Water, Air, & Soil Pollution最新文献

{"title":"A Review on Biodegradation of Plastics with Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes by Anaerobic Co-digestion","authors":"Penaganti Praveen,&nbsp;Biswabandhu Chatterjee,&nbsp;Debabrata Mazumder","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07799-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07799-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Improper plastic disposal results in biological magnification since the plastics accumulated in the landfills and in the ocean find their way into the food web – getting increasingly accumulated at the top of the Ecological Pyramid. The degradation of plastic waste can be achieved by chemical, thermal, photo, and biological processes. Anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) can be applied to biodegrade plastic waste and the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) while ensuring increased process stability and biogas production. While the anaerobic digestion (AD) or anaerobic mono-digestion of only plastics with high carbon content (higher carbon-to-nitrogen ratio) is challenging, the co-digestion with lower carbon-to-nitrogen ratio organic wastes results in increased biodegradation and biogas production. Pretreatment of plastic waste can surely enhance biodegradability and biogas yield, but further investigation is required to determine the economic viability of various pretreatment techniques available. This review highlights the classification of plastics based on their biodegradability, microbial species responsible for biodegradation, and the changes in the properties of plastics during biodegradation under AD and AcoD. Further, the review delves into the crucial process governing factors that affect AcoD and provides current insights for plastic biodegradation using AcoD.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143481176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress of Solid Waste Red Mud in the Field of Ecology and Environment","authors":"Haiyue Xue,&nbsp;Guozhi Lv,&nbsp;Ting-an Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07815-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07815-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Red mud is a red, slurry-like waste produced by the alumina industry. The expansion of the alumina sector has significantly increased red mud production in recent years. Owing to its complex composition and high alkalinity, red mud poses serious risks of environmental degradation and causes resource wastage if left unmanaged. The comprehensive utilization of red mud remains minimal, with its primary applications limited to building materials, metal recovery, and ecological projects. This paper examines the mineral composition and physicochemical properties of red mud while briefly addressing its associated environmental risks. The ecological and environmental applications of red mud are reviewed, with particular emphasis on soil remediation, catalyst synthesis, and the development of red mud-based adsorbents. After providing a thorough overview of the previous research, we address these issues with respect to the use of red mud in environmental applications. Finally, the future direction of research related to red mud is envisioned.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143481177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metagenomic Studies on Microbiomes Capable of Degrading the Decabromodiphenyl Ether in River Sediments","authors":"Yi-Yun Lao,&nbsp;Shu-Chi Chang","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07793-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07793-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sediment contamination is a prevailing global environmental problem. Sediments in the lower sections of rivers are often contaminated by persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Among the POPs, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) raised deep concerns because of their multiple toxicities and endocrine-disrupting effects. Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) usually occupies more than 90% of the total PBDE concentration in sediments and is not easy to clean up. We have successfully developed the <i>in situ</i> phase inversion emulsification and biological reductive dehalogenation (ISPIE/BiRD) to remediate weathered polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in river sediments. Still, it has yet to be applied to BDE-209-contaminated sediments. Thus, in this study, we tested ISPIE/BiRD’s applicability on the sediments contaminated by BDE-209 in batch and column experiments and analyzed their metagenomic profiles. In the batch experiment, the best-performing group, Group 3, removed 56.5% of BDE-209 in 70 days. In the column study, ISPIE removed 22% and 15% of BDE-209 in the weathered and fresh groups, respectively. In addition, the best performance group for subsequent BiRD removal is the natural recovery group of weathered BDE-209 (WNR), with a total removal of 56.0%. According to the DNA sequencing data, more species and higher diversity in the batch experiment tend to perform better. The predominant