Applied Radiation and Isotopes最新文献

{"title":"Examining the effect of scatter radiation spread in LaCl3:Ce and LaBr3:Ce scintillators under nuclear medicine imaging exposure conditions","authors":"Ilias Anagnostou ,&nbsp;Christos Michail ,&nbsp;Stavros Tseremoglou ,&nbsp;Ioannis Valais ,&nbsp;Konstantinos Ninos ,&nbsp;George Saatsakis ,&nbsp;Athanasios Bakas ,&nbsp;George Fountos ,&nbsp;Ioannis Kandarakis ,&nbsp;Nektarios Kalyvas","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crystalline scintillator materials are used as part of a radiation detection system. Their high atomic number and their efficiency in converting ionizing radiation to optical photons increase the sensitivity of the detector. An important application of crystalline scintillators is in nuclear medicine imaging detectors. In such equipment scatter radiation spread may affect the signal in areas lateral to the initial interaction site, resulting in image degradation. Recently LaCl₃:Ce and LaBr₃:Ce scintillators have been studied as candidates for a hybrid SPECT/CT detector system. The scope of this work is to theoretically examine the scatter radiation of LaCl₃:Ce and LaBr₃:Ce scintillators for nuclear medicine imaging applications, through Monte Carlo simulations. It was found that the higher the thickness of the scintillator the higher the scatter component near its exit, although no significant values were calculated for distances further than that from the central axis point of the scintillator. The highest values were calculated for LaBr₃:Ce under 140 keV irradiation conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 111924"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast determination of 90Sr in urine samples and internal dose evaluation in emergency situations","authors":"D. Arginelli ,&nbsp;M.C. Botta ,&nbsp;S. Ridone ,&nbsp;S. Zicari ,&nbsp;P. Battisti","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During nuclear or radiological emergency, it is important to rapidly identify contaminated people to administer them necessary treatments as soon as possible. A simple method to project and adapt measurement techniques for a mass monitoring of internal contamination based on the concept of “minimum detectable dose” has been developed. This method has been applied to ⁹⁰Sr, as it has a specific significance for spread in anthropic activity and radiotoxicity, so to require a fast, precise and suitable technique for its determination in many biological samples. A chromatographic separation allowed to isolate and measure by gas proportional counting ⁹⁰Sr excreted into urine and to calculate the correspondent intake and committed effective dose within half a day, taking also into account an overestimation of 10 % of total activity due to ⁹⁰Y not eliminated or formed during the measurement. The capacity to attribute values of committed effective dose lower than the precautionary reference level of 10 mSv, which is generally considered safe and does not typically cause health observable effects, has proved the method efficacy, even for a sample collection range larger than 20 days from the intake and for the most dangerous Type S of the investigated radionuclide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 111922"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144114863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DoseCV: Dose coefficient calculation from MCNP simulations with MRCP phantoms","authors":"Válter J. Coutinho Jr. ,&nbsp;Willian K.S. Nakano ,&nbsp;Ana P. Perini ,&nbsp;Lucio P. Neves","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111887","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The level of detail of computer phantoms has increased over the years, thereby reproducing the human body more reliably. The Mesh-type Reference Computational Phantoms are an evolution of those from ICRP Publication 110, and are now available in polygon meshes. Analyzing MCNP simulation results using these phantoms can be time consuming and error prone due to the large amount of data generated by the program. This article then proposes the creation of a software called DoseCV to help process the output data from the MCNP simulations. The POLY2TET tool was used to tetrahedralize the phantoms, and DoseCV was used to process the output data. The results obtained were validated by comparing them with ICRP Publication 116 data. In general, considering the DCs found for the six simulated energies, an error of less than 5% was obtained for 88.9% of the target tissues of MRCP-AF and 76.7% of MRCP-AM. In its actual version, DoseCV can convert tally data into a dose coefficient (DC), equivalent dose conversion coefficient (CC[H_T]), effective dose conversion coefficient (CC[E]), equivalent dose (H_T), and effective dose (E). The combined use of POLY2TET and DoseCV proved to be an effective tool for processing data from the MCNP simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 111887"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aromatic ring tritiation and tritium decay catastrophe","authors":"Crist N. Filer","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During her development of the radioimmunoassay (RIA) in the late 1950’s, Rosalyn Yalow also discovered a curious property involving the ¹²⁵I peptides used in her work. She found that many ¹²⁵I peptides suffered irrevocable damage as they individually decayed. As a result of their altered structures, these non-radioactive fragmented peptides could no longer bind to the biological target and interfere with the non-decayed ¹²⁵I peptide binding. This useful outcome acted to preserve the potency and molar activity of the remaining ¹²⁵I peptides. Yalow termed this phenomenon “decay catastrophe.” Recently, the first documented instance of tritium decay catastrophe for a fully tritiated methyl group (-C³H₃) was reported. In this current work, an example is provided which also extends tritium decay catastrophe to a high molar activity radioligand labelled with tritium in several aromatic ring positions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 111920"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced sorption mechanism analysis of Cs(I) and Eu(III) onto Ni-Fe-Sm fulvic acid: A comprehensive study of kinetics, isotherms, and dual-site binding analysis","authors":"O.A. Abdel Moamen ,&nbsp;G.A. Murad ,&nbsp;A. El-khalafawy ,&nbsp;H.S. Hassan","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sorption behavior of cesium and europium onto magnetic Ni-Fe-Sm oxide incorporated with fulvic acid (Ni-Fe-Sm/FA) was systematically investigated under controlled temperatures (298, 308, and 328 K) in a single-component sorption system. The synthesized composite exhibited ferromagnetic behavior, with a saturation magnetization of approximately 40–45 emu/g, demonstrating its suitability for magnetic separation and environmental applications. Kinetic analysis confirmed that the sorption of Cs(I) and Eu(III) followed a pseudo-second-order model, indicated that chemisorption is the dominant mechanism. Equilibrium data was best described by the dual Langmuir isotherm model, suggesting the presence of multiple types of sorption sites. Further interpretation using four statistical physics models—mono-layer sorption with a single binding site (MSSBS), mono-layer sorption with two distinct energy sites (MSTBS), double-layer sorption with one binding site (DLSMOBS), and double-layer sorption with two binding sites (DLSMTBS)—provided deeper insights into the heterogeneous nature of the sorbent surface. Model parameters revealed that sorption occurred at distinct surface regions with varying affinities and capacities, suggesting the existence of energetically diverse binding sites. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed the endothermic nature of the sorption process, with Eu(III) exhibiting significantly higher sorption capacity than Cs(I), attributed to stronger electrostatic interactions and complexation with functional groups. These findings elucidate the fundamental interaction mechanisms between the sorbates and the Ni-Fe-Sm/FA composite, highlighting the influence of temperature and surface heterogeneity on the sorption efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 111914"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational radiation doses in eye lens and extremities during neonatal cardiac interventional procedures","authors":"Roberto Maryanna Regina ,&nbsp;Neves Juliana Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Cartaxo Jéssica Moura ,&nbsp;Barros Vinícius Saito Monteiro de ,&nbsp;J. Khoury Helen ,&nbsp;Asfora Viviane Khoury","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to evaluate the amount of radiation received by physicians during pediatric cardiology interventions in two health institutions in Recife, PE, Brazil. Twenty occupational doses were monitored under supervision during procedures performed on newborn patients using fluoroscopy systems. The doses to the lens of the eye indicated a higher average dose to the left eye, being 25 μSv/procedure in institution A and 47 μSv/procedure in institution B. The estimated annual dose according to the workload was 6 mSv in institution A and 11 mSv in institution, corresponding to about 30 % and 55 % of the annual limit, respectively. With respect to the doses in the extremities, the professionals in institution A presented an average of 240 μSv/procedure, while in institution B the average was 375 μSv/procedure. The interposition of the left hand to the primary radiation beam was observed in 65 % of the cases evaluated. This study concluded that it is essential to implement improvements in radiation protection practices to ensure the safety of health professionals involved in cardiac procedures in neonates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 111919"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radon escape effect on its progeny's activity in naturally occurring radionuclide decay series","authors":"Cong Wei,&nbsp;Elon Malkin,&nbsp;Thomas Scott","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We performed theoretical research on radon escape effect on activity of its progenies in ²³²Th, ²²⁸Ra, ²³⁸U, and ²²⁶Ra decay series. Based on the research results, we predicted that radon escape does not affect activity of its progenies in ²³²Th and ²²⁸Ra series. However, radon escape does affect the activity of its progenies, except for ²¹⁰Pb, ²¹⁰Bi and ²¹⁰Po, in ²³⁸U and ²²⁶Ra decay series. The theoretical research was based on the Bateman equation. Correspondingly, we conducted experiments to validate the results obtained from the theoretical research on ²³²Th, ²²⁸Ra, and ²²⁶Ra decay series. Experiments on radon escape effect on its progenies in ²³⁸U series were not conducted due to unavailability of adequate ²³⁸U samples. Data obtained from the experiments validated the theoretical predictions for ²³²Th, ²²⁸Ra, and ²²⁶Ra series. The information obtained from the study could be useful for an effective NORM waste treatment. Findings of the study may provide a foundation for applying gamma-ray spectrometry to accurately determine the activity of those decay series.