Applied Radiation and Isotopes最新文献

{"title":"Quality and origin assessment of pistachio nuts by using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and chemometrics","authors":"Salvina Panebianco ,&nbsp;Germana Barone ,&nbsp;Maria Cristina Caggiani ,&nbsp;Gabriella Cirvilleri ,&nbsp;Claudio Finocchiaro ,&nbsp;Gabriele Lanzafame ,&nbsp;Paolo Mazzoleni ,&nbsp;Agatino Musumarra ,&nbsp;Maria Grazia Pellegriti","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food counterfeiting is an emerging problem worldwide and the increasing consumption of fake products has brought food safety into major focus. In recent years, several analytical approaches were developed to prevent food counterfeiting. Among them, X-ray Fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) is emerging as a fast and simple screening tool for food elemental analysis, with important applications in the agri-food sector. The present work explores the feasibility of using portable XRF device to verify the quality and the geographical origin of pistachio samples coming from different growing areas of Sicily (Italy), including pistachio samples form Bronte and Raffadali districts, recognized by the European Union with the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) label. The XRF spectra and the yields extracted for the main identified elements were compared with each other by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Statistical analysis highlighted that pistachio samples clustered into distinct groups accordingly with their territory of origin, having a different elemental profile. Among the elements, K and Ca appear to act as discriminant markers, followed by Rb and Fe. Potassium mainly characterized the samples originating from Agrigento and Messina, whereas Ca, Rb and Fe the pistachio seeds harvested in Catania. Based on these results, the elemental composition detectable through XRF analysis could be used as a fingerprint to disentangle foodstuffs of different origin and to hinder the occurrence of food counterfeits concerning the branded products, in support of the traceability system. The possibility of assessing quality and traceability quickly, easily and in-situ, gives solid perspectives for a large-scale application of the XRF technique at all stages of the food chain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 111902"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary results from an indoor Radon, Thoron and their progeny survey in Amroha: A district of Uttar Pradesh, India","authors":"Tarun Kumar ,&nbsp;Lalit Rajpoot ,&nbsp;Pramod Kumar ,&nbsp;R.B.S. Rawat","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study on the measurement of ²²²Rn, ²²⁰Rn and their progeny concentration level is very important as they are one of the most impactful contributors to natural background radiation. This paper presents preliminary results of measurements which took place in 51 houses across 12 locations situated in Amroha district of Uttar Pradesh, India. Single entry-based twin-chamber pinhole dosimeters, direct radon progeny sensors (DRPS) and direct thoron progeny sensors (DTPS) equipped with LR-115 red cellulose nitrate films (SSNTDs). All the locations and houses are randomly selected for measurement of the concentrations of ²²²Rn, ²²⁰Rn and their decay products, which are critical contributors to radiation exposure. The average Radon (²²²Rn) concentrations varied between 7.58 Bq/m³ and 52.11 Bq/m³, while the average Thoron (²²⁰Rn) concentrations ranged from 4.05 Bq/m³ to 21.18 Bq/m³. Also, Equilibrium Equivalent Radon Concentration (EERC) ranged from 1.56 to 10.52 Bq/m³ with mean 3.85 Bq/m³ and Equilibrium Equivalent Thoron Concentration (EETC) levels varied from 0.15 to 1.31 Bq/m³. with mean 0.54 Bq/m³.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 111897"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequential synthesis of [18F]FDG and [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE on the AllinOne radiosynthesizer: A fully automated dual-radionuclides protocol with single cassette and reagents loading","authors":"Huiqiang Li ,&nbsp;Xiaochen Li ,&nbsp;Lingyue Yang ,&nbsp;Lijuan Chen ,&nbsp;Chang Fu ,&nbsp;Jianfei Liang ,&nbsp;Zhifei Zhen ,&nbsp;Yirui XuanYuan ,&nbsp;Yongju Gao ,&nbsp;Junling Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111899","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111899","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The development of a unified and efficient protocol for the automated synthesis of PET imaging agents is crucial for enhancing operational efficiency and safety. This study aimed to streamline the sequential production process of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([¹⁸F]FDG) and [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE with only single cassette and reagents loading using the AllinOne 36-valve synthesis module, with the goal of improving hot cell utilization and minimizing radiation exposure for operators. The protocol was designed to allow for sequential synthesis without the need for repeated hot cell access or waiting for radiation levels to decrease, thereby reducing the time and resources required for PET imaging agent production.