Trees最新文献

{"title":"Genome-wide identification and analysis of UBP gene family in Quercus robur","authors":"Kaixuan Song,&nbsp;Boyu Zhang,&nbsp;Liang Du","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02519-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02519-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ubiquitin-specific proteases (UBPs), the largest group of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), play pivotal roles in various aspects of plant physiology including growth, development, and stress response by maintaining the ubiquitin molecule pool or removing ubiquitin from targeted proteins. While numerous studies exist on UBPs across various plant species, studies focusing on the Fagaceae family remain scarce. In this study, 20 <i>UBP</i> genes were identified in <i>Quercus robur</i> and phylogenetically classified into 12 groups, supported by domain organization and conserved motif composition. The gene structures and chromosomal localizations of these genes were elucidated. To understand the evolution of the <i>QrUBP</i> gene family, synteny analysis was conducted among <i>Q. robur</i> and five other plant species. Notably, four <i>QrUBP</i> genes (<i>QrUBP3</i>, <i>QrUBP12A</i>, <i>QrUBP16</i>, and <i>QrUBP23</i>) were found to have at least four isogenous gene pairs, implying important roles in the phylogenetic process of the <i>UBP</i> gene family. Moreover, cis-acting elements analysis reveals that the <i>QrUBP</i> promoters contain a large number of hormone-response elements and stress-response elements. The RT-qPCR analysis of roots, stems, and leaves indicates that some of the <i>QrUBP</i> genes were expressed ubiquitously, while others were organ-specific. For example, QrUBP15* was primarily expressed in roots, while QrUBP8 showed tissue-specific expression in stems. Additionally, comprehensive physicochemical and subcellular localization analyses were conducted. Collectively, this comprehensive study provides insights into the <i>UBP</i> gene family in <i>Q. robur</i>, laying a solid foundation for future investigations elucidating the functional roles of <i>QrUBP</i> genes in plant growth and stress responses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 3","pages":"807 - 821"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140889259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field performance of 17-year-old micropropagated hybrid aspen clones and aspen seedlings at three sites in Germany","authors":"Georg von Wühlisch,&nbsp;M. Raj Ahuja","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02512-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02512-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Micropropagated clones from thirteen hybrid aspen (<i>Populus tremula</i> L. x <i>P. tremuloides</i> Michx.), two <i>P. tremula</i> clones, and seedlings of three open pollinated <i>P</i>. <i>tremula</i> families were field-tested up to the age of 17 years on three sites in northwestern Germany. Twelve of these clones have earlier been approved under the category “Tested Material” in the multiclonal variety ‘Grosshansdorf’. Growth and development of the tissue culture derived clones and the seedlings were monitored in a long-term field trial. Survival, growth potential, and trunk as well branching habit were studied. The field evaluations have shown no negative effects of micropropagation on the growth potential, or tree morphology of hybrid aspen clones. On more favorable sites the hybrid aspen clones demonstrated their distinct superiority as compared to <i>P. tremula</i> trees<i>.</i> Our data indicates that miropropagated hybrid aspen clones offer new opportunities as a choice material for their better performance, especially on more favorable sites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 3","pages":"743 - 752"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140801774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"February–March minimum temperature record from cold-arid Lahaul-Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, India, and its hydrological implications","authors":"Vikram Singh,&nbsp;Krishna G. Misra,&nbsp;Ram R. Yadav,&nbsp;Akhilesh K. Yadava","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02510-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02510-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The increasing number of climate-associated disasters in the Himalayan region causing a huge impact on human life and the ecosystem are the bellwethers of climate change. Weather records from the high Himalayas, though sparse and limited to the past few decades, show its sensitivity to global climate change. However, short observational records preclude our understanding of long-term climate variation over the topographically controlled Himalaya. In view of this, tree-ring data of Himalayan birch trees from the cold-arid Lahaul-Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, western Himalaya is analyzed in the present study. The response function analysis of Himalayan birch chronologies with climate variables revealed a significant impact of February–March minimum temperature in radial growth of Himalayan birch. Taking this relationship as a guide, we developed the first record of winter/spring (February–March) minimum temperature for this region. The reconstructed minimum temperature record reveals annual to decadal scale variability associated with several prolonged cold and warm periods. A strong association of warm/cold phases of February–March temperature with low/high snow water equivalent of western Himalaya, as well as seasonal snow and glacial derived streamflow of the upper Indus River basin was identified. The observed hydrological linkages were further tested using river flow records of the Satluj and Indus Rivers of the western Himalaya. The observed opposite relationship between winter–spring minimum temperature and the summer hydro-climatic records can be of immense use to policymakers, agriculture stockholders, and hydropower project officials to take precautionary measures in advance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 3","pages":"709 - 723"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140624493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of water stress and UV-B on the production of outer stem waxes of Bulnesia retama seedlings from different eco-regions: alternatives for non-timber resources in drylands","authors":"Federico J. M. Peralta,&nbsp;Fidel A. Roig,&nbsp;Alejandra V. Medero,&nbsp;Carla V. Giordano","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02516-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02516-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>The yield of epicuticular waxes of <i>Bulnesia retama</i> was increased mainly by water stress, and marginally by UV-B. Natural populations from the most stressful ecoregions showed higher productivity and plasticity.