Applied Radiation and Isotopes最新文献

{"title":"Shape analysis of microplastic fragments: A computed microtomography study.","authors":"A P Teles, D F Oliveira, R T Lopes","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastic (MP) pollution represents a critical environmental challenge, yet comprehensive characterization of MPs fragments remains an area lack of in-depth research. This study highlights the potential of X-ray microtomography (microCT) to enhance our understanding of microplastics characteristics. Five small plastic Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) fragments, approximately 2.0 mm in diameter, which are secondary in origin and exhibit irregular shapes were analyzed. Through optimized scanning parameters, a voxel size of 6.0 μm were achieved and advanced image processing techniques to improve the visualization of these low-density materials were employed. Morphometric analysis was performed using three key parameters: elongation, flatness, and sphericity, enabling a nuanced classification of the fragments. There is a significant morphological diversity among the samples, emphasizing the necessity of a multi-parameter approach for effective classification. Additionally, microCT enabled the visualization of internal structures, such as cracks, which are indicative of degradation processes. This research underscores microCT's utility in elucidating the complex behavior and environmental impact of MP pollution, while highlighting the need for further studies to refine our classification methodologies and deepen our understanding of MP formation and degradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"112227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145249394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental determination of linear attenuation coefficients using a CdTe detector: application to breast tissue-equivalent materials.","authors":"Juliana de M Nascimento, Fernanda Gouveia P Magalhães, Lorena Cunha Fernandes, Alexander C F Silva, Ademir X da Silva, Josilene Cerqueira Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tissue-equivalent materials play an important role in clinical radiography systems, as they must accurately simulate human tissue in quality control testing. Therefore, precise characterization of these materials is essential for developing reliable phantoms for applications in this field. This study aims to evaluate an experimental methodology for determining the distribution of mass attenuation coefficients (μ/ρ (E)) of materials at each energy of polyenergetic X-ray beams measured by X-ray spectrometry using a CdTe detector. Additionally, as a practical application, various resins were analyzed to identify materials equivalent to breast tissue. The methodology involves measuring X-ray spectra using a CdTe detector in a narrow beam geometry, both incident on and transmitted through materials of varying thicknesses. For each energy in the distribution, an attenuation curve is obtained from the measured X-ray spectra, and the linear attenuation coefficient is calculated. Four reference materials with varying densities and atomic numbers were evaluated for validation purposes: PMMA, aluminum, silver, and copper. The experimental μ/ρ (E) for the reference materials agreed with literature results, with a minimal average relative discrepancy of -0.5 % for PMMA and a maximum of 3.2 % for silver. Among the analyzed resins, at low energies, a mixture of UV resin with 15 % soft resin exhibited a mass attenuation coefficient curve closer to that of adipose tissue compared to the other resins. The methodology presents limitations in analyzing breast tissue-equivalent materials, as breast tissues exhibit very similar linear attenuation coefficient values, requiring high precision. However, its performance can be improved by acquiring spectra with a high number of counts, which reduces statistical errors. This method is effective for evaluating material equivalence in terms of mass attenuation coefficient across different types of tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"112237"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of a collimator design for an epithermal neutron source based on ⁷Li (p,n) Be reaction and 2.5 MeV protons for BNCT.","authors":"Ha Shuai, Eszter Dian, Ferenc Mezei, Péter Sipos, Szabolcs Czifrus","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work optimized the beam shaping assembly (BSA) for a compact accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy (AB-BNCT) system with a 2.5 MeV, 10 mA proton beam incident on a lithium target to generate fast neutrons. MgF₂ and Pb were selected as the moderator and reflector materials, respectively. The collimator consisting of a layer of Pb and a layer of ⁶Li enriched polyethylene is studied in detail. ⁶Li enriched PE has greater impact on neutron flux and the ratio of flux and current, and 2.2 cm is chosen to be the thickness of ⁶Li enriched PE layer. Furthermore, a modular collimator design is presented to adjust collimator diameter from 8 cm to 17 cm with a step of 1 cm for different head/neck tumor size and positions. The in-air beam characteristics meet the IAEA criteria published in 2001 and 2023. The in-phantom dose evaluation shows that, with similar beam characteristics, a larger beam diameter can deliver a higher dose rate and deeper advantage depth, double dose depth and triple dose depth.