Applied Radiation and Isotopes最新文献

{"title":"Exploration of sorption properties of Greek zeolites for Cs- and U-removal from aqueous solutions","authors":"Filippos Karantoumanis,&nbsp;Panagiotis Tsamos,&nbsp;Fotini Noli","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111995","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study sorption properties of Greek zeolites with significant cation exchange capacity were investigated for the removal of Cs and U from aqueous solutions. The sorption experiments were undertaken at room temperature in the concentration range 25–1000 mg/L using zeolites of different origin and grain size under various conditions (pH, ion and metal concentration, competitive ions). The pH_pzc and CEC were determined, and sorption isotherms were reproduced through mathematical models. The characterization of the materials before and after sorption was performed by XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDS, while leaching and desorption tests were also performed. The results showed that the sorption capacities were affected by chemical composition and grain size and were enhanced with increasing CEC and Si/Al ratio. The significant sorption capacities obtained (48.1–106.4 mg g⁻¹ for cesium and 37.8–190.1 mg g⁻¹ for uranium) demonstrate that these materials are low-cost efficient sorbents and promising candidates in environmental technology for nuclear waste management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 111995"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144290585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and modeling of Cf-252 -based neutron irradiator for NAA: MCNP6 simulations of dose rate and neutron fluxes","authors":"L.B. Fontana ,&nbsp;J. Yu ,&nbsp;M.P. Short ,&nbsp;T. Durak ,&nbsp;E. Lamere ,&nbsp;M.S. Galanek ,&nbsp;A. Safarov ,&nbsp;H.M. Wainwright","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a new design and modeling of a rapid, multiple sample Cf-252 irradiator for neutron activation analysis (NAA) to replace research reactor irradiations, with a particular focus on safety analysis associated with neutron and gamma dose rates in areas typically occupied by individuals. The study utilizes the Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP6) simulation code to assess three different configurations aimed at optimizing safety and operational efficiency. A²⁵²Cf source emitting 5.77 × 10⁷ neutrons per second is considered. Simulations were conducted to determine optimal shielding configurations that comply with established radiation exposure limits. Ricorad™, a borated polyethylene material known for its exceptional neutron shielding performance due to its high hydrogen concentration, was specifically utilized for efficient and lightweight shielding. Additionally, the study examines the distribution of neutron flux around the ²⁵²Cf source to ensure optimal sample placement for ⁷⁵As activation – a key output of planned activation studies. Furthermore, the paper examines practical irradiation applications at this sample position by estimating the measurement time needed to achieve 2000 counts for the ⁷⁶As peak at 559.101 keV in a sample of coal fly ash using a high-purity germanium detector. The overarching goal of this work is to ensure safe and efficient utilization of a²⁵²Cf-based neutron irradiator for NAA, emphasizing the importance of radiation safety while minimizing space requirements and enabling accurate and reliable measurements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 111990"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of mean lung dose with different types of surgery in breast cancer patients during radiotherapy","authors":"Yahya Ali Desher Al-Haidary ,&nbsp;Ahmed Ghanim Glayl ,&nbsp;Sajjad Abbas Khairullah Al-Maliky ,&nbsp;Zainab Hasan Al Regebat ,&nbsp;Dalel Saad Abdul-Zahr","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Breast cancer (BC) is a highly prevalent and significant health concern influencing women worldwide. This is crucial for understanding the impact of breast cancer and developing targeted prevention and treatment strategies. <strong><em>The research aim</em></strong>s to investigate the performance of the 3DCRT model by comparing BCS and MRM plans in terms of mean lung dose.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>A comparative analysis of MRM and BCS treatment plans was conducted to determine the most appropriate strategy for breast cancer, with an emphasis on minimizing radiation dose to the lungs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods and materials</h3><div>Breast cancer (BC) RT was performed for 174 patients’ treatment planning. The treatment plans for BCS are compared to the MRM plans based on mean dose lung and target coverage. To create a 3DCRT plan for Breast cancer, applying 3DCRT in Monaco and evaluating an outcome of Breast cancer irradiation procedure, analyse the main dosimetric parameters of the planned treatment plans for BCS and MRM plans. This study divided the patients into two groups according to the type of surgery breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and modified radical mastectomy (MRM) groups. Each group is also divided into different subgroups according to the dose of radiotherapy given (4050, 4256, and 5000 cGy) and whether the lymph nodes in the axillae and the supraclavicular regions are irradiated or not have been taken into account. Different strategy plans were performed to get the best result according to the size of the PTV. The dose Prescribed for MRM was 4050 cGy, 270 cGy per fraction (270 cGy/Fx), 4256/16 fraction while BCS was 5000 cGy, 200 cGy per fraction (200 cGy/Fx), 4050/15 fraction 270 cGy per fraction (270 cGy/Fx).