Applied Radiation and Isotopes最新文献

{"title":"Is 131I treatment necessary for postoperative DTC patients classified as intermediate- or high-risk with negative stimulated thyroglobulin?","authors":"Yao Luo ,&nbsp;Ruoxin Xu ,&nbsp;Canran Xiao,&nbsp;Zeqing Xu,&nbsp;Caihua Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Several studies have indicated that postoperative differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients with stimulated thyroglobulin (sTg) levels &lt;1 ng/mL could directly transition to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression therapy. However, a number of cases with negative sTg have also shown residual thyroid tissue (RTT) or metastases through various imaging examinations. This study aimed to assess the necessity of ¹³¹I treatment for DTC patients classified as intermediate- or high-risk for recurrence with sTg levels below 1 ng/mL.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective analysis was conducted on a total of 158 postoperative DTC patients classified as intermediate- or high-risk for recurrence with pre-ablation sTg levels below 1 ng/mL, as well as a subgroup of 51 DTC patients with pre-ablation sTg levels below 0.04 ng/mL. A comprehensive comparison was conducted between the results of pre-ablation imaging examinations and post therapy ¹³¹I whole body scans (RxWBS, with SPECT/CT) in terms of RTT, cervical lymph nodes, or distant metastases. The therapeutic response of ¹³¹I treatment was also evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The presences of RTT or unsuspected metastases were detected in 141 patients by RxWBS: 87.3 % (138/158) exhibited RTT, whereas 16.5 % (26/158) had metastatic lymph nodes. Compare to other pre-ablation imaging modalities, RxWBS demonstrated superior sensitivity in identifying both RTT (87.3 % vs. 37.3 %) and metastatic lymph nodes (16.5 % vs. 2.5 %). Among the 141 patients (89.2 %, 141/158) who were positive on RxWBS, 132 patients (93.6 %, 132/141) achieved an excellent response (ER) after the ¹³¹I treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>For postoperative DTC patients classified as intermediate or high risk for recurrence with negative sTg, RTT or metastases may still be present in most cases. ¹³¹I treatment is necessary for these patients regardless of serum sTg results, and a majority of them could have favorable therapeutic response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112190"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of X-ray radiation exposure in open dental clinics for dentists and assistants using TL-dosimeters","authors":"Manal K. Kabier,&nbsp;Riyadh Ch Abul-Hial,&nbsp;Hussain A. Badran","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this investigation is to determine the average effective dosage for dentists and assisting personnel in Basrah city each year. Additionally, we aim to compare the average annual effective doses with the limits set by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. The doses were measured using thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLD-200) placed over the apron at the chest level in all participants. The results showed that the average annual effective doses were 5.623 mSv/y for dentists and 5.279 mSv/y for assistants. Most of the measured annual doses were well below the internationally recommended limit of 20 mSv/y. Notably, assistants in general hospitals tended to receive higher radiation doses compared to dentists. This phenomenon can be attributed primarily to the increased frequency of radiological procedures and the higher patient throughput typical of general hospitals. Despite this, implementing advanced protective equipment, regular monitoring, and well-structured radiation safety protocols helps mitigate exposure risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145084902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indoor radon levels and influencing factors in Tarhuna and Msallata, Libya: A winter study including surface soil radon in Tarhuna","authors":"M.M. Al Bosta ,&nbsp;J.J. Al Radaideh ,&nbsp;M. Al Ghrawi ,&nbsp;A. Okasha","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Indoor radon gas poses a significant global lung cancer risk, with comprehensive data scarce in many regions, including Tarhuna and Msallata, Libya. This study assessed indoor radon concentrations and their influencing environmental, structural, and behavioral factors in homes, alongside surface soil gas radon in Tarhuna, during the winter season. Radon levels were measured using passive detectors and analyzed with statistical methods including ANOVA, t-tests, and Generalized Additive Models (GAM). Indoor radon averaged 37 Bq/m³ (13–111 Bq/m³), showing no significant differences between cities or room types. Surface soil gas radon in Tarhuna averaged 1.9 kBq/m³ (0.2–6.0 kBq/m³), with no significant variation across soil types. GAM analysis identified daily ventilation duration as the most significant negative predictor of indoor radon. Building type had a marginal influence, while other factors were not independently significant. These findings underscore natural ventilation as a primary, cost-effective radon mitigation strategy for the region. Future studies should consider larger samples and continuous monitoring to further elucidate radon dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112187"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transfer of the SIR key comparison reference values from one ionization chamber to another","authors":"Carine Michotte ,&nbsp;Andrew K. Pearce ,&nbsp;Maurice G. Cox","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the framework of the CIPM MRA, the continuous BIPM.RI(II)-K1 key comparison named SIR (Système International de Référence) is based on an ionization