Trees最新文献

{"title":"Nutrient distribution and bioaccumulation in silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) biomass grown in nutrient-poor soil","authors":"Beata Rustowska","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02492-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02492-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p><b>Silver birch growing on extremely nutrient-poor stands of inland dunes was characterized by low contents of these nutrients in its biomass. The nutrient accumulation also depended on its age.</b></p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Silver birch (<i>B. pendula)</i> often colonizes inland dunes, as geomorphologically sensitive and unstable environments. Considering its importance in the protection of ecosystems associated with such landforms, we aimed to evaluate the nutrient distribution and bioaccumulation in the organs of that tree. The study covered three stands, aged 12, 20, and 34 years. Ten average trees were sampled from each stand, including fine and coarse roots, stemwood, bark, coarse and fine branches, and leaves along with soil samples at depths of 0–10, 10–20, 20–40, and 40–80 cm. The contents of macro- and micronutrients were analyzed in collected soil and biomass samples. The soils were strongly acidic and very poor in the studied elements. The nutrient distribution in the birch biomass was highly variable. For most of the elements, the highest contents were recorded in leaves. The highest amounts of Fe were found in fine roots, while Mn and Zn were the most abundant in the bark. Wide variability was also apparent in the bioaccumulation factors. These were usually the highest in the leaves or bark and the lowest in the stemwood. Among the studied elements, N was the most bioaccumulated, followed by S, Zn, Cu, Mn, and P. Nutrient distribution in the birch biomass was typical for tree species. Nutrient levels were generally low, however, significantly higher than their concentrations in the soil, indicating a strong bioaccumulation. The relationship between nutrient accumulation and stand age was observed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 2","pages":"441 - 454"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00468-024-02492-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139759613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Covering young avocado ‘Hass’ trees with high-density shading nets during the winter mitigates frost damage and improves tree performance","authors":"Michal Lahak,&nbsp;Eitan Alon,&nbsp;Assaf Chen,&nbsp;Lior Rubinovich","doi":"10.1007/s00468-023-02485-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-023-02485-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>Covering young ‘Hass’ trees with Silver 60% shading nets during cold winters mitigates frost damage and improves tree performance, apparently through a mechanism other than increasing nighttime air temperature.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Avocado is a commercially important subtropical evergreen fruit tree. Severe frost may damage foliage, floral buds, flowers and fruit, thereby reducing avocado crop yield and restricting its geographical distribution and expansion. Shading nets are frequently used to protect agricultural crops from climate-related damage. To determine their ability to mitigate frost damage, Silver 60% shading nets were deployed over young ‘Hass’ trees during two consecutive winters and uncovered trees served as controls. Freezing and chilling temperatures occurred in the experimental orchard during the winter of each year, from December to March, reaching − 2.49 ℃ in January 2022. In the control, 93% of the examined floral buds were severely damaged compared to 4% in the Silver 60% trees. Damage to young vegetative shoots was assessed at 4.35 out of 5 in the control compared to 0.5 out of 5 in the Silver 60% trees. In both years, minimum air temperatures under the Silver 60% shading nets were similar to those of the control. Leaf-level photosynthetic photon flux density was ~ 60% lower under the shading nets. In most measurements, CO₂-assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and chlorophyll concentration in the leaves of the Silver 60% trees were higher than, or similar to the controls. Trunk diameter and flowering intensity of the Silver 60% trees were higher than for the control. These results indicate that covering young ‘Hass’ trees with Silver 60% shading nets during cold winters can mitigate frost damage and improve tree performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 2","pages":"327 - 338"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00468-023-02485-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139759684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity and population structure in natural populations of Toona ciliata in the Uttarakhand state of Himalaya","authors":"Neha,&nbsp;Rama Kant,&nbsp;Maneesh S. Bhandari,&nbsp;Rajendra K. Meena,&nbsp;Rajeev Shankhwar","doi":"10.1007/s00468-023-02487-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-023-02487-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Indian Mahogany (<i>Toona ciliata</i>, Family: Meliaceae) is a fast-growing and multi-purpose timber species. The species is well adapted to sub-tropical climates and generally grows in moisture-prone areas. It is frequently naturalized throughout the western sub-Himalayan tract, valleys of the outer Himalayas, and Eastern and Western Ghats and also cultivated on a fairly large scale in the plains of India, but no information about SSR-based genetic diversity and population structuring of <i>T. ciliata</i> in the Indian context has been available till now. Notably, population genetic analysis of <i>T. ciliata</i> is important for its long-term conservation, management, and genetic improvement programs. Thus, the