Applied Radiation and Isotopes最新文献

{"title":"FECSG-ML: Feature Engineering for Nuclear Reaction Cross Sections Generation Using Machine Learning","authors":"Changsong Jin,&nbsp;Tiejun Li,&nbsp;Jianmin Zhang,&nbsp;Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Bo Yang,&nbsp;Ruixuan Ren,&nbsp;Cunhao Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the field of nuclear science, obtaining and utilizing nuclear data, including nuclear reaction data, nuclear structure information, and radioactive decay data, is crucial. Neutron-induced nuclear reactions, particularly nuclear cross sections data, are essential for various applications, including reactor design. The EXFOR database is the only international repository for storing nuclear reaction experimental measurement information and data. However, experimental measurement data are often scarce, subject to discrepancies, or even errors, requiring human evaluation. This process can be prone to biases and significant uncertainties. To address these challenges, this study proposes a novel framework, <strong>F</strong>eature <strong>E</strong>ngineering for Nuclear Reaction <strong>C</strong>ross <strong>S</strong>ection <strong>G</strong>eneration using <strong>M</strong>achine <strong>L</strong>earning (FECSG-ML), which employs machine learning methods to generate nuclear cross sections data, serving as a substitute for evaluating nuclear databases. Given the limited size of the EXFOR database, training a model solely on EXFOR data could lead to underfitting. Therefore, the proposed approach utilizes transfer learning, initially pre-training the model using the ENDF/B-VIII.0 dataset and subsequently fine-tuning it with the EXFOR database. This approach ensures high accuracy where real data are available and enables the learning of characteristics of the evaluation dataset where real data are lacking. Moreover, machine learning techniques are employed to transform discrete nuclear cross sections data into a continuous format, accommodating various isotopes and predicting multiple sets of cross sections data. The framework integrates various machine learning methods and utilizes ensemble learning for result optimization. Experimental results demonstrate that the regression curves generated by the FECSG-ML model align well with EXFOR data points, outperforming the ENDF/B-VIII.0 evaluation database. Furthermore, the nuclear cross sections data generated by the FECSG-ML model are applied in the OpenMC Monte Carlo simulation program to simulate pin fuel assemblies and CANDU reactors, confirming the effectiveness of the model. This study underscores the importance of accurate and reliable nuclear cross sections data and provides a method for substituting the evaluation of nuclear databases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 111545"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142456674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of analytical equations for void fraction in biphasic systems using gamma radiation and MCNP6 code","authors":"W.L. Salgado,&nbsp;R.S.F. Dam,&nbsp;C.M. Salgado","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the development of mathematical equations for calculating void fractions in pipes using gamma densitometry. A traditional measurement setup, consisting of a¹³⁷Cs point source and a NaI(Tl) scintillator detector, was simulated using the Monte Carlo method via the MCNP6 code. To validate the proposed equations, water-gas biphasic models were simulated in tubes with square and cylindrical cross-sections, varying diameters, and radiation sources (²⁴¹Am, ¹³⁷Cs, ⁶⁰Co) through gamma-ray transmission. A comparative analysis with existing equations from the literature was conducted. The void fractions, determined from the transmission photopeak, were in close agreement with the actual values. The proposed equations demonstrated a maximum mean relative error of 0.21% for cylindrical tubes in stratified and annular flow regimes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 111549"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance study of GaN-based betavoltaic nuclear batteries with 3D interfaces","authors":"Tao Gao,&nbsp;Ao Zhang,&nbsp;Li Chen,&nbsp;Jingmin Li,&nbsp;Chong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a design of a 3D interface simulation model featuring an inverted pyramid structure. Our objective is to forecast the performance of <em>GaN</em>-based betavoltaic nuclear batteries with the <em>PN</em> junction 3D interface structures comparing a practical machining process. Initially, we computed the electron-hole pairs (<em>EHPs</em>) generation rate in <em>GaN</em> materials irradiated by both ^<em>63</em><em>Ni</em> and ^<em>147</em><em>Pm</em> sources using Geant4. Furthermore, we employed COMSOL Multiphysics, a finite element analysis software, to simulate the <em>EHPs</em> transport phenomena within the battery and investigate the influence of structural parameters on the output performance. Despite maintaining thicknesses of the <em>P</em>- and <em>N</em>-regions and consistent doping concentrations (<em>H</em>_<em>p</em><em>-GaN</em>, <em>Hn-GaN</em>, <em>N</em>_<em>a</em>, and <em>N</em>_<em>d</em>) as constants, the simulation results revealed notable disparities in the short-circuit current density (<em>J</em>_<em>sc</em>), open-circuit voltage (<em>V</em>_<em>oc</em>), and maximum output power density (<em>P</em>_max) among batteries irradiated with various radioactive sources. Subsequently, we investigated the output performance of the nuclear battery by altering parameters such as the number of inverted pyramid structures, junction depth, and type of radioactive source. Our investigation revealed that selecting ^<em>63</em><em>Ni</em> as the radioactive source, with <em>N</em>_<em>a</em> at 10¹⁷ cm⁻³, <em>N</em>_<em>d</em> at 10¹⁴ cm⁻³, a junction depth of 0.1 μm, and inverted pyramid structures of 25, resulted in the following battery performance parameters: a short-circuit current density (<em>J</em>_<em>sc</em>) of 0.648 μA/cm², an open-circuit voltage (<em>V</em>_<em>oc</em>) of 2.3481 V, and a maximum output power density (<em>P</em>_max) of 1.2949 μW/cm². Substituting the radioactive source with ^<em>147</em><em>Pm</em>, the average short-circuit current density, <em>J</em>_<em>sc</em>, increased to 56.865 μA/cm², and the maximum output power density, <em>P</em>_max, increased to 94.975 μW/cm², It's a significant enhancement in output performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 111543"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural, vibrational, and luminescent properties of pure and Ce-doped magnesium lithium aluminoborate glass","authors":"Allan W.S. Santos ,&nbsp;Iury S. Silveira ,&nbsp;Luiz C. Meira-Belo ,&nbsp;Andrea L.F. Novais ,&nbsp;Divanizia N. Souza","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this work was to study the properties of new vitreous samples of pure BAlMgLi and Ce-doped BAlMgLi produced by the melt-quenching method. The structural and vibrational characteristics of the samples were analyzed using x-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrational Raman spectroscopy, and vibrational Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and thermoluminescence (TL) techniques were also used to identify whether the samples showed a response to ionizing radiation. XRD analyses confirmed the predominance of the amorphous phase of the samples. The Raman spectra revealed that the atomic bonds present in the material matrix are of the pyroborate and metaborate type, enabling stretching vibrations in isolated BO₄ and/or Al–O or Al–O–B units. The band at approximately 810 cm⁻¹ is characteristic of the formation of the boroxol ring, indicating that the presence of other elements in the matrix does not affect its glassy characteristics. The FTIR analyses reinforce the results found by Raman spectroscopy, because bands characteristic of low hygroscopic glasses were observed, due to the conversion of BO₃ units into BO₄ in triborate, tetraborate, and pentaborate groups. This conversion is due to dopant entrainment, which contributes to the high optical transparency of the samples. Their OSL and TL signals were reproducible with intensities dependent on the dopant concentration and radiation dose, with the most intense emissions resulting from 0.5% Ce concentrations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 111548"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analytical approach to optimization of isotope production by bremsstrahlung radiation","authors":"V.L. Uvarov,&nbsp;A.A. Zakharchenko,&nbsp;N.P. Dikiy,&nbsp;YuV. Lyashko,&nbsp;R.I. Pomatsalyuk","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on analytical description of isotope production by bremsstrahlung (X-ray) radiation, an algorithm is proposed for calculating the optimal dimensions of a cylindrical target of given mass positioned at a given distance from a bremsstrahlung converter to ensure the maximum yield of the isotope product. The expressions are derived for the total activity and its distribution along the target axis. A technique of γ-spectrometric measuring the activity of a thick production target is proposed. The novel approach is validated by the ¹⁰⁰Mo(γ,n)⁹⁹Mo reaction induced in a natural molybdenum target by mass in the range 10–100g with the X-ray photons at an end-point energy of 40 MeV. The analytical predictions are in good agreement with the results of Monte-Carlo simulations and experiment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 111547"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TL response of Sm-doped MgO to 60Co gamma radiation","authors":"P.R. González,&nbsp;D. Mendoza-Anaya,&nbsp;L. Escobar-Alarcón,&nbsp;O. Ávila","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The thermoluminescent (TL) response of MgO doped with different rare earths was investigated. The TL material was synthesized by the solution combustion method and sintered at 1173 K; the obtained powders were prepared in pellet form. Before irradiation, the dosimeters were annealed at 623 K for 30 min to eliminate any TL signal generated during their manufacture. Independent tests were performed doping the MgO with Tm, Dy, Ce and Sm. The highest TL response was found for Sm-doped MgO (MgO:Sm) reaching the highest sensitivity for 0.4 mol% of Sm. For this sample, the TL response showed linearity from 0.001 to 500 Gy of ⁶⁰Co gamma radiation. The lower detection limit was found to be equal to 1.17 μGy. The sensitivity of the MgO:Sm prepared dosimeter was approximately 10% the sensitivity of the commercial TLD-100. The TL signal fading was found to be 6% after one month. The deconvolution of the glow curve showed a symmetric peak with a general order kinetics, <strong>b</strong>, centered at 474 K. These results