Applied Radiation and Isotopes最新文献

{"title":"A method of evaluating the amplitude and width of the giant dipole resonance. Cross section for photonuclear production of 47Sc on 48Ti","authors":"V.L. Uvarov,&nbsp;A.A. Zakharchenko,&nbsp;R.I. Pomatsalyuk,&nbsp;V.A. Kushnir,&nbsp;YuV. Lyashko,&nbsp;L.I. Selivanov,&nbsp;D.V. Titov","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new method is proposed for determining the maximum and FWHM of the excitation function of a photonuclear reaction with dominating giant dipole resonance (GDR). The technique is based on joint application of experimental study, analytical model and Monte Carlo simulations. A special regime for activation of an isotopic target by bremsstrahlung radiation, as well as a data processing algorithm providing an explicit connection between the target partial activity and Lorentz parameters of GDR have been developed. The novel approach is used to determine the cross section of the ⁴⁸Ti(γ,p)⁴⁷Sc reaction. A way for verifying the obtained data is offered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose assessment due to radon exposure in some Egyptian dwellings using LR-115 nuclear track detectors","authors":"S. Hussein A","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Indoor radon concentrations were measured in 180 dwellings across 15 selected cities in Egypt, using the cup technique with LR-115 nuclear track detectors in place over a one-year period. Radon activity concentrations ranged from 28 to 53 Bq m⁻³, with an average value of 38 Bq m⁻³. These values are below the threshold set by US-EPA (148 Bq m⁻³), WHO (100 Bq m⁻³) and ICRP (200–300 Bq m⁻³). The indoor radon equilibrium factor (F) ranged from 0.31 to 0.41, averaging 0.37, close to the UNSCEAR recommended value of 0.40. The annual effective indoor dose to residents was estimated to range between 0.99 and 2.00 mSv, averaging 1.38 mSv, which is lower than both the global background level (1.1 mSvy⁻¹) and the ICRP's recommended action level (10 mSvy⁻¹). The mean excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) was estimated at 0.53 %. These findings suggest that radon levels in the surveyed dwellings pose no significant health risks to the occupants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112188"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of time-dependent biodistribution of activity on the counting efficiencies of standing-type whole body counter","authors":"Rahul Roy ,&nbsp;Rajesh Sankhla ,&nbsp;Deepak K. Akar ,&nbsp;Pramilla D. Sawant","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Partially shielded systems such as Quick Scan Whole Body Counter (QSWBC) are used to assess internal contamination due to fission and activation products. The present work aims at studying the counting efficiencies (CEs) of the QSWBC taking into account the biodistribution of ¹³¹I, ¹³⁷Cs and ⁶⁰Co in computational phantoms within the scope of occupational and environmental exposures. For this purpose, the age-specific biokinetic models of the radionuclides were used to compute the fractional retained activities in biokinetically relevant compartments. Monte Carlo simulations were carried out in FLUKA to estimate the CEs for these radionuclides considering both time-dependent biodistribution and homogeneous distribution using ICRP adult and paediatric reference computational phantoms for both male and female. The time-dependent efficiency correction factors (ECFs) were derived to investigate the influence of biodistribution of activity on the CEs. The results highlight that CEs are highest for ¹³¹I and most pronounced in the case of organs located in the anterior regions of the body. The ECFs are highest on the first day of intake and then decline, tending towards constant values after ∼10 days of intake. For all the age groups, the ECFs vary between 0.90–2.34, 0.97–1.25 and 0.93–1.56 for ¹³¹I, ¹³⁷Cs and ⁶⁰Co respectively. The age and gender specific ECFs will be useful in reducing the impact of biodistribution of radionuclides on the whole body counting measurements, thereby enhancing the accuracy of internal dose assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gamma spectroscopic investigation of construction materials from Rajasthan, India: Assessment of radioactivity and radiological hazards","authors":"Surendra Degra ,&nbsp;Nitin Kumar Bawalia ,&nbsp;Vijay Pal Yadav ,&nbsp;Raveena Malviya ,&nbsp;Ram Kumar Meena ,&nbsp;Pushpa Meena ,&nbsp;Rajpal Gill ,&nbsp;Shailesh Nath Tiwari ,&nbsp;Sanjeet S. Kaintura ,&nbsp;Pushpendra P. Singh ,&nbsp;Karel Katovsky ,&nbsp;Rajnikant Makwana ,&nbsp;Nabanita Naskar ,&nbsp;Dalpat Meena ,&nbsp;Shailendra Kumar Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focused on assessing the radioactivity of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K, along with their radiological health impacts in cement, marble slurry, and lime (CaO) samples used as