assessing radiological risk from potential urban RDD incidents by integrating probabilistic uncertainty analysis with advanced computational modeling, including automated HotSpot simulations and Geant4-based urban shielding. This combined approach captures both the variability inherent in environmental conditions and the complex interactions of radiation with densely built structures. A total of 2,500 stochastic simulations were conducted for scenarios involving uncertain parameters such as wind speed and direction, deposition velocities, receptor height, and radionuclide activities (&lt;sup&gt;137&lt;/sup&gt;Cs and &lt;sup&gt;241&lt;/sup&gt;Am). Results indicate that in open-air conditions, the mean total effective dose equivalent (TEDE) reaches 8.65 Sv at 0.1 km from the source, decreasing to 1.78 Sv at 1 km and 0.16 Sv at 10 km. Incorporation of urban shielding via Geant4 dramatically reduces near-field doses: at 0.1 km, TEDE falls to 0.57 Sv, representing a &gt;15-fold decrease; at 1 km, it drops to 0.034 Sv, and at 10 km to 0.0015 Sv. Analysis of effective attenuation coefficients shows that photon fluxes decrease exponentially with distance, falling below 0.02 m&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; beyond 600 m. Organ-specific assessment identifies the liver as the most exposed organ, with its mean dose decreasing from 28.1 Sv to 1.84 Sv after attenuation, while the lung dose declines from 1.37 Sv to 0.09 Sv at 0.1 km. These reductions highlight the substantial shielding effect of dense urban structures, which not only lowers exposure levels but also reduces probabilistic variability, thereby providing more reliable dose estimates. The findings underscore the critical importance of probabilistic, organ-specific assessment and realistic urban modeling to guide emergency planning, early evacuation strategies, and public safety. The reported dose estimates are based on probabilistic HotSpot simulations coupled with Geant4 calculations performed for a representative high-density urban configuration using simplified building geometries and homogeneous material properties. The integrated HotSpot–","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 112861"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148771559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of L-shell fluorescence emission in 42 ≤ Z ≤ 83 elements using reflection geometry and low energetic Au L X-rays","authors":"S.P. Manoj,&nbsp;K. Sripathi Punchithaya,&nbsp;Ismayil","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on L-shell X-ray fluorescence analysis of elements with 42≤Z ≤ 83. The fluorescence L-X-rays were measured using Si-PIN detector in reflection geometry with low energetic Au L-X-ray incidence. Fluorescence cross sections and yields were estimated from the measured data. The findings help in improving quantitative XRF analysis techniques and refining theoretical models of L-shell fluorescence production. Intensity ratio of each emitted X-ray line with respect to L_α is calculated and theoretically estimated. The results were compared with the theoretical and experimental data in the available literature. The observed deviations underscore the complexity of electronic transitions in this energy range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 112539"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147376039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrical impedance evaluation of gamma rays response for preservation of vegetables and fruits","authors":"A.F. Maged,&nbsp;N.L. Moussa","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electrical impedance (<em>EI</em>) characterization of vegetables and fruits extracts from fresh plants is essential for development, evaluation, understanding and predicting their interaction with different application. The results suggest that all extracted plants have equivalent electrical circuit consists of capacitor and resistor in parallel. The methanol and vegetables-fruits extracts found have approximately semiconductor behavior. The parallel capacitance, <em>C</em>_<em>p</em> decreased ∼53%, while dissipation factor, <em>DF</em> increased ∼64% via gamma medium dose range up to 10 kGy. As well as, the relative dielectric, <em>ε</em>_<em>r</em> decreased ∼53% for red onion peel. <em>EI</em> of plants at medium dose range of gamma irradiation has roughly tangible changes. The <em>EI</em> technique for food sterilization represents a novel way added to other methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 112489"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147363783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional carrier based on biocompatible artificial anionic polysaccharide, cross-linked with 90Y(III) ions and with a built-in antitumor agent","authors":"M.A. Orlova,&nbsp;V.V. Spiridonov,&nbsp;A.V. Gopin,&nbsp;T.P. Trofimova,&nbsp;M.Z. Bezhanidze,&nbsp;A.A. Yaroslavov,&nbsp;S.N. Kalmykov","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For ⁹⁰Y obtained on a⁹⁰Sr/⁹⁰Y generator, a microgel based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is proposed as a multifunctional carrier platform for the radionuclide and the antitumor agent. Both binary (CMC-⁹⁰Y[Y] and CMC-⁹⁰Y) and ternary (⁹⁰Y[Y]-CMC-NO-synthase effector) microgels with different yttrium contents were synthesized and characterized. Both direct synthesis and isotope exchange used for the introduction of the radionuclide. In both cases, the degree of introduction was maximal. It was found that the size of the microgels and their cytotoxicity depend on the yttrium content, especially in the case of ternary (i.e. containing an organic component) microgels. This dependence is a result of changes in the structure of the formed particles and is confirmed by the data obtained by light scattering (D_<em>h</em>) and electrophoretic mobility (EPM) methods. The composition of the ternary microgels confirmed by IR spectroscopy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 112526"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147368748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}