chamber (IC1) in which more than 70 radionuclides were measured producing about 800 comparison results (equivalent activities <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> in kBq) since 1976. A second chamber (IC2), built to the same nominal design specification, is available to serve as a back-up should the first chamber fail; however, there will be small variations in the chamber such as in wall thicknesses and the tilt of the well. Because of these differences, the key comparison reference values (KCRVs) from IC1 cannot be applied directly to IC2, and to date only 55 independent measurements of 30 radionuclides are available for IC2. A methodology to transfer all existing key comparison reference values (KCRVs) to the back-up chamber IC2 was developed with the aim of minimizing the impact on the uncertainty of the degrees of equivalence. The selected methodology is based on a mathematical model utilizing an updated version of the SIRIC code previously developed by the current authors. This code takes as input the measured IC2 data and IC1 KCRVs transformed by a scaling function <span><math><mi>S</mi></math></span> and provides as output the modelled IC2 equivalent activities <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mtext>IC2,mod</mtext></mrow></msubsup></math></span> and the quotient <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mtext>IC2,mod</mtext></mrow></msubsup></math></span>/<span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mtext>IC1,mod</mtext></mrow></msubsup></math></span> of modelled equivalent activities for each chamber. The IC2 KCRVs are calculated using <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>KCRV</mi></mrow><mrow><mtext>IC2</mtext></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><msup><mrow><mi>KCRV</mi></mrow><mrow><mtext>IC1</mtext></mrow></msup><msubsup><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mtext>IC2,mod</mtext></mrow></msubsup><mo>/</mo><msubsup><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mtext>IC1,mod</mtext></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span>. The optimum form of the scaling function <span><math><mi>S</mi></math></span> was explored and potential IC2 KCRVs and degrees of equivalence were calculated and are presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose equivalent rate forecasting: A comparison of time series methods and machine learning approaches","authors":"Sergio Sarmiento-Rosales ,&nbsp;Martha Isabel Escalona-Llaguno ,&nbsp;Jesús Leopoldo Llano García ,&nbsp;Eduardo García Sánchez","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate prediction of Dose Equivalent Rate (DER) is essential for radiation monitoring and risk assessment. This study explores multiple modeling approaches, ranging from traditional statistical techniques to advanced deep learning methods, to forecast DER in San Antonio, Texas. We evaluate five models: the Persistence Model, Lasso Regression, K-Nearest Neighbors, Evolutionary Neural Architecture Search, and Recurrent Neural Networks, using DER data from January to December 2019 for training and early 2020 for testing. Performance is assessed based on correlation coefficient (r) and mean squared error across different DER levels. This study highlights the challenge posed by the stochastic nature of DER variations, emphasizing the necessity of longer datasets to enhance predictive reliability. These findings contribute to the development of more robust radiation forecasting models, improving decision-making in radiation protection and environmental safety. Results indicate that Recurrent Neural Networks achieve the best balance between predictive accuracy and error minimization, effectively capturing temporal dependencies in DER fluctuations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of mechanical and radiation shielding characteristics of cadmium phosphate glasses modified with Li2O and Sm2O3 through the use of Monte Carlo simulations and various computer programs","authors":"Sayed A. Makhlouf ,&nbsp;Ateyyah M. Al Baradi ,&nbsp;E.A. Abdel Wahab ,&nbsp;Kh S. Shaaban","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A glass with a composition of 60 P₂O₅- 20CdO- (20-x) Li₂O- xSm₂O_3, where <em>x=</em>(0 &lt; <em>x</em> ≤ 2 mol%), was produced by a smelt quenching procedure, by supplying samarium ions to the present glass. The density increased, whereas the molar volume reduced. The ultrasonic velocities increase from 4305 to 4495, and from 2210 to 2395 m/s, for longitudinal and transverse, respectively. Depending on these velocities, the elastic moduli (L, G, K, Y) can be experimentally obtained. On the other side, by using the dissociation energy (<em>G</em>_i) &amp; packing density (<em>v</em>_i), the previous elastic moduli can be calculated theoretically by the Makishima Mackenzie model. It was noted that, the elastic moduli was increased with increasing samarium ions in the fabricated glasses. The microhardness, thermal expansion coefficient, and Debye temperature was also obtained and increased with the supply of Sm⁺³ ions. Phy-X/PSD, MCNP5, and X-Com programs were employed to explore radiation shielding features for the photon energies, and Phy-X/ZeXTRa program for the charged particles. The mass attenuation coefficients (μ_m), linear attenuation coefficient (μ_L), half-value layer HVL, tenth-value layer TVL, the mean free path (λ), effective atomic numbers Z_eff, Equivalent atomic number (Z_eq), the exposure buildup factor (EBF), the absorption buildup factor (EABF), and the effective atomic numbers Z_eff for (the alpha particle, electron, proton, and carbon ions) were calculated for glass samples. The calculated values by the XCOM, MCNP5 code Phy-X/PSD software at different energies from 0.015 MeV to 15 MeV. We found that an