</p>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"112230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145249329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of thermal annealing on the thermoluminescence stability of SrZrO₃ synthesized by solid-state reaction.","authors":"C E Bracamonte-Estrada, R Bernal, V E Álvarez-Montaño, C Cruz-Vázquez","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work reports on the influence of sintering time on the reproducibility of the thermoluminescence (TL) of SrZrO₃ phosphors synthesized via the solid-state reaction method, using thermal treatments at 1400 °C for 12, 24, and 36 h. The SrZrO₃ orthorhombic phase was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the TL response was characterized after beta particle irradiation. All samples exhibited a similar glow curve structure, with a prominent peak at 252 °C, a temperature suitable for dosimetric applications. The reproducibility of the TL over ten irradiation-readout cycles was strongly dependent on the sintering time. The sample sintered for 24 h showed significant desensitization (24 % signal loss), while the 12 h sample exhibited sensitization (11 % signal gain). The phosphor sintered for 36 h demonstrated the best performance, with excellent TL reusability, showing a variation of only +5.0 % and a standard deviation of 2.3 %, meeting the suitability criteria for practical dosimetry. These results demonstrate that optimizing the thermal annealing time is crucial for developing SrZrO₃-based dosimeters, and that the 36-h synthesis route yields a promising material for radiation monitoring applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"112238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Centella asiatica extract's role in attenuating gamma radiation-induced oxidative stress in male rats.","authors":"Teja Kisnanto, Andhika Yudha Prawira, Devita Tetriana, Darlina Yusuf, Yanti Lusiyanti, Sofiati Purnami, Iin Kurnia Hasan Basri, Harry Nugroho Eko Surniyantoro, Boky Jeanne Tuasikal, Ummu Mastna Zuhri, Enny Nugraheni, Rani Wardani Hakim, Erni Hernawati Purwaningsih, Retno Widowati, Dwi Ramadhani, Sophi Damayanti, Dwi Anita Suryandari","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Centella asiatica (CA), commonly known as Asiatic pennywort, is renowned for its robust pharmacological effects, characterized by potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study aims to assess the efficacy of a 70 % ethanol extract derived from CA leaves in protecting male rats from radiation-induced oxidative stress.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Thirty-two albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomly divided into eight groups. Three groups received different concentrations of Centella asiatica (CA) extract-50 mg/kg body weight (bw), 100 mg/kg bw, and 125 mg/kg bw-for eight consecutive days. Each of these groups, along with untreated groups, was either subjected to irradiation or left unexposed. The experimental groups included a control group, an irradiation-only group (IR), CA extract treatment-only groups, and groups pre-treated with CA extract followed by exposure to 6 Gy of gamma radiation. Twenty-four hours after irradiation, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in plasma, liver, and small intestinal tissues. the efficacy of CA extract in preventing radiation-induced histopathological alterations in the liver and small intestine was also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pre-treatment with CA extract at 100 mg/kg body weight prior to radiation exposure (CA 100 mg/kg bw + IR) significantly increased GSH levels in both plasma and intestinal tissues compared to the irradiation-only (IR) group. Significantly lower MDA levels were observed in the intestines of rats pre-treated with CA extract at all tested doses compared to the IR group. The intestinal villi height in rats pretreated with CA extract and subsequently exposed to irradiation was not significantly greater than in rats exposed to radiation only. However, significant differences in intestinal crypt depth were observed in the groups that received CA extract prior to 6 Gy irradiation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, pre-treatment with CA extract at 100 mg/kg body weight was the most effective dose in mitigating radiation-induced oxidative stress across the examined tissues. These findings support the conclusion that CA extract