{"title":"Overview of modeling applications and radioactive tracers for the hydrodynamic determination of groundwater flow in Wetlands.","authors":"Eleftheria Ioannidou, Christos Pouliaris, Ioanna Zerva, Dimitra Kemitzoglou, Alexandra Ioannidou, Eleni Zagana, Nerantzis Kazakis","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112095","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Constructed wetlands (CWs) are treatment engineered systems designed to mimic the processes of natural wetlands for the purpose of treating wastewater or stormwater. These wetlands use vegetation, soil, and microbial processes to remove pollutants and improve water quality. CWs have been employed as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective alternative to conventional wastewater treatment methods. CWs contribute to sustainable water management by utilizing natural processes and promoting environmental conservation. Their design and operation should be tailored to specific site conditions and treatment objectives. Groundwater modelling applications and the use of tracers play crucial roles in understanding and optimizing the performance of constructed wetlands. A detailed literature overview was performed to identify the various modelling methods and tracer applications commonly used around the globe for assessing CWs' development and operation. The most widely applied groundwater models include MODFLOW-MODPATH for simulating groundwater flow and transport processes, as well as MT3DMS and HYDRUS for evaluating contaminant transport. Additionally, coupled hydrological models and reactive transport simulations provide insights into the hydraulic and biochemical processes occurring within CWs. In terms of tracer applications, both natural and artificial radioactive tracers are frequently utilized to assess hydrodynamics and pollutant removal efficiency. Key radiotracers include isotopes such as <sup>222</sup>Rn, <sup>7</sup>Be, <sup>137</sup>Cs, and <sup>210</sup>Pb for sediment transport and water movement analysis, as well as <sup>3</sup>H and <sup>234</sup>U/<sup>238</sup>U for groundwater interactions. These tracers, in combination with numerical modelling, enhance the accuracy of hydrodynamic assessments and improve the predictive capacity of CW performance under various operational scenarios. This integrated approach enhances the efficiency and reliability of constructed wetlands in treating wastewater and stormwater, providing an effective solution and contributing to sustainable water management practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"112095"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112095","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/8/11 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are treatment engineered systems designed to mimic the processes of natural wetlands for the purpose of treating wastewater or stormwater. These wetlands use vegetation, soil, and microbial processes to remove pollutants and improve water quality. CWs have been employed as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective alternative to conventional wastewater treatment methods. CWs contribute to sustainable water management by utilizing natural processes and promoting environmental conservation. Their design and operation should be tailored to specific site conditions and treatment objectives. Groundwater modelling applications and the use of tracers play crucial roles in understanding and optimizing the performance of constructed wetlands. A detailed literature overview was performed to identify the various modelling methods and tracer applications commonly used around the globe for assessing CWs' development and operation. The most widely applied groundwater models include MODFLOW-MODPATH for simulating groundwater flow and transport processes, as well as MT3DMS and HYDRUS for evaluating contaminant transport. Additionally, coupled hydrological models and reactive transport simulations provide insights into the hydraulic and biochemical processes occurring within CWs. In terms of tracer applications, both natural and artificial radioactive tracers are frequently utilized to assess hydrodynamics and pollutant removal efficiency. Key radiotracers include isotopes such as 222Rn, 7Be, 137Cs, and 210Pb for sediment transport and water movement analysis, as well as 3H and 234U/238U for groundwater interactions. These tracers, in combination with numerical modelling, enhance the accuracy of hydrodynamic assessments and improve the predictive capacity of CW performance under various operational scenarios. This integrated approach enhances the efficiency and reliability of constructed wetlands in treating wastewater and stormwater, providing an effective solution and contributing to sustainable water management practices.
期刊介绍：
Applied Radiation and Isotopes provides a high quality medium for the publication of substantial, original and scientific and technological papers on the development and peaceful application of nuclear, radiation and radionuclide techniques in chemistry, physics, biochemistry, biology, medicine, security, engineering and in the earth, planetary and environmental sciences, all including dosimetry. Nuclear techniques are defined in the broadest sense and both experimental and theoretical papers are welcome. They include the development and use of α- and β-particles, X-rays and γ-rays, neutrons and other nuclear particles and radiations from all sources, including radionuclides, synchrotron sources, cyclotrons and reactors and from the natural environment.
The journal aims to publish papers with significance to an international audience, containing substantial novelty and scientific impact. The Editors reserve the rights to reject, with or without external review, papers that do not meet these criteria.
Papers dealing with radiation processing, i.e., where radiation is used to bring about a biological, chemical or physical change in a material, should be directed to our sister journal Radiation Physics and Chemistry.
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