bacteria in the column experiment differed from those in the batch experiment but showed similar removal functions. <i>Rectinema cohabitans</i> is the only species positively correlated with the removals in batch and column studies. The results suggested that ISPIE/BiRD is feasible for the remediation of BDE-209-contaminated sediment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gaseous Elemental Mercury (GEM) in Ambient Air in Malaysia and its Health Risk Assessment","authors":"Mohd Shahrul Mohd Nadzir,&nbsp;Tan Mei Shin,&nbsp;Alvin Chua,&nbsp;Mohd Zaim Mohd Nor,&nbsp;Muhamad Ikram A. Wahab,&nbsp;Tay Kheng Soo,&nbsp;Mohd Aftar Abu Bakar,&nbsp;Noratiqah Mohd Ariff,&nbsp;Mohd Fadzil Firdzaus Mohd Nor","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07797-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07797-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant that poses significant risks to human health and ecosystems. In its dominant atmospheric form, gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), it can travel long distances, contributing to widespread environmental contamination. This study investigates GEM levels in ambient air across urban, suburban, rural, and industrial areas in Peninsular Malaysia using both in situ and continuous measurement methods. Results show GEM concentrations ranging from a minimum of 4.8 to a maximum of 28.9 ng m⁻3, with the highest levels observed in industrial areas such as Pasir Gudang (28.9 ng m⁻3) and Shah Alam (18.6 ng m⁻3). Health risk assessments (HRA), conducted for different age groups, indicated that GEM concentrations were below the threshold for non-carcinogenic health risks (HQ &lt; 1). These findings highlight the urgent need for long-term monitoring to assess mercury pollution and inform Malaysia’s commitment to the Minamata Convention. The study underscores the importance of continuous GEM monitoring to bridge knowledge gaps in mercury’s spatial and temporal distribution, especially in tropical regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioavailability and Speciation of Potentially Toxic Trace Metals in Limestone-Derived Soils in a Karst Region, Southwestern China","authors":"Ying Wang,&nbsp;Jing Jing,&nbsp;Yuyang Li,&nbsp;Yongxiang Zhang,&nbsp;Yizhang Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07811-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07811-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soils developed on carbonates are susceptible to geogenic enrichment of potentially toxic trace metals (TMs) and thus present potential risks to the ecosystem and population. Clarifying factors that influence the bioavailability of TMs is crucial for soil risk control. This study aimed to investigate the bioavailability and speciation of TMs in limestone-derived soils in southwestern China where a large area was recognized as high geochemical background. The total, bioavailable content and speciation of TMs were analyzed by acid digestion, single and sequential extraction, respectively. The results showed that high contents of TMs in the acid-insoluble limestone residues resulted in the geogenic enrichment of Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn in soils. The risk assessment results showed that the ecological risks of TMs in the studied soils were low, except Cd. The DTPA extraction showed that the bioavailability of Pb and Cu was higher than Cr, Ni, and Zn, and the bioavailability of Pb and Cu in paddy soils was twice as high as in upland soils. In paddy soils, Cr, Ni and Zn reside in residual and Fe-oxides bound fractions, Cu and Pb are primarily hosted by residual, organically and Fe–Mn oxides bound fractions. Additionally, the mobility and bioavailability of Cu and Pb increased towards the surface. Soil organic matter is identified as a critical factor influencing the bioavailability of Pb and Cu. These findings highlight the potential risks of mobilizing geogenic TMs induced by organic matter in paddy soils.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Insight into Potassium Ferrate Enhancing the Production of Volatile Fatty Acids by Co-Fermentation of Excess Sludge and Plant Waste","authors":"Yongliang Wang,&nbsp;Kang Wang,&nbsp;Xiaohui Zhou,&nbsp;Bin Dai,&nbsp;Daozhong Du","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07814-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07814-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Excess sludge (ES) and plant waste (PW) are two typical organic solid wastes in urban areas, and their co-fermentation is one of the key strategies in the circular economy. This study innovatively investigated the impact of the oxidant potassium ferrate (PF) on the anaerobic co-fermentation of ES and PW for the production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. The results indicated that PF could enhance the co-fermentation of ES and PW to produce VFAs, with an optimal dosage of 0.06 g/g (based on total suspended solids), yielding a maximum VFAs production of 261 mg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/g volatile suspended solids (VSS), which is 2.1 times that of the control group. High doses of PF inhibited microbial