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The total number of patients in this study was 174 breast cancer patients with ages ranging from 18 to 77 years with a mean age ± SD (49.2 ± 11.5) years, and the results showed the highest incidence of breast cancer among patients in 6th (50–59 years) and they are (29.3 %) and the 5th and 7th decades of life and (23.5 %) each, while the lowest incidence of breast cancer among patients in 3rd decade of life (below 1 %).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 111983"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiosynthesis of [131I]I-Hesperidin: Optimization, physicochemical profiling, and computational insights for targeted radiopharmaceuticals","authors":"Miftakul Munir ,&nbsp;Alfian Mahardika Forentin ,&nbsp;Muhammad Basit Febrian ,&nbsp;Taufik Muhammad Fakih ,&nbsp;Rohmad Yudi Utomo ,&nbsp;Arni Aries ,&nbsp;Wening Lestari ,&nbsp;Edy Meiyanto ,&nbsp;Muchtaridi Muchtaridi ,&nbsp;Endah Puji Septisetyani ,&nbsp;Okid Parama Astirin ,&nbsp;Mukh Syaifudin","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hesperidin, a citrus flavonoid, has been investigated for its potential health benefits, including anticancer. However, the study of hesperidin as a theranostic agent and its cancer cellular uptake is still lacking. Therefore, in this research, we developed radiolabeling methods of hesperidin with Iodine-131 (¹³¹I) for radiotracing and investigating its potential theranostic application. Here, we showed that the radiochemical purity of [¹³¹I]I-hesperidin prepared with chloramine-T in methanol or DMSO, iodogen, and iodobeads as a catalyst were 97.75, 79.08, 78.13, and 49.91 %, respectively. The LogP and plasma protein-binding after 24 h of [¹³¹I]I-hesperidin prepared by chloramine-T in methanol were 0.54 ± 0.02 and 51.01 %, respectively. It was also stable in PBS for up to two days (RCP&gt;90 %). The cellular uptake assay demonstrated the high and rapid uptake of [¹³¹I]I- hesperidin in A549 cells (92.03 % in 30 min), relatively low uptake in MCF-7 (21.30 % in 1 h), and deficient uptake in MDA-MB-231 (3.64 %). Interaction and binding energies of [¹³¹I]I-hesperidin-b toward EGFR, HER2, ERα, and ERβ, were −169.910; −131.574; −152.623, and −184.844 kJ/mol, respectively. Considering that the cellular uptake was the highest in A549 cells among the tested cells, the cellular uptake may be related to both EGFR and HER2 receptors. In addition, the interaction and binding energy of [¹³¹I]I-hesperidin-b toward AKT1 was −150.939 kJ/mol, indicating the potential [¹³¹I]I-hesperidin-b intervention in EGFR/HER2 signaling. Our data suggest that [¹³¹I]I-hesperidin-b is a potential radiopharmaceutical, especially for lung cancers with EGFR and HER2 expression. However, further studies are still needed to evaluate the uptake mechanism of [¹³¹I]I-hesperidin at the molecular level. Hopefully, [¹³¹I]I-hesperidin will provide an opportunity to investigate the biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and its potential as a targeted therapeutic-diagnostic agent supported with beta decay for cancer cell eradication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 111977"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast nuclide identification method based on hybrid dynamic Bayesian network","authors":"Yuhang Zhang,&nbsp;Junjun Gong,&nbsp;Zifu Hao,&nbsp;Junjun Chen,&nbsp;Wenming Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An efficient and precise nuclide identification method is essential in various contexts. This paper treats the detector output pulse events as a sequence of energy event models corresponding to monoenergetic rays and employs hybrid dynamic Bayesian network modeling, grounded in the energy spectrum response of the detector. The results from Monte Carlo simulations are utilized to assess the belief that each pulse event corresponds to different monoenergetic ray energy events. Furthermore, this paper introduces a probabilistic propagation algorithm that updates the prior probability of the particle transport model and continuously refines the parameters of the Bayesian network model according to the information of each pulse event, thereby enhancing the alignment with radiation detection scenarios. Building upon this foundation, the study employs a sequential test method to further enhance the speed and accuracy of nuclide identification. During implementation, this study constructs a noise model based on authentic background measurement data, simulating radiation detection scenarios for single-nuclide, dual-nuclide, and multi-nuclide cases. The results demonstrate that in single-nuclide scenarios, when the relative intensity