suggest that this new TL material could be a promising detector to use in diverse dosimetry applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 111550"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new insight on the effects of Schiff Base Iron (III) complexes in breast cancer cells for clinical radiotherapy","authors":"Noor Nabilah Talik Sisin ,&nbsp;Raizulnasuha Ab Rashid ,&nbsp;Reduan Abdullah ,&nbsp;Arifah Nazirah Abdullah ,&nbsp;Norhayati Dollah ,&nbsp;Merfat Algethami ,&nbsp;Awatef S. Assran ,&nbsp;Faizal Mohamed ,&nbsp;Wan Nordiana Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Breast cancer is a significant global health concern, and researchers strive to enhance radiotherapy outcomes while minimizing the side effects. Schiff Base Iron (III) Complexes are one of the prospective elements that can be used as radiosensitizer or radioprotective agents in cancer radiotherapy. This study investigates the potential effects of Schiff base (ligand 2; L²) with Fe(III) in MCF-7 breast cancer cells under clinical radiotherapy treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The effects of the Schiff Base Iron (III) Complexes were measured using clonogenic assay with MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The cells were irradiated with megavoltage 6 MV photon, 6 MeV electron and high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy with ¹⁹²Ir source at different doses. Intercellular localization of Fe(III)-L² complexes and antioxidant activities were also investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The Fe(III)-L² complexes were observed to be internalized by cellular nuclei without any effects on the cells. Interestingly, the Fe(III)-L2 complexes indicate radioprotective effects which provide intriguing insight towards application of metal ions complexes as radioprotector in cancer radiotherapy. The Fe(III)-L2 complexes also exhibit scavenging activities of free radical which further proved the antioxidative properties and radioprotective effects.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The Fe(III)-L² complexes show the radioprotective effects and antioxidant properties in MCF-7 cells, particularly for HDR brachytherapy. The findings suggest potential applications of the Fe(III)-L² complexes as radioprotector agents in clinical radiotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 111546"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on a three-dimensional radiation field reconstruction algorithm based on an improved 3D CNN","authors":"Rongxi Ye,&nbsp;Deqing Niu,&nbsp;LinShan Li,&nbsp;Xin Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article investigates the application of an improved three-dimensional convolutional neural network (3D CNN) for sparse data-based reconstruction of radiation fields. Sparse radiation data points are consolidated into structured three-dimensional matrices and fed into a self-attention integrated CNN, enabling the network to interpolate and produce complete radiation distribution grids. The model’s validity is assessed through experiments with randomly sourced radiation in scenarios both with and without shielding, as well as in refined grid configurations. Results indicate that in unshielded environments, a mere 5%(15 points) sampling yields an average relative error of 4%, while in shielded settings, a 7% (21 points) sampling maintains the error around 11%. In refined grid contexts, a 2% sampling rate suffices to limit the error to 6.58%. Thus, the improved 3D CNN is demonstrated to be highly effective for precise three-dimensional radiation field reconstruction in sparse data scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 111540"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alpha-particles induced reactions on natZr as a pathway of medical 90Nb production","authors":"R.A. Aliev,&nbsp;E.V. Artiushova,&nbsp;A.N. Moiseeva,&nbsp;E.S. Kormazeva,&nbsp;V.I. Novikov","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reactions on ^natZr induced by alpha-particles with energies up to 60 MeV were studied by stacked foils method. Production cross-sections for zirconium (^88,89,95Zr), niobium (^{90,92m,95m,95,96}Nb) and molybdenum (^90,93m,99Mo) radionuclides were determined and thick target yields were calculated. The possibility of obtaining ⁹⁰Nb through the intermediate formation of ⁹⁰Mo is discussed. It is possible to obtain 19.6 MBq/(μA·h) ⁹⁰Mo upon saturation, that leads to 4 MBq/(μA·h) ⁹⁰Nb after decay.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 111544"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of excitation function for alpha induced reaction on natural silver up to 40 MeV","authors":"D. Banerjee ,&nbsp;A. Pal","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The stacked-foil irradiation technique and decay γ-ray spectroscopy were employed for the determination of the excitation function of the ^natAg (α, x) ¹¹¹In reaction for the production of the medically important ¹¹¹In-isotope using α-beam of energy ranging from 20 MeV to 40 MeV at K-130 Cyclotron, VECC. Excitation functions for ^natAg (α, x) ^{108, 109, 110}In reactions were also determined up to 40 MeV. The experimental cross-sections were compared with the available literature and theoretical prediction available in TENDLE-2023 database.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 111542"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}