significantly attenuates radiation-induced oxidative damage, particularly in the intestinal tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"112223"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145249377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of a method for evaluating the performance of radiation-protective eyewear using a radiochromic film.","authors":"Shinnosuke Nishihara, Tatsuhiro Gotanda, Shinya Imai, Tomoyuki Hasuo, Kohsei Matsuura, Yasuyuki Kawaji, Hidetoshi Yatake, Takuya Akagawa, Rumi Gotanda, Toshizo Katsuda, Atsushi Ono","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the directional dependence of GAFCHROMIC LD-V1 (LD-V1) and assess its utility in evaluating the performance of radiation-protective eyewear. To evaluate directional dependence, a piece of LD-V1 was placed on the surface of a semicylindrical acrylic phantom and irradiated with X-rays at angles ranging from 0° to 90° with the perpendicular incidence on the orange polyester surface set to 0° and from 180° to 270° with the perpendicular incidence on the white polyester surface set to 180°. For the eyewear evaluation, six pieces of LD-V1 were placed on a head phantom, and the simulated patient phantom was irradiated for 1 h with and without radiation-protective eyewear at head orientations of 0° and 45° relative to the bed. The sensitivity at 0° was considered 100 %, and the relative sensitivity at 90° and 270° was 44.7 %. The radiation protection rates of the eyewear lenses were 58.7 % and 92.4 % for the right and left eyes, respectively, at 0°, and 80.9 % and 82.2 %, respectively, at 45°. The results demonstrate that LD-V1 is an effective method for evaluating radiation-protective eyewear performance, providing a detailed assessment of the lens radiation protection rate and dose distribution on the face. LD-V1 is suitable for dosimetry on curved surfaces, offering sufficiently accurate measurements as long as the X-ray beam is not parallel to the film surface, where sensitivity significantly drops. These findings suggest that LD-V1 is a valuable tool for practical radiation protection evaluation in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"112236"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145249323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of ulexite content on radiation shielding properties of siderite aggregated concretes.","authors":"Hüseyin Ali Yalım, Ezgi Yıldız Ateş, Mücteba Uysal","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluates the gamma radiation shielding performance of concretes incorporating varying ratios of siderite and ulexite, with a focus on quantifying the impact of ulexite content on shielding efficiency. Since personnel working in environments such as X-ray facilities and surgical suites are routinely exposed to ionizing radiation, the construction of radiation-shielded spaces is both a legal requirement and a practical necessity. To explore their potential for use in such applications, six concrete mixtures with different siderite-ulexite proportions were prepared in accordance with TSE EN 206+A2 standards. The linear attenuation coefficients (μ) of the samples were experimentally measured using a NaI(Tl)-based gamma spectroscopy system at photon energies of 662, 1173, and 1332 keV (emitted by ¹³⁷Cs and ⁶⁰Co sources), and theoretically calculated over the 15 keV to 15 MeV energy range using the Phy-X/PSD code. A strong agreement was observed between the experimental and theoretical μ values. The experimentally determined μ values were subsequently used to calculate the mass attenuation coefficients (MAC). The results demonstrate a clear correlation between the μ values and the siderite/ulexite ratio: increasing siderite content improves shielding effectiveness, while increasing ulexite content reduces it. Overall, concretes containing siderite aggregates exhibit superior gamma-ray shielding performance. Additionally, the Phy-X/PSD code has proven to be an effective tool for predicting the radiation shielding parameters of concrete materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"112241"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145249383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring of natural radionuclides in water samples from LASU aquaculture and water plant.","authors":"Mostafa Y A Mostafa, Hyam Khalaf, Olaoye Morohunfoluwa Adeola, Kugbere Emumejaye, Peter Oluwadamilare Olagbaju, Oyebisola Lawal, Howaida Mansour","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study is to measure and evaluate the radionuclide concentration in fifteen samples of water factory and fishery farm the water treatment facilities and fishponds at Lagos State University's Ojo Campus. After being placed in sterile 75 cl containers, these samples were brought to the lab for gamma spectroscopy-based radionuclide analysis. The activity concentration of potassium-40 (⁴⁰K), radium-226 (²²⁶Ra), and thorium-232 (²³²Th) ranged from 0.027 Bq/mL to 0.141 Bq/mL, 0.021Bq/mL to 0.082 Bq/mL and 0.021Bq/mL to 0.105 Bq/mL, with average value of 0.068 Bq/mL, 0.039 Bq/mL and 0.089 Bq/mL, respectively. All these values were found to be well below the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 0.56 Bq/L for alpha emitters like ²³²Th and the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) safety threshold of 4 millisieverts (mSv) per year for beta and photon emitters, including ⁴⁰K. This suggests that the fish population is not at risk from radioactivity in the water. Additionally, in order to assess any possible health risks related to consumption, the total annual effective dose from the samples was also estimated, and found to range from 4.08 to 15.67 μSv/year with mean value 9.4 ± 3 μSv/year, that falls within the recommended the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommended limit of 0.1 mSv/year (100 μSv/year) for radionuclide ingestion from drinking water.</p>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"112225"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial risk analysis of lignite radioactivity concentrations with GIS and remote sensing (case study of Türkiye coalfields).","authors":"C Bertan Güllüdağ, Ercüment Aksoy, Selin Karadirek, Süleyman Fatih Özmen","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radioactive elements in coals may have high concentrations and could reach higher radioactivity levels when the coals are burnt. In this study, the elemental geochemistry of lignites from Tekirdağ-Karaiğdemir, Manisa-Soma, Kütahya-Tunçbilek, Adıyaman-Gölbaşı lignite fields with high reserves was examined, radionuclide concentrations were determined, and radiological risk assessments were made. The calculated average ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K concentrations were analyzed for 48 samples taken from four sites and the measured U, Th, Pb and K concentrations were compared with world coals, Turkish coals and Upper Continental Crust (UCC). It was determined that the natural radioactivity concentration levels of the Manisa-Soma coalfield could pose a radiological risk. The high concentration of U (41.4 mg/kg) in Manisa-Soma coals and the high concentration of Th (14.9 mg/kg) and K (0.8 %) in Kütahya-Tunçbilek coals have a strong positive correlation with ash yield and their formation patterns suggest the origin of these elements are inorganic. In addition, the findings were analyzed in 7 different classes (Water, Trees, Flooded Vegetation, Crops, Built Area, Bare Ground, Rangeland) in terms of environmental risk factors using Geographical Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing methods using Land Use Land Cover (LULC).</p>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"112218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Groundwater residence time in alluvial aquifer using emanation from Rn-222(²²²Rn) and its health impact in different aquifers.","authors":"P Arjun, Girish Gopinath, T R Resmi, A R Sabitha, N P Jesiya, N Anjali, U Surendran","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluates the spatial and temporal variation of radon-222 (²²²Rn) in groundwater and assesses the associated health risks across the alluvial and lateritic zones of Kasaragod district, Kerala, India. ²²²Rn, a naturally occurring radioactive gas, can dissolve in groundwater and may pose health hazards to humans. Groundwater samples (n = 70) were collected during pre- and post-monsoon seasons, and ²²²Rn concentrations were analyzed in relation to local lithology and associated physical parameters. The study observed significant seasonal variability, with higher ²²²Rn concentrations recorded during the pre-monsoon, reflecting the influence of recharge processes and reduced dilution. Spatial variability was more pronounced in isolated pockets and was closely linked to geological formations rich in uranium and radium bearing minerals. The study employed ²²²Rn as a natural tracer to estimate groundwater residence time in the alluvial aquifer, providing values ranging from 0.2 to 13.1 days. The results enhance understanding of surface water-groundwater interactions and the processes governing aquifer recharge in the area. Health risk assessments were carried out using age-specific dose conversion factors for both ingestion and inhalation pathways. The results indicated that infants receive the highest annual effective dose, followed by children and adults. Despite a few locations with elevated doses during the pre-monsoon season, the majority of the study area remains within WHO's safety guidelines. This research contributes to the understanding of ²²²Rn behavior in groundwater systems and highlights the need for ongoing monitoring to support safe drinking water management and protect public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"226 ","pages":"112222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}