present study was conducted to characterize natural populations of <i>T. ciliata</i> using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. In total, 444 individuals collected from 15 distant geographical locations in the western Himalayas were analyzed with 10 SSR loci. A total of 71 alleles were generated, with a mean of seven alleles, which ranged from 4 to 12 alleles for individual marker loci. Overall, a low level of genetic diversity (mean He = 0.315, range = 0.251–0.366) and high genetic differentiation (F_ST = 0.338) were recorded for the analyzed populations. Genetic clustering and STRUCTURE analysis revealed a strong genetic structure where most analyzed populations were grouped into two major clusters, indicating the existence of two gene pools. Further, the partitioning of genetic variance was significant (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) which revealed 34% of genetic variance among the populations. The Mantel test was used to estimate the genetic distance in relation to horizontal and altitudinal geographical distance, but a non-significant correlation was obtained. The results indicated that genetic distance between populations is not influenced by horizontal and altitudinal geographical distance. Overall, the study on population genetic analysis of <i>T. ciliata</i> will be of paramount importance to the researchers, foresters, and policymakers for guiding future conservation decisions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 2","pages":"357 - 372"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139679825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different patterns of inter-annual variability in mean vessel area and tree-ring widths of beech from provenance trials in Slovenia and Hungary","authors":"Jožica Gričar,&nbsp;Domen Arnič,&nbsp;Luka Krajnc,&nbsp;Peter Prislan,&nbsp;Gregor Božič,&nbsp;Marjana Westergren,&nbsp;Csaba Mátyás,&nbsp;Hojka Kraigher","doi":"10.1007/s00468-023-02476-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-023-02476-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>Studied beech provenances showed different patterns of inter-annual variability in mean vessel area and ring widths, indicating influence of intraspecific variability and diverse environment on hydraulic conductivity and carbon storage potential.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>International provenance trials of ecologically and economically important tree species are crucial to deciphering the influence of environmental factors and intraspecific variability on tree growth and performance under climate change to guide assisted gene flow and assisted migration of tree provenances and species. In this context, we compared inter-annual trends in tree-ring widths (carbon sequestration potential) and vessel characteristics (conductivity optimisation) of four beech provenances in two international provenance trials, one in Slovenia (Kamenski hrib, a core beech growing site) and one in Hungary (Bucsuta, a marginal beech site) in 2009–2019. We found different patterns of inter-annual variability in mean vessel area and tree-ring widths among provenances and sites, pointing to diverse genetic background and environmental influence on these two wood-anatomical traits. The average values of the vessel area varied less between provenances at Kamenski hrib than at Bucsuta. Weather conditions differently affected tree-ring width and mean vessel area. Furthermore, the length of the period of response of vessel area to the analysed weather conditions differed in summer and winter periods. The differences in the mean vessel area within the tree ring were more pronounced in the weather-wise extreme years, regardless of the provenance. Consistent with previous studies, we confirmed that site conditions affect the climate sensitivity of trees, which is more pronounced at marginal sites or in extreme years. The findings on how different environmental conditions affect the radial growth of young beech trees of different origin are very important for future forest management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 1","pages":"179 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00468-023-02476-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139646147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explant age and genotype drive the somatic embryogenesis from leaf explants of Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart. (Arecaceae), an alternative palm crop for oil production","authors":"Ana Paula de Souza Andrade,&nbsp;Sérgio Yoshmitsu Motoike,&nbsp;Kacilda Naomi Kuki,&nbsp;Vanessa de Queiroz,&nbsp;Débora Durso Caetano Madeira,&nbsp;Manuela Maria Cavalcanti Granja,&nbsp;Ana Cláudia Ferreira da Cruz,&nbsp;Edgard Augusto de Toledo Picoli,&nbsp;Thais Roseli Corrêa,&nbsp;Diego Ismael Rocha","doi":"10.1007/s00468-023-02484-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-023-02484-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>A complete system of regeneration, via somatic embryogenesis, from the in vitro culture of leaflets explants of young <i>A. aculeata</i> donor-plants has been reported.