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our study demonstrated the stability and reliability of the newly designed synthesis protocol. The activity yields for two batches of [¹⁸F]FDG were 73 ± 6.2 % and 64 ± 4.7 % (n = 3), respectively, all with synthesis times about 23 min, and with a radiochemical purity consistently over 96 %. For [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE, the yield was 71 ± 5.8 % with synthesis times about 18 min (n = 3), with a purity exceeding 97 %. The synthesized products met all quality control criteria, including appearance, pH value, radioactivity concentration, sterility, endotoxin levels, and solvent residue.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The single-cassette protocol significantly improved efficiency and reduced radiation exposure. High yields and purities confirm its clinical feasibility, ensuring PET imaging agent availability. This scalable solution enhances patient care by simplifying the production process and meeting the demands of various patients for different PET imaging agents within a single day, demonstrating its potential in clinical settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 111899"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Trap Parameters Associated with Intermediate Luminescence Peaks of Quartz","authors":"S. Mammadov ,&nbsp;M. Gurbanov ,&nbsp;A. Abishov ,&nbsp;A. Ahadov ,&nbsp;A. Ahadova","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research focuses on the thermoluminescence parameters associated with intermediate luminescence peaks in quartz. By employing isothermal decay analysis, TL difference curves, and the initial rise method, we aim to identify and characterize the trap structures contributing to the TL signal. The results indicate that the TL glow peaks do not conform strictly to first- or second-order kinetics, suggesting a more complex trapping and recombination mechanism.</div><div>Analysis of TL difference curves with different Tstop temperatures, obtained by digitally subtracting the residual TL signal, facilitates the identification of three stable Tm stability regions at 145°C, 170°C, and 235°C. The glow curve obtained following isothermal cleaning at ten different temperatures, ranging from 90°C to 170°C, was analyzed to calculate the activation energy using the initial-rise method. The results indicate that the apparent activation energy decreases as the segments of the glow curve are cleaned at increasing Tstop temperature. The findings contribute to a more accurate understanding of TL kinetics in quartz, with implications for dosimetric applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 111901"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of beam shaping assembly for 2.4 MeV electrostatic tandem accelerator-based neutron source for boron neutron capture therapy: A Monte Carlo study","authors":"Minho Kim,&nbsp;Hyounggun Lee,&nbsp;MinSeok Park,&nbsp;Bong Hwan Hong,&nbsp;Chawon Park,&nbsp;Kyeong Min Kim,&nbsp;Seungwoo Park,&nbsp;Won Taek Hwang,&nbsp;Ho Namgoong","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the lithium target thickness and a beam-shaping assembly (BSA) system were designed using Monte Carlo N-Particle version 6.2 for a 2.4 MeV, 15 mA proton accelerator-based neutron source. The BSA components consist of lead (Pb), magnesium fluoride (MgF₂), boron carbide (B₄C), and tungsten (W) used for the reflector, moderator, and collimator, respectively. The specifications (area and thickness) of each BSA part were varied to analyze the characteristics of neutrons passing through the BSA. The system's performance was evaluated based on various indicators, including the epithermal neutron flux, ratio of epithermal to thermal neutrons, fast neutron contamination, gamma contamination, and neutron current to flux ratio. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to determine BSA specifications that satisfied the neutron beam requirements recommended by the International Atomic Energy Agency. The lithium target thickness was determined to be 90 μm, and BSA's performance was confirmed under various conditions. For the specifications that yielded the highest epithermal neutron flux, the epithermal neutron flux at the BSA exit was 8.89 × 10⁸ cm⁻² s⁻¹, the ratio of epithermal neutrons to thermal neutrons was 425.54, the neutron current-to-flux ratio was 0.7, and the dose contaminations due to fast neutrons and gamma rays were 1.20 × 10⁻¹³ Gy cm² and 1.91 × 10⁻¹³ Gy cm², respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 111895"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and biological evaluation of a 68Ga-labeled glucose derivative PET probe [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-SDG","authors":"Xiaofeng Yang ,&nbsp;Gaochao Lv ,&nbsp;Ying Peng ,&nbsp;Qingzhu Liu ,&nbsp;Ling Qiu ,&nbsp;Minhao Xie ,&nbsp;Jianguo Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111893","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Currently, 2-[¹⁸F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([¹⁸F]FDG) has been widely used in clinical diagnostics for tumors. However, its application is hindered by several limitations, including low tumor specificity, the need for accelerator production of ¹⁸F, and complex synthesis procedures. In this study, a ⁶⁸Ga-labeled glucose derivative PET molecular probe, [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-NOTA-SDG, was designed to overcome these issues with the advantages of ⁶⁸Ga-labeled radiotracers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The radiolabeling precursor NOTA-SDG was designed to conjugate the targeting group D-glucose and the chelator NOTA with a propargylglycine linker. [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-NOTA-SDG was obtained by incubation of ⁶⁸Ga³⁺ and the precursor NOTA-SDG at 37 °C for 15 min. The <em>in vitro</em> stability of [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-NOTA-SDG in PBS and mouse serum was studied using high-performance liquid chromatography with a radioactivity detector. The uptake mechanism of [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-NOTA-SDG entry into U87 and A549 cells was investigated by co-incubation the radiotracer with different doses of D-glucose and insulin. PET imaging studies in mice bearing various tumors were performed to evaluate the <em>in vivo</em> tumor diagnostic capability of [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-NOTA-SDG.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>[⁶⁸Ga]Ga-NOTA-SDG was obtained rapidly within 15 min with radiochemical yield (RCY) of ≥98 % and radiochemical purity (RCP) of ≥99 %. The probe exhibited high stability in mouse serum and PBS over a period of 2 h. Cellular uptake studies demonstrated that the entry of [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-NOTA-SDG into tumor cells was mediated by glucose transporters, although the mechanism differs from that of D-glucose. PET imaging results indicated that [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-NOTA-SDG showed high uptake in a variety of tumors (U87, A549, PC3 and A375), enabling clear visualization of the tumors. Moreover, it had lower uptake in non-target tissues compared with [¹⁸F]FDG.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>[⁶⁸Ga]Ga-NOTA-SDG has the potential to serve as a broad-spectrum PET imaging agent for clinical tumor diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 111893"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organ doses, effective dose, and cancer risk estimation from whole-body CT scans in PET-CT imaging","authors":"Peyman Sheikhzadeh ,&nbsp;Mahsa Asami ,&nbsp;Mahsa Shahrbabaki Mofrad ,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Abdolmaleki ,&nbsp;Tara Mohammadi ,&nbsp;Nima Kasraie","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111892","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111892","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The integration of PET and CT technologies has revolutionized medical imaging, particularly in cancer management. However, the associated radiation exposure necessitates a detailed understanding of the risks involved. This study aims to quantify the effective dose (ED) and associated cancer risks from whole-body CT scans in PET-CT procedures.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from 500 patients (226 men and 274 women) undergoing PET-CT scans were analyzed. Two methods were employed to calculate the ED: The Dose Length Product (DLP) and the NCICT dosimetry system, which utilizes Monte Carlo simulations. Organ doses and ED were compared between genders, and the correlation between ED and patient age was examined.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean DLP was 516.4 ± 200 mGy cm, resulting in an ED of 7.76 ± 3.01 mSv using the DLP method, and 6.82 ± 2.56 mSv using NCICT. The thyroid received the highest organ dose, followed by the kidneys in females and the testes in males. A significant decrease in cancer risk with increasing age was observed for both genders.