construction materials collected from Rajasthan, India. The activity concentrations of ²²⁶Ra, and ²³²Th, with averages of 49.4 and 63.0 Bq kg⁻¹, respectively, were higher than the world average. Consequently, the radium equivalent (Ra_eq) in cement samples was 154.5 Bq kg⁻¹, exceeding the world average of 129.6 Bq kg⁻¹ but remaining below the safety guideline of 370 Bq kg⁻¹. In contrast, the levels of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, ⁴⁰K, and Ra_eq in marble slurry and CaO were well below the world average. Notably, there is no existing literature on the radioactivity of CaO, a primary construction material in India, making this the first study to report on its radiological implications. The various parameters such as hazard indices (H_ex, H_in), level indices (I_α, I_γ), and activity utilization index (I) have been studied in all sample types for health risk assessment and found to be within permissible limits. Cement samples were found to have higher average ELCR resulting from AEDE which is derived from AGDR values in both indoor and outdoor environments compared to marble slurry and CaO samples. Hence, the average ELCR values resulting from AEDE which were derived from AGDR in both indoor and outdoor environments follow the trend: (ELCR)_Cement &gt; (ELCR)_Slurry &gt; (ELCR)_Lime.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112195"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ACORES, a software for fitting efficiency calibration curves including correlations","authors":"Bruno Boyer,&nbsp;Marie-Christine Lépy","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>ACORES is a software developed by the Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB) for the efficiency calibration of semi-conductor detectors. It calculates the efficiency curve from the measurements and analysis of full-energy peaks (position and net area). The adjustment is performed using polynomial functions of the logarithm of the energy or its inverse. ACORES takes into account correlations between input data via the relative uncertainty on the activity associated to each radionuclide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of the 147Pm beta decay spectrum with a 4π Si(Li) beta spectrometer","authors":"Gaël Craveiro,&nbsp;Sylvain Leblond,&nbsp;Xavier Mougeot","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents major upgrades of a custom beta spectrometer, based on a quasi-4π configuration of two large-volume Si(Li) detectors, supporting beta spectra measurements up to 3 MeV. The electronics was modernized and a FASTER digital acquisition system was implemented for independent channel processing. Characterization using a ²⁰⁷Bi source confirmed good linearity and agreement with Geant4 simulations, though energy resolution remains limited by electronic noise. The first forbidden non-unique spectrum of ¹⁴⁷Pm decay was measured and, after a neat coincidence analysis, was corrected for the remaining distortion using Tikhonov unfolding. Discrepancies below 80 keV were identified to unoptimized source preparation, later confirmed by autoradiography. These upgrades enhance the apparatus precision, with future efforts aimed at better resolution, lower thresholds and optimized source preparation. Eventually, a new Q-value of 225.84 (49) keV was determined from the analysis of the Kurie plot.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DDEP evaluation of 40K decay","authors":"Xavier Mougeot","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The long half-life and ubiquitous presence of ⁴⁰K in the environment makes the contribution of this radionuclide significant in any studies of the radioactive background from γ-ray spectrometry to geoneutrinos, and as an aid in the geological dating of minerals. Recent new decay-data measurements of ⁴⁰K have motivated this substantial re-evaluation of the decay data. New half-life and branching ratios are recommended, as well as specific activities for natural potassium samples. Other relevant atomic and nuclear data have also been assessed, and a complete set of these recommended data made available on the DDEP website.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new certified reference material for NORM in mineral aluminium ore (bauxite) – IAEA-493","authors":"Ivana Vukanac ,&nbsp;Bojan Seslak ,&nbsp;Nesrine Mezerreg ,&nbsp;Andjela Tokanovic ,&nbsp;Cherry-May Abraham-Ponti ,&nbsp;Monika Horsky ,&nbsp;Dinka Besic ,&nbsp;Alexander Trinkl ,&nbsp;Jonathan Burnett ,&nbsp;Zsuzsa Lehartne Vizi ,&nbsp;Sandor Tarjan","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The IAEA Terrestrial Environmental Radiochemistry (TERC) Laboratory supports Member States (MS) laboratories in enhancing the reliability of analytical measurement results through the provision of Reference Materials (RM), which can be used for the evaluation of measurement procedures, calibration, and for quality control purposes.