Zsolt Homoki, Ágnes Szigeti, Anita Csordás, Gergely Tóth, Hegedűs Miklós, Tibor Kovács
{"title":"基于室内伽马辐射调查评估遗留高活性建筑材料的框架。","authors":"Zsolt Homoki, Ágnes Szigeti, Anita Csordás, Gergely Tóth, Hegedűs Miklós, Tibor Kovács","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112034","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Europe, people spend most of their time in buildings. The indoor gamma radiation has the highest contribution to our natural exposure after the inhalation of radon and its daughter elements and its level can reach sometimes very high values. But there is no reference level which can support the decision about the necessity of mitigation actions. Our purpose was to characterise the usual level of indoor gamma radiation in the Hungarian homes and to originate a Reference Level by the adoption of legislation applied for building materials. In this article, a statistical evaluation was made from the results of outdoor and indoor gamma radiation surveys made between 1995 and 2024 using passive and active detectors and gamma-ray spectrometric results of building materials. The average outdoor and indoor gamma radiation level was found to be 97 nSv/h and 149 nSv/h, respectively. According to our calculation, 250 nSv/h ambient gamma dose rate corresponds to the 1 mSv annual effective dose. Therefore, the Reference Level of indoor gamma radiation should be 350 nSv/h for the Hungarian homes. Such kind of elevated levels was detected only in buildings where bottom ash weas used as floor space filling material or the main walls were made from bottom ash concrete blocks. Additionally, a direct link was found between the gamma dose rate levels near to the surface of the building materials and its radioactivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"112034"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Framework for evaluating legacy high activity building material based on indoor gamma radiation surveys.\",\"authors\":\"Zsolt Homoki, Ágnes Szigeti, Anita Csordás, Gergely Tóth, Hegedűs Miklós, Tibor Kovács\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112034\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>In Europe, people spend most of their time in buildings. The indoor gamma radiation has the highest contribution to our natural exposure after the inhalation of radon and its daughter elements and its level can reach sometimes very high values. But there is no reference level which can support the decision about the necessity of mitigation actions. Our purpose was to characterise the usual level of indoor gamma radiation in the Hungarian homes and to originate a Reference Level by the adoption of legislation applied for building materials. In this article, a statistical evaluation was made from the results of outdoor and indoor gamma radiation surveys made between 1995 and 2024 using passive and active detectors and gamma-ray spectrometric results of building materials. The average outdoor and indoor gamma radiation level was found to be 97 nSv/h and 149 nSv/h, respectively. According to our calculation, 250 nSv/h ambient gamma dose rate corresponds to the 1 mSv annual effective dose. Therefore, the Reference Level of indoor gamma radiation should be 350 nSv/h for the Hungarian homes. Such kind of elevated levels was detected only in buildings where bottom ash weas used as floor space filling material or the main walls were made from bottom ash concrete blocks. Additionally, a direct link was found between the gamma dose rate levels near to the surface of the building materials and its radioactivity.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":8096,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Applied Radiation and Isotopes\",\"volume\":\"225 \",\"pages\":\"112034\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-11-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Applied Radiation and Isotopes\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112034\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/7/19 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112034","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/7/19 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR","Score":null,"Total":0}
Framework for evaluating legacy high activity building material based on indoor gamma radiation surveys.
In Europe, people spend most of their time in buildings. The indoor gamma radiation has the highest contribution to our natural exposure after the inhalation of radon and its daughter elements and its level can reach sometimes very high values. But there is no reference level which can support the decision about the necessity of mitigation actions. Our purpose was to characterise the usual level of indoor gamma radiation in the Hungarian homes and to originate a Reference Level by the adoption of legislation applied for building materials. In this article, a statistical evaluation was made from the results of outdoor and indoor gamma radiation surveys made between 1995 and 2024 using passive and active detectors and gamma-ray spectrometric results of building materials. The average outdoor and indoor gamma radiation level was found to be 97 nSv/h and 149 nSv/h, respectively. According to our calculation, 250 nSv/h ambient gamma dose rate corresponds to the 1 mSv annual effective dose. Therefore, the Reference Level of indoor gamma radiation should be 350 nSv/h for the Hungarian homes. Such kind of elevated levels was detected only in buildings where bottom ash weas used as floor space filling material or the main walls were made from bottom ash concrete blocks. Additionally, a direct link was found between the gamma dose rate levels near to the surface of the building materials and its radioactivity.
期刊介绍：
Applied Radiation and Isotopes provides a high quality medium for the publication of substantial, original and scientific and technological papers on the development and peaceful application of nuclear, radiation and radionuclide techniques in chemistry, physics, biochemistry, biology, medicine, security, engineering and in the earth, planetary and environmental sciences, all including dosimetry. Nuclear techniques are defined in the broadest sense and both experimental and theoretical papers are welcome. They include the development and use of α- and β-particles, X-rays and γ-rays, neutrons and other nuclear particles and radiations from all sources, including radionuclides, synchrotron sources, cyclotrons and reactors and from the natural environment.
The journal aims to publish papers with significance to an international audience, containing substantial novelty and scientific impact. The Editors reserve the rights to reject, with or without external review, papers that do not meet these criteria.
Papers dealing with radiation processing, i.e., where radiation is used to bring about a biological, chemical or physical change in a material, should be directed to our sister journal Radiation Physics and Chemistry.
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