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>In the present study, a complete regeneration protocol of <i>Acrocomia aculeata</i> (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart., via somatic embryogenesis is reported, and the influence of the genotype and its age on the induction of the embryogenic process determined. Leaflets explants of 4 genotypes, aged 2 and 5 years, were inoculated in the induction medium consisting of salts and vitamins Y3 supplemented with different concentrations of picloram (9.0, 18.0 and 36.0 µM). In the control, no plant growth regulators were added. Picloram concentrations of 18.0 and 36.0 µM induced greater formation of embryogenic calluses in all genotypes studied. However, 2-year-old genotypes had higher percentages of embryogenic calluses. In addition, at the highest concentration of picloram (36.0 µM), 5-year-old genotypes had the highest oxidation rates. Differentiation of somatic embryos was observed in medium supplemented with 9.0 and 18.0 µM picloram and 1 mM putrescine. However, at a concentration of 9.0 µM, the somatic embryos showed a high degree of fusion. Embryogenic lines were only obtained in medium supplemented with 18.0 µM picloram and 1 mM putrescine. Histochemical analysis showed the presence of pectins in embryogenic cultures and starch grains in peripheral regions of embryogenic calluses, which were not directly involved in regeneration. Somatic embryos were converted into plantlets after 90 days in germination medium containing 0.54 µM NAA, 1 mM putrescine and 3.0 g L⁻¹ activated charcoal, highlighting the potential of the propagation system proposed here for clonal propagation of <i>A. aculeata.</i></p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 2","pages":"315 - 326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139646148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bedrock: the hidden water reservoir for trees challenged by drought","authors":"Andrea Nardini,&nbsp;Martina Tomasella,&nbsp;Sara Di Bert","doi":"10.1007/s00468-023-02482-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-023-02482-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>Bedrock can store appreciable amounts of available water, and some trees apparently use this resource to survive drought.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Several forest ecosystems rely on only shallow soil layers overlying more or less compact bedrock. In such habitats, the largest water reservoir can be represented by rock moisture, rather than by soil water. Here, we review evidence for the presence of water available for root water uptake in some rock types, and show examples of the physiological and ecological roles of rock moisture, especially when trees are facing drought conditions. The possible magnitude of rock–root water exchanges is discussed in the frame of current knowledge of rock, soil, and root hydraulic properties. We highlight several areas of uncertainty regarding the role of rock moisture in preventing tree hydraulic failure under drought, the exact pathway(s) available for rock–root water exchange, and the relative efficiencies of water transport in the different compartments of the rock–soil–root continuum. Overall, available experimental evidence suggests that bedrock water should be incorporated into any model describing the forest seasonal water use and tree responses to drought.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 1","pages":"1 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00468-023-02482-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139553915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The contribution of acorn and soil N to early development of Chinese cork oak (Quercus variabilis Blume) seedlings under contrasting soil fertility conditions","authors":"Kaifen Zhao,&nbsp;Pedro Villar-Salvador,&nbsp;Guolei Li","doi":"10.1007/s00468-023-02481-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-023-02481-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Several studies have addressed the role of soil fertility on acorn N remobilization during seedling growth, but have focused on very early development stages or have assessed remobilization at a coarse grain ontogenetic scale making it difficult to know the precise time when seedlings switch from acorn N to soil N use. We cultivated <i>Quercus variabilis</i> seedlings under two distinct soil N fertility and assessed their growth, acorn N remobilization, and absorption of soil N at five distinct development stages, spanning from the incipient shoot emergence to the completion of the second flush of growth. Acorn N contributed more to seedling N content than soil N at all development stages. Seedlings began to uptake substantial amounts of soil N after the completion of leaf expansion during the first shoot flush of growth, coinciding with a fine root area that reached 50% of the maximum value observed at the end of the study. Roots became less dependent on acorn N before shoots. Soil fertility, rather than seedling growth rate, determined soil N uptake after the completion of leaf expansion in the first shoot flush of growth. We conclude that the acorn is the primary N source for <i>Q. variabilis</i> seedlings until the completion of the first shoot flush of growth. Soil fertility does not significantly affect either the amount of N remobilized from acorns or the switch from acorn N to massive soil N use, suggesting a minimal effect of forest microhabitat fertility on acorn N utilization by <i>Q. variabilis</i> seedlings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 1","pages":"251 - 261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139516743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical stage temperatures in early spring modulate the growing season onset of Pinus tabuliformis in Shenyang","authors":"Ying Zhao,&nbsp;Junxia Li,&nbsp;Yuting Jin,&nbsp;Xin Gao,&nbsp;Zhenju Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00468-023-02478-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-023-02478-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Temperature modulating the growing season onset of trees is still not completely understood. We anatomically tracked the growing season onset development of <i>Pinus tabuliformis</i> annual cambium activities in Shenyang during 2019–2021, explored the influencing factors and their regularity on the pine growing season onset, determined the interannual trajectory of the onset date, and simulated the growing season onset trajectory by the physiological process-based tree-ring