metabolism, reducing VFAs production, but still higher than the control group. PF effectively promoted the solubilization of organic matter in the ES and PW co-digestion system, increasing the concentrations of soluble COD, soluble protein, and soluble polysaccharides, with higher PF concentrations leading to more significant solubilization of available organic matter. PF increased the content of loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) but decreased the content of tightly bound EPS. The oxidizing nature of PF suppressed the production of biogas, with only 99.5 mL/g VSS produced in the 0.08 g/g PF group. PF stimulated the concentration of ammonium nitrogen in the fermentation liquid of the co-digestion system but decreased the concentration of soluble phosphate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalytic Degradation of Polyethylene, Polypropylene, and Sulfathiazole Using a UV/TiO2/Oxidant System","authors":"Vikash Singh,&nbsp;Seon Yeong Park,&nbsp;Jun Ho Choi,&nbsp;Chang Gyun Kim","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07805-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07805-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Photocatalysis is widely acknowledged as an efficient technique for degrading a variety of pollutants, such as antibiotics, pesticides, herbicides, and microplastics. In this study, the micro-sized TiO₂ photocatalyst with the oxidizing agents (H₂O₂, periodate, and oxone) was investigated for the degradation of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and sulfathiazole (STZ). Firstly, the photocatalytic activity of synthesized TiO₂ was evaluated by the decomposition of STZ (~ 94% within 30 min), and then the microplastic degradation experiments were conducted. The changes before and after the experiment were characterized using SEM, FTIR, and XPS. The weight loss for PE under the different combinations of experiments was UV (0%), UV/TiO₂ (∼5.7%), UV/TiO₂/H₂O₂ (∼17%), UV/TiO₂/Periodate (∼16%), and UV/TiO₂/Oxone (∼13.4%). The PP globules (~ 4 mm) did not have a significant impact on weight loss due to their large particle size and high rigidity. Meanwhile, PE showed improved weight loss due to a smaller particle size of ~ 20–100 µm. SEM images confirmed the degradation of the PE was significant while only a few surface modifications can be observed for PP. FTIR analysis revealed changes in carbonyl groups of PE and PP, including ketones (1720 cm⁻¹), acids (1718 cm⁻¹), esters (1735 cm⁻¹), and vinyl groups (1650 cm⁻¹). The synergy between the oxidants and the photocatalyst unquestionably enhanced the oxidation of the microplastics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11270-025-07805-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Investigation of Microplastic Contamination and Polymer Toxicity in Farmed Shrimps; L. vannamei and P. monodon","authors":"Yureshi Umanda Jayaweera,&nbsp;Hennayaka Mudiyanselage Amasha Induwari Hennayaka,&nbsp;Herath Mudiyanselage Lalinka Priyashan Bandara Herath,&nbsp;Gajanayake Mudalige Pradeep Kumara,&nbsp;Mahagama Gedara Yohan Lasantha Mahagamage,&nbsp;Undugodage Dulanjali Rodrigo,&nbsp;Danushika Charyangi Manatunga","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07800-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07800-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microplastic (MP) pollution poses a significant threat to marine ecosystems, seafood safety, and human health. This study investigates the accumulation of microplastics in two commercially important shrimp species, <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> (<i>L. vannamei</i>) and <i>Penaeus monodon</i> (<i>P. monodon</i>), sourced from cluster farming sites in Puttalam, Sri Lanka. Shrimp exoskeletons and edible soft tissues underwent rigorous microplastic analysis, including density separation, alkali digestion, stereo microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The results revealed high microplastic contamination, with <i>L. vannamei</i> containing an average of 4.99 ± 1.81 MP particles/g and <i>P. monodon</i> containing 1.87 ± 0.55 MP particles/g. Microplastic sizes varied, with <i>L. vannamei</i> predominantly contaminated with 100–250 µm particles and <i>P. monodon</i> with 500 µm—1000 µm particles. Fiber morphotypes were prevalent in <i>L. vannamei</i>, while blue-colored microplastics were dominant in <i>P. monodon</i>. These comprised polystyrene (PS), nylon 6,6, and polyethylene (PE) which were identified by Raman spectroscopy. Additionally, the study investigated the acute toxicity effects of microplastic polymer combinations using a zebrafish embryo model (FET236 assay). Zebrafish embryos exposed to polyethylene-nylon 6,6 combinations exhibited significant adverse effects on hatching, survival, and heart function at lower concentrations, while polyethylene terephthalate-polystyrene combinations showed no considerable effects. These findings underscore the urgent need for monitoring and managing microplastic contamination in shrimp farming areas. Future research should focus on elucidating the ecological impacts and human health risks associated with microplastic exposure.