</div><div>Radioactivity monitoring in the vicinity of mines, industrial facilities, and waste disposal sites is one of the tasks of testing laboratories, and the Certified Reference Material (CRM) IAEA-493 was produced to support this task at MS laboratories worldwide. Bauxite is a mineral ore used mostly for aluminium production and can be considered as Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM). Processing of bauxite can disturb the natural radiological burden of the environment and reliable radionuclide content determination is of crucial importance for environmental studies.</div><div>TERC is accredited to produce CRMs (ISO 17034) and production of IAEA-493 was in line with the standard's requirements. Sampling, homogenization, bottling, bulk homogeneity measurements, and a feasibility study were conducted in the IAEA Collaborating Centre – Radioanalytical Reference Laboratory, National Food Chain Safety Office, Hungary. Homogeneity and stability studies were performed in TERC. Characterization was performed by gamma-ray spectrometry in TERC and assigned values for ²³²Th, ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, ²¹⁰Pb, ²³⁵U, ⁴⁰K, and ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration were confirmed by results reported from the expert laboratories who participated in the characterization study. Alpha-particle spectrometry of uranium isotopes performed in TERC additionally confirmed assigned values for these radionuclides. IAEA-493 was also used as a sample in TERC's Worldwide Proficiency Test (PT) Exercise in 2024.</div><div>The description of the CRM production and certification of activity concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides in IAEA-493 is presented in this paper.114670.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internal bremsstrahlung in beta decays","authors":"Xavier Mougeot,&nbsp;Gaël Craveiro,&nbsp;Sylvain Leblond","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effect of partially absorbed internal bremsstrahlung photons on the shape of beta spectra, a scenario more akin to experimental reality than the usual assumptions of either full absorption or complete loss. To this end, two theoretical models of the internal bremsstrahlung process were implemented in a custom program: the historical KUB model and a more advanced QED model that includes Coulomb and recoil corrections. Both were validated against experimental data across various atomic numbers. Geant4 simulations were next developed to model internal bremsstrahlung emission during beta decay events for two realistic experimental setups, considering a well-suited radionuclide for each. Results showed a minimal impact on the beta spectrum of ⁹⁹Tc when measured with a cryogenic detector, and a modest but discernible effect at high energy for ³²P when measured with silicon detectors. Sensitivity of the spectrum shape to internal bremsstrahlung effect would require the measurement of approximately 10⁹ events for ⁹⁹Tc and 10⁸ events for ³²P, making experimental detection of this effect challenging. Despite this, the study offers a flexible methodology for assessing spectrum distortions due to internal bremsstrahlung in future experiments involving other radionuclides and detection systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation study of medical isotope production by accelerator induced reactions","authors":"Qiuying Liang ,&nbsp;Tiancheng Lai ,&nbsp;Xunchao Zhang ,&nbsp;Guanghui Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a simulation studies on the production of precious medical isotopes²²⁵Ac, ^223,225Ra,^227,229Th and ⁹⁹Mo via α -induced reactions on ²³²Th using the PHITS code. Bombarding a Th target with energetic α-particles, a secondary high-energy mixed radiation field—comprising neutrons and protons—is generated, enabling the efficient production of multiple isotopes applicable in nuclear medicine as radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Firstly, the production cross-sections of these isotopes induced by α-particles, neutrons, protons, tritons, etc., on the ²³²Th target were simulated, with projectile energies ranging from 20 to 250 MeV/nucleon. Subsequently, a simplified accelerator-driven subcritical blanket (ADSB) system model was presented. This model primarily comprises a water-cooled spallation target (composed of ²³²Th + D₂O) and a surrounding blanket (made of Th), the yield distributions in different regions of the system, as well as the various nuclear reaction pathways to isotope yields were quantified. Thereafter, the energy deposition in the metal thorium target and the water-cooled target, along with the isotope yields, were compared. Finally, the secondary particle flux distributions and isotope yields induced by different accelerated charged particles in the ADSB system were also analyzed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}