ratio between background noise and nuclide radiation reaches 1:7, the identification accuracy exceeds 91.3 %. Under conditions where the relative intensity ratio of background, ⁶⁰Co, and ¹³⁷Cs is 10:10:1, the detection rate for ¹³⁷Cs surpasses 81 %, while the detection rate for ⁶⁰Co remains approximately at 100 %. When the relative intensity ratio of background, ¹³³Ba, ⁶⁰Co, ¹³⁷Cs and ²²Na is set to 8:1:1:1:1, the respective identification rates for ¹³³Ba, ⁶⁰Co, ¹³⁷Cs, and ²²Na reach 99.6 %, 99.1 %, 84.4 %, and 81.3 %, with the false alarm rate for non-target nuclides staying below 0.8 %. These findings validate the feasibility of the proposed method and highlight its significant potential in rapid nuclide identification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 111974"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic study of effect of theoretical models on cross sections for natCa(α, x)47,46,44g,44m,43Sc reactions","authors":"A. Saha","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cross section of medically important <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>47</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>46</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>44</mn><mi>g</mi><mo>,</mo><mn>44</mn><mi>m</mi><mo>,</mo><mn>43</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>Sc radionuclides produced via alpha induced reactions on natural Calcium are estimated theoretically using statistical model calculations employing TALYS (version 1.96) code up to 30 MeV incident alpha particle energy. The most suitable level density model, alpha optical model potential and pre-equilibrium model for theoretical estimation of production cross section of each of the Sc isotopes have been investigated and effect of their simultaneous application have also been studied. The theoretical results have been compared to the experimental data taken from literature and the latest evaluations of TENDL-2023 libraries. Such systematic studies are extremely important for understanding the influence of different theoretical models on the production cross section of different radioisotopes and for validation of different nuclear model codes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 111938"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144261361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurements of the high dose rate brachytherapy 192Ir source reference air kerma rate: a retrospective analysis of the single institution results","authors":"Tomislav Bokulić ,&nbsp;Mirjana Budanec ,&nbsp;Iva Mrčela ,&nbsp;Marin Gregov ,&nbsp;Ante Matanić ,&nbsp;Vera Vujasinović ,&nbsp;Mihaela Mlinarić","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work reports on the experiences and results of a single radiotherapy centre in over twenty years of well-type ionisation chamber reference air kerma rate (<em>RAKR</em>) measurements of two models ¹⁹²Ir high dose rate brachytherapy (HDRBT) sources. Quality assurance (QA) programmes worldwide recommend determining the <em>RAKR</em> of sources before being used in patient treatment. The observed discrepancies between the measured <em>RAKR</em> and the manufacturer's stated <em>RAKR</em> were analysed. A systematic analysis of the data was used to calculate the uncertainty budget. Measurement procedures and conditions were adjusted during the time to warrant accurate and consistent results. The <em>RAKR</em> uncertainty budget was estimated by examining all contributions to the model equation for calculating <em>RAKR</em> from measured signals. The mean percentage difference between the measured <em>RAKR</em> and the manufacturer's certificate value of 0.32 % ± 0.97 % was obtained. An analysis of these differences revealed a potential drift in chamber sensitivity over time and a shift in results following the introduction of a new chamber. Nevertheless, all observed differences were within the 3 % tolerance level and 85 % within the 1.5 % level. The overall expanded uncertainty of the measured <em>RAKR</em> of the HDRBT ¹⁹²Ir source of 3.04 % (k = 2) was estimated. Independent determination of <em>RAKR</em> of an HDRBT source is crucial for accurate and reliable brachytherapy treatments. A detailed analysis of the uncertainties associated with <em>RAKR</em> measurements is indispensable for an appropriate understanding of the sources of uncertainty, means of their reduction, and any adjustments needed for clinical QA programmes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 111959"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation into radionuclides presence and radioactivity levels in coastal sediments proximate to the Almirante Álvaro Alberto Nuclear Power Plant","authors":"I. Souza,&nbsp;S. Pennafirme,&nbsp;N. Santos,&nbsp;A. Domingues,&nbsp;A. Silva,&nbsp;I. Lima","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study investigated the concentrations of natural radionuclides [²³⁸U, ²³²Th, ⁴⁰K] and artificial radionuclide [¹³⁷Cs] in sediment samples from eight sites in Piraquara de Fora, Angra dos Reis, Brazil, utilizing gamma-ray spectrometry with high-purity germanium [HPGe] detector from Canberra, carefully calibrated for both energy and