Vaganov–Shashkin model. We found that the growing season onset date of <i>P. tabuliformis</i> significantly advanced at a rate of 1.5 days/decade in Shenyang during 1951–2021, the mean of which was 6 days earlier in 1981–2021 than in 1951–1980. The April maximum temperature was extremely significantly correlated with the <i>P. tabuliformis</i> growing season onset date. The pine growing season onset is modulated by temperatures, including minimum, mean, maximum temperature and diurnal temperature range (DTR), with corresponding thresholds of 3.2 ± 1.1 °C, 11.4 ± 0.7 °C, 18.1 ± 0.8 °C and 13.0 ± 2.7 °C, respectively, during 11–12 days prior to the growing season onset date. A low DTR during this stage would delay the onset of the pine growing season. The finding of the critical stage, modulating climate variables and their thresholds may help to accurately predict the regional growing season onset of <i>P. tabuliformis</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 1","pages":"205 - 219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139516745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaf turgor loss point varies among tree species, habitats, and seasons in a bottomland hardwood forest","authors":"Alexandra M. Eisley,&nbsp;Brett T. Wolfe","doi":"10.1007/s00468-023-02483-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-023-02483-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>Tree species in a temperate floodplain forest had leaf turgor loss point values similar to those of upland forest trees, suggesting physiological drought tolerance in this generally non-water-limited system.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Leaf turgor loss point (TLP) is a key plant trait associated with drought tolerance. In the bottomland hardwood (BLH) forests that grow in floodplains of the southeastern USA, drought stress is generally low but may increase with climate change. To address drought tolerance among BLH trees, we measured TLP among 20 species in a BLH forest in Louisiana, USA. We tested whether (1) TLP is higher in BLH tree species than in upland temperate-zone trees; (2) lower TLP is associated with higher drought tolerance among BLH species; (3) TLP drops during the growing season within BLH trees; and (4) within species, TLP is lower in more water limited, non-flooded BLH habitats than in seasonally flooded habitats. Among BLH tree species, TLP was −2.23 ± 0.28 (mean ± SD) and, contrary to our hypothesis, weakly positively correlated with drought tolerance. Within BLH species, TLP was lower in non-flooded habitats than seasonally flooded habitats and TLP decreased between the early and late growing season, more so in the non-flooded habitat. Overall, our results show that TLP among BLH trees is relatively low and plastic for a system that is generally not water limited, which may contribute to drought tolerance in future scenarios.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 1","pages":"263 - 272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00468-023-02483-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139507862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the relationship between hydraulic safety, hydraulic efficiency and tree structural complexity from terrestrial laser scanning and fractal analysis","authors":"Yonten Dorji,&nbsp;Emilie Isasa,&nbsp;Kerstin Pierick,&nbsp;Juliano Sarmento Cabral,&nbsp;Tashi Tobgay,&nbsp;Peter Annighöfer,&nbsp;Bernhard Schuldt,&nbsp;Dominik Seidel","doi":"10.1007/s00468-023-02479-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-023-02479-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>This research focused on the interplay between tree structural complexity and drought tolerance, unraveling the crucial role of <i>D</i>_b as an indicator of hydraulic efficiency and vulnerability in several tree species.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>The potential of trees to adapt to drier and hotter climates will determine the future state of forests in the wake of a changing climate. Attributes connected to the hydraulic network are likely to determine a tree’s ability to endure drought. However, how a tree’s architectural attributes related to drought tolerance remains understudied. To fill this gap, we compared the structural complexity of 71 trees of 18 species obtained from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) with key hydraulic thresholds. We used three measures of xylem safety, i.e., the water potential at 12%, 50%, and 88% loss of hydraulic conductance (<i>P</i>₁₂, <i>P</i>₅₀, <i>P</i>₈₈) and specific hydraulic conductivity (<i>K</i>_s) to assess the trees’ drought tolerance. TLS data were used to generate 3D attributes of each tree and to construct quantitative structure models (QSMs) to characterize the branching patterns. Fractal analysis (box-dimension approach) was used to evaluate the overall structural complexity of the trees (<i>D</i>_b) by integrating horizontal and vertical extent as well as internal branching patterns. Our findings revealed a significant relationship between the structural complexity (<i>D</i>_b) and the three measures of xylem safety along with <i>K</i>_s. Tree species with low structural complexity developed embolism-resistant xylem at the cost of hydraulic efficiency. Our findings also revealed that the <i>D</i>_b had a stronger and more significant relationship with branch hydraulic safety and efficiency compared to other structural attributes examined. We conclude that <i>D</i>_b seems to be a robust descriptor of tree architecture that relates to important branch hydraulic properties of a tree.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 1","pages":"221 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00468-023-02479-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139464329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}