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Machine-Learning Framework for the Spatial Distribution Modeling of Potentially Toxic Elements in Urban and Peri-Urban Soils","authors":"A. R. Suleymanov,&nbsp;A. A. Kulagin,&nbsp;R. R. Suleymanov","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07791-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07791-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite significant advances in knowledge about the spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), the accurate determination them in urban areas remains a challenge due to multiple sources. We investigated concentrations and spatial patterns for six PTEs, namely Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd and As in the top layer of urban and peri-urban soils. The study was conducted on the territory of the Ufa city (Russia), with a population of more than 1 million people and an area of more than 700 km². For these purposes, a total of 250 soil samples were collected at 0–20 cm depth. Random Forest algorithm, in combination with environmental and anthropogenic variables, was applied for the spatial prediction of PTEs. The covariates were represented by distance from river, topographic attributes, remote sensing data, geology and soil properties, distance from highways and railroads, their density, distance from combined heat and power, and refineries. Results showed that Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd and As contents ranged from 1 to 98.1 mg/kg, 1.5 to 360 mg/kg, 1.7 to 110 mg/kg, 1 to 336 mg/kg, 0.2 to 1 mg/kg, and 0.1 to 7.4 mg/kg, respectively. The average values of elements did not exceed the maximum and approximate permissible concentrations (MPC, APC). Terrain and anthropogenic-related covariates were estimated as the most important predictors. The generated maps revealed geographic trends and hotspot concentrations of Pb, Cu, Ni and Zn. Our findings and generated maps can provide useful information for future digital soil mapping of PTEs in urban areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Groundwater Quality and Contamination Hazardous using Water Quality Index and Physicochemical Analysis in Assiut Governorate, Upper Egypt","authors":"Nassar W.O,&nbsp;Rasha Hosny,&nbsp;Mohammed Ghareeb,&nbsp;Hany F. Abd-Elhamid,&nbsp;Martina Zelenáková,&nbsp;Manal Gad","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07789-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07789-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The main water resources for Egypt are the River of the Nile and groundwater. Evaluating and assessing these vital resources is crucial for liable usage and meeting the growing demand for water. In Assiut area, groundwater stands as the second most significant freshwater source, serving all sectors including industrial sector, agricultural sector, and lastly domestic sector. Unfortunately, the groundwater in Assiut governorate face the imminent threat of contamination, primarily due to agricultural and other activities. A hydrochemical investigation was conducted graphically and spatially within GIS environment in the limestone Eocene aquifer of the designated study area. This research involved the collection and analysis of twelve groundwater samples to realize the physiochemical characteristics, providing insights into the hydrochemistry of the water. The assessment of water quality involved evaluating 16 parameter and comparing them to drinking water and irrigation standards set by both the Organization of World Health (WHO) and the Egyptian Specifications (ES). In this study 8 main parameters are selected due to their importance which are; Electrical Conductivity (EC), pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Nitrate (NO3-) and Fluoride (F-). The analysis indicates that the groundwater is not entirely suitable for drinking, particularly concerning TDS, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Total Organic Carbon (TOC). In certain samples, the parameters concentrations surpass the allowable limits defined by both WHO and ES. This is due to the increase in domestic and industrial wastewater discharge the stretch, as well as other harmful anthropogenic activities, and human interventions. GIS-based spatial analysis successfully identified vulnerable areas where groundwater contamination is most severe. Elevated levels of TDS, COD, and TOC were found in several locations, posing risks for domestic use and irrigation. The Piper diagram analysis indicated that the predominant water type is calcium-chloride-bicarbonate, suggesting groundwater is influenced by precipitation and water–rock interactions with carbonate rocks. The Water Quality Index (WQI) analysis was applied, showing that the northern part near the New Assiut Barrage (samples 10 and 11) exhibits a high degree of contamination, making the water unsuitable for drinking according to WHO and Egyptian standards. The findings of this study could help the policymakers to take the suitable action to protect people and animals’ health form contaminated water.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11270-025-07789-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}