efficiency. The mean activity concentrations of <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>238</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>U, ²³²Th, ⁴⁰K and ¹³⁷Cs in the coastal sediment samples were 16 <span><math><mo>±</mo></math></span> 4 Bq.kg<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>, 20 <span><math><mo>±</mo></math></span> 3 Bq.kg<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>, 476 <span><math><mo>±</mo></math></span> 67 Bq.kg<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>, <span><math><mi>&lt;</mi></math></span>MDA, respectively. Furthermore, radiological risk parameters, including the absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose, external and internal hazard indices, excess lifetime cancer risk, and gamma index, were calculated for the sediment samples from Piraquara de Fora. The mean values obtained were within recommended safety limits, indicating that long-term radiation exposure to the local population along Piraquara de Fora does not present a significant health risk from a radiological standpoint.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 111940"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144261359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of LiCoO2+C60 hybrid cathode using neutron and ion-beam profiling methods","authors":"G. Ceccio,&nbsp;J. Vacik,&nbsp;V. Lavrentiev,&nbsp;R. Miksova,&nbsp;M. Drozdenko","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thin films of a hybrid cathode designed for all-solid-state Li-ion batteries (ASSLIBs), based on a combination of LiCoO₂ (LCO) and C₆₀ phases, were prepared by simultaneous ion beam sputtering of LiCoO₂ and thermal evaporation of C₆₀. The sub-micrometer-thick films were analyzed using the Neutron Depth Profiling (NDP) and Rutherford Back Scattering (RBS) methods (in the Center of Accelerator and Nuclear Anlytical Methods – NPI CANAM infrastructure) to measure the depth distribution of lithium, cobalt, and other building elements. Both NDP and RBS analytical methods used provided essential information about the profiling of elements in the hybrid layer and showed the influence of the fullerene phase and the charge collector metal on their distribution. It was confirmed that the presence of C₆₀ leads to the higher accumulation of Li on the surface and their slight but broad decrease below the surface. Uneven distribution was also observed for Co, C and O. After depositing the top current collector, a significant decrease in Li and changes in concentrations of other elements occurred in the surface region. It is assumed that the uneven distributions of structural elements in the hybrid LCO + C₆₀ mixtures are due to the difference in electrochemical potentials of the deposited elements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 111980"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictions of 225Ac and 223Ra production cross sections from p, α and heavy ion irradiated thorium and uranium targets","authors":"Chen Li ,&nbsp;Ya-Ling Zhang ,&nbsp;Zheng Wei ,&nbsp;Yong Sun ,&nbsp;Lei Yang ,&nbsp;Yu-Cui Gao ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Yan-Shi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>—This work studies effective methods for producing ²²⁵Ac and ²²³Ra by bombarding ²³²Th and natural uranium targets with different incident particles. Direct production of ²²⁵Ac via high-energy proton bombardment of ²³²Th inevitably contains ²²⁷Ac impurities, complicating the separation and purification processes. In contrast, obtaining ²²⁵Ac through the generated ²²⁵Ra can avoid ²²⁷Ac contamination. Given the low cross section for the proton-thorium reaction to produce ²²⁵Ra, exploring new methods to improve ²²⁵Ra production efficiency is critical. This study utilized several physical models of the Monte Carlo transport codes FLUKA and PHITS to calculate the production cross sections of ²²⁵Ac, ²²⁵Ra, ²²³Ra, and ²²⁷Th via the bombardment of thorium and uranium targets with energetic protons, α-particles, ⁹Be, and ¹²C across an energy range of 10–800 MeV/u. The predicted cross sections were then compared with existing experimental data. The predictions indicate that the energy thresholds to produce ²²⁵Ac, ²²⁵Ra, and ²²³Ra via α-particle and heavy ion irradiation are lower than those for proton, and the production cross sections are significantly increased, the incident energy corresponding to the peak cross section is mainly below 100 MeV/u. According to the PHITS JQMD-2.0 results, using α-particle bombardment of thorium targets to produce ²²⁵Ra and subsequently obtaining high-purity ²²⁵Ac may be an efficient production pathway. Moreover, when the α-particle energy is below 100 MeV/u, the predicted cross section of ²²⁵Ra for the natural uranium target is higher than that for the thorium target, suggesting that α-particle bombardment of the natural uranium target could be a potential new method to improve ²²⁵Ac production efficiency. This study provides theoretical reference for subsequent experimental cross section measurement and isotope production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 111981"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}