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study emphasizes the importance of considering age in assessing the cancer risks from CT radiation in PET-CT scans, particularly for younger patients. It advises caution in recommending CT scans and suggests exploring alternative imaging modalities while adhering to ALARA principles to reduce exposure. It also paves the way for future research aimed at either eliminating or reducing the CT dose component in PET/CT scans, thereby enhancing the overall safety and efficacy of this imaging modality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 111892"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of Dioscoreae Rhizoma (Chinese yam) flour after high-energy electron beam irradiation","authors":"Gang Wang ,&nbsp;Dan Wang ,&nbsp;Min Huang ,&nbsp;Longju Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111889","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111889","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dioscoreae Rhizoma (Chinese yam) flour serves as an ideal raw material for the food industry and pharmaceutical preparations, with its sterilization and quality preservation being critical for practical utilization. This study investigated the effects of electron beam irradiation (0, 2, 6, 10, and 15 kGy) on microbial population, nutrient composition, bioactive constituents, HPLC fingerprinting, and color in Chinese yam flour. The results demonstrated that a dose of 2 kGy effectively reduced total aerobic microbial count and total yeast and mold count to below the detection limit. The nutrient composition remained stable after irradiation, except for amylose and amylopectin starch: amylose content decreased, while amylopectin content increased with irradiation dose. No significant changes were observed in bioactive components and HPLC fingerprints, indicating that the functional properties of yam flour were well preserved. Although color values increased with dose, the changes were minimal and within an acceptable range for industrial applications. These findings demonstrate that electron beam irradiation effectively sterilizes Chinese yam flour while maintaining its nutritional and functional quality, making it a suitable method for industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 111889"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping of radionuclides for radiological impact assessment in cultivated soil of Punjab, India","authors":"Sanjeet S. Kaintura ,&nbsp;Katyayni Tiwari ,&nbsp;Soni Devi ,&nbsp;Swati Thakur ,&nbsp;Mukesh Prasad ,&nbsp;Dalpat Meena ,&nbsp;Pushpendra P. Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates and maps the distribution of radionuclides and associated radiation hazards in soil specimens collected from the Ropar agricultural region, Punjab, India. A high-resolution HPGe detector was utilized to measure and assess radioactivity precisely. The specific activities of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K ranged from 34.15 to 122.36 Bq kg⁻¹, 58.24 to 176.77 Bq kg⁻¹, and 385.02 to 785.57 Bq kg⁻¹, respectively. Their average values, 49.43 ± 18.65 Bq kg⁻¹, 76.82 ± 28.88 Bq kg⁻¹, and 591.22 ± 105.68 Bq kg⁻¹, respectively, exceeded the corresponding global averages. The quantified radium equivalent averaged 204.65 ± 50.91 Bq kg⁻¹, remaining below the permissible limit of 370 Bq kg⁻¹ but considerably higher than the world average of 129.59 Bq kg⁻¹. All hazard and level indices were markedly lower than the permissible limit of unity. However, the gamma radiation dose rates (Ḋ_in and Ḋ_out), annual effective doses (A_Din and A_Dout), and associated cancer risk levels (ELCR_in and ELCR_out) for both indoor and outdoor environments exceeded the corresponding recommended levels. The contributions of individual radionuclides to radiological indices and gamma doses were analyzed, identifying ²³²Th as the primary source of radiation exposure, while Correlations among radionuclides and hazard indices were analyzed to evaluate their interrelationships.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 111881"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of radioxenon isotopes for nuclear explosion detection using a coincident β/γ detector calibrated by simulation","authors":"H.-D. Lenouvel ,&nbsp;A. Der-Mesrobian Kabakian ,&nbsp;J.-P. Fontaine ,&nbsp;M. Morin ,&nbsp;A. de Vismes Ott ,&nbsp;J. Aupiais ,&nbsp;P. Gross ,&nbsp;S. Topin ,&nbsp;H. Paradis","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111886","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 111886"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}