increase in the concentration of (Sm₂O₃) instead of (Li₂O) gives better shielding. So, the better shielding was to the sample (LCP4) for the photon energies the charged particles, and neutrons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112162"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"True-coincidence-summing corrections of natural and artificial radionuclides for Mazinger, the very low background and high-efficiency gamma-ray spectrometer, using Monte Carlo simulations with Geant4","authors":"D. Romero-Fuentes,&nbsp;R. Rivas-Gómez,&nbsp;B. Quintana-Arnés","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of very low background <em>γ</em>-ray spectrometers has led to multidetector systems, such as Mazinger. Mazinger is an array of two HPGe detectors and two NaI(Tl) anti-Compton rings in anticoincidence configuration. The detector shielding combines passive shielding, composed of three layers of iron, lead and copper and active shielding, consisting of two anti-muon veto detectors in addition to the previously mentioned anti-Compton rings. High efficiency and background reduction are achieved for low-level activity measurements, approaching the limit of the technique. However, true-coincidence-summing (TCS) effects become a drawback in Mazinger due to its specific anticoincidence configuration. This occurs because any simultaneous triggering of more than one of the four detectors within the coincidence window results in the event being rejected. Following the implementation of Mazinger in the Monte Carlo simulations with Geant4, TCS correction factors were calculated, reaching values as high as 1200 % in some cases. This work presents the successful results obtained for both natural and artificial multi-<em>γ</em>-emitting radionuclides, including ²²⁸Ac, ¹³³Ba, ²¹⁴Bi, ¹³⁹Ce, ¹³⁴Cs, ⁶⁰Co, ¹⁵²Eu, and ²⁰⁹Tl.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Source preparation of 241Am and 129I for MMC absorbers of a multi-channel decay energy spectrometer","authors":"Quentin Drenne ,&nbsp;Matias Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Lucille Chambon ,&nbsp;Valérie Lourenço ,&nbsp;Martin Loidl ,&nbsp;Laurence Ferlazzo ,&nbsp;Jawad Hadid ,&nbsp;Christophe Dupuis","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the framework of the European project PRIMA-LTD (Towards new Primary Activity.</div><div>standardization methods based on Low-Temperature Detectors), new source preparation techniques adapted for low temperature detectors, in this case magnetic microcalorimeters (MMC), have been developed. Multiple pixelated ²⁴¹Am sources were produced at once using a standard method, electro-precipitation. The size and location of the deposits were controlled by masking the gold foil used for the deposition. Two types of masks were used, one made with Kapton® tape and the other one using copper tape. A new method was also developed for ¹²⁹I source by having ¹²⁹I react with silver in order to create a Ag-I layer on the absorber. Nanoporous silver disks were used to maximize the amount of ¹²⁹I deposited. The sources were characterized using autoradiography imaging to check the deposition homogeneity, a defined solid angle (DSA) detector for ²⁴¹Am activity and a HPGe gamma spectrometer for ¹²⁹I activity. Satisfactory results were achieved, validating the preparation processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nuclear model calculations on alpha-induced reactions on natCu: Evaluation of excitation functions of the natCu(α, x)67,66Ga, 65Zn reactions","authors":"A. Saha","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Statistical model calculations were carried out in order to produce medicinally and technologically important radionuclides like <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>67</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>66</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>Ga and ⁶⁵Zn by means of alpha induced reaction on natural Copper using TALYS code (version 1.96). Theoretical results were compared with the experimental data taken from EXFOR library and TENDL 2023 data. The best combination of level density model and alpha optical model potential out of 48 possible combinations have been investigated for each of the reactions utilizing the mean-weighted deviation analysis. A statistical procedure supported by nuclear model calculations using the TALYS code was employed to derive recommended excitation function together with 95% confidence limits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutron-induced fission studies of the NTUA at the neutron facility of NCSR “Demokritos” :The case of the 234U(n,f) cross section at the first chance fission threshold","authors":"M. Diakaki ,&nbsp;S. Kopanos ,&nbsp;M. Kokkoris ,&nbsp;N. Kyritsis ,&nbsp;V. Michalopoulou ,&nbsp;K. Kaperoni ,&nbsp;M. Mavromatakou-Karamitsiou ,&nbsp;N. Giannakou ,&nbsp;R. Vlastou ,&nbsp;A. Lagoyannis ,&nbsp;M. Axiotis","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studies of neutron-induced fission reaction cross section data are required in nuclear reactor applications as well as for the deeper understanding of the fission process. To this end, an extensive study of neutron-induced fission cross-sections at and above the fission threshold of various actinides has been carried out at the neutron beam facility of the National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos” by the Nuclear Physics Group of the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), using quasi-monoenergetic neutron beams and Micromegas detectors. An overview of the above-mentioned measurements at this facility is given in this manuscript, along with new data on the ²³⁴U(n,f) reaction cross section in the energy range 450-800 keV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}