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 111900"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of apigenin, acacetin, and genkwanin on triiodothyronine hormone measurement using radioimmunoassay","authors":"Sakornniya Wattanapongpitak,&nbsp;Suchart Kothan,&nbsp;Montree Tungjai","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111916","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is one of the techniques used laboratory tests for identifying thyroid disease. Apigenin and its derivatives were recently introduced as an effective anti-neoplastic natural substance. This current study focused on the effect of apigenin, acacetin, and genkwanin on triiodothyronine (T3) assays using RIA. A commercial T3 RIA kit was used in this study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The assay was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Briefly, 50, 100, and 200 μM of apigenin, acacetin, and genkwanin were mixed with ¹²⁵I-labelled T3 tracers in tubes coated with anti-T3 antibodies for 2 h at room temperature. These were individually treated independently with ¹²⁵I-labelled T3 tracers. The bound forms were assessed for gamma emission per minute using a gamma well counter. The count values were used to calculate the percentage of bound tracer. The 0 μM of apigenin, acacetin, and genkwanin served as controls.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results indicated that the percentage of T3 bound at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 μM of apigenin, acacetin, and genkwanin decreased compared to the control group (0 μM).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings suggest that apigenin, acacetin, and genkwanin may cause issues when radioimmunoassay is used to determine T3 in blood or tissue samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 111916"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a new steady-state thermal hydraulic and safety analysis code, OpenTHY, for a TRIGA MARK II research reactor","authors":"S. Oulad-Belayachi ,&nbsp;Y. Boulaich ,&nbsp;T. El Bardouni ,&nbsp;C. El Younoussi ,&nbsp;O. El Hajjaji ,&nbsp;B. El Bakkari ,&nbsp;Mohamed Mira ,&nbsp;M. Lahdour ,&nbsp;E. Chham ,&nbsp;Abdelhafid Moumna","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents the development of a new powerful computer code OpenTHY for thermal hydraulic safety analysis of TRIGA type research reactor in the case of one-phase flow around the fuel pins. This code is used for preparing a very detailed thermal-hydraulic model for the Moroccan reactor to study the efficiency of core cooling in natural convection mode and to ensure that the reactor is operating in a safely manner respecting all safety limits. The OpenTHY code has also the possibility to take into account the presence of the Zirconium rod that is inserted into an annular fuel rod, which is essential to avoid cladding failure due to the hydrogen overpressure. The fuel element was discretized into multiple axial sections, with each section further subdivided radially into various subdivisions, covering four distinct regions: cladding, gap, active fuel, and zirconium rod. The active part was divided radially into a significant number of subdivisions allowing for detailed spatial distribution of the power peaking factors in both axial and radial directions. Then, we calculated different thermal-hydraulic safety parameters using the single channel model and specific correlations related to heat transfer coefficients and critical heat flux to determine the temperature profiles of coolant and fuel element in different axial and radial locations, the critical heat flux (CHF) and the departure from nucleate boiling ratio (DNBR) in each axial subdivision of the hottest channel of the core. Additional core configurations were evaluated and the results obtained by the OpenTHY code were validated through a comparison with experimental measures of temperature inside two instrumented fuel elements at various power levels. This study presents also the results calculated by PARET/ANL code. From these output data, the safety of the reactor is ensured in the conditions of natural convection-cooling and the maximum temperature profiles at the cladding outer surface and at the inner surface of the active fuel rod remain largely far from safety limits prescribed in TRIGA safety analysis report (SAR). In addition, the MDNBR presents a value widely higher than the design limit of 1.3 which guarantees the safe operation of the 2MW TRIGA MARK II under normal conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 111885"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of gamma-irradiation for seawater desalination","authors":"A.F. Maged,&nbsp;N.L. Moussa","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a method used for the seawater desalination with low doses of gamma irradiation (up to 1.0 kGy) emitted from Co-60 source. For seawater, the method is based on laboratory measurements at room temperature. The optical and electrical characterization of Mediterranean Sea (MS) coast, Red sea (RS) coast, and sodium chloride (NaCl) solution were investigated. Areas under curve at T = 10–95 % of MS were found 3.7 × 10³, 2.5 × 10³ and 2.7 × 10³ at 0.0 kGy, 0.1 kGy and 1.0 kGy, respectively after filtration which were compared with trap water (TW) which were found to be 1.3 × 10³. The refractive index, n, and the real part, ε_r, of MS-1.0 kGy, followed by porous glass filter at λ = 240 nm decreased to 75 %, and 63 %, respectively. The resistivity of RS-0.0 kGy was increased ∼6 times at 1.0 kGy. The phase angle of RS-0.0 kGy was decreased from 53.0 to 7.0 radian at RS-1.0 kGy. This unique technique of using low-dose gamma radiation for seawater desalination represents a novel application added to other methods, as well as to industrial and agricultural applications, etc.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 111913"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}