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p><i>Bulnesia retama</i> is a tree/shrub endemic to the arid and semi-arid zones of South America. This species produces outer stem waxes that can be used in industry, and has been exploited in the past degrading natural populations. Considering the need to diversify marginal dryland economies by making sustainable use of local resources, we aimed to study the productivity of outer stem waxes of natural populations of <i>B. retama</i> from three eco-regions with different environmental stress (rainfall and altitude). We studied the wax productivity of the three populations in response to water stress and UV-B. We conducted two pot experiments with seedlings propagated from seeds of the different environmental backgrounds. We regulated water availability by differential irrigation and manipulated UV-B using selective absorbance filters. We collected stem waxes by the traditional method of brushing dry stems. We found that water stress was the main promoter of stem wax production in this species, while the effect of UV-B was marginal, and was only detected in combination with water stress. Seedlings from the most stressful eco-regions showed the highest stem wax productivity and were the most plastic to variations in environmental conditions<i>.</i> Environmental stress, particularly water stress, was the determining factor in the outer stem wax yield of this species, and in the productive potential of different natural populations, which could be related to ecotypes with different wax yield potential. This knowledge can be used for exploiting this resource sustainably, to select ecotypes for cultivation, and to develop productive varieties through classical breeding.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 3","pages":"793 - 806"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140613439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation of anatomical characteristics of Nothofagus alpina wood grown under three silvicultural conditions","authors":"Angela Aucapán,&nbsp;Maximilian Wentzel,&nbsp;Alfredo Aguilera,&nbsp;Aldo Rolleri","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02515-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02515-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>There were significant differences in the anatomical characteristics of Nothofagus alpina between the site with silvicultural condition similar to a regrowth forest, and with the sites with plantation regime.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p><i>Nothofagus alpina</i> has been a species of interest due to the high quality of its wood. To evaluate the early use of this wood in plantation regimes, wood from intermediate cuts has to be studied. Therefore, the variations in some anatomical characteristics of juvenile wood obtained from thinning of <i>N. alpina</i> trees growing under three different silvicultural conditions were evaluated. Using the decreasing granulometry sanding technique, wood samples were prepared to capture images from the transverse plane using reflectance microscopy. The anatomical characteristics considered in this work vary, from pith to bark, with statistically significant differences being found in the position closest to the bark. On the other hand, there were some similarities between the specimens that came from sites with a plantation regime and differences with the sites similar to a regrowth forest. Therefore, the possible impact of silvicultural conditions on the anatomical characteristics of <i>N. alpina</i> wood was pointed out, mainly the diameter of the vessels and wall thickness.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 3","pages":"767 - 776"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140592256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of leaf and wood traits in the Neotropics: environmental gradients and functionality","authors":"Gustavo Viana de Freitas,&nbsp;Maura Da Cunha,&nbsp;Angela Pierre Vitória","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02508-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02508-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>Resource-limited environments showed a tendency towards conservative and coupled leaf and wood traits, while displaying an acquisitive and decoupled pattern in resource-rich ones. Water and elevation were the most studied gradients.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>In the Neotropics, spatial and temporal environmental gradients subject plants to distinct abiotic conditions, requiring functional adjustments. This promotes changes in trait expression, resulting in individual trait variation or covariation. We have systematically reviewed the literature focusing on leaf and wood traits in the Neotropics along major abiotic gradients (water, irradiance, temperature, soil fertility, and elevation), and assessed their spatial and temporal variation and covariation trends. Thus, we compiled 141 published papers from 2010 to 2022. Most of the studies of leaf and wood traits were related to: (1) the gradients of water avalability and elevation, (2) leaf traits at the expense of wood traits, with specific leaf area and wood density the most studied traits, respectively, (3) the morphological leaf traits to a greater extent than to biochemical, ecophysiological, or anatomical ones. In general, more conservative traits were observed in environments with lower resource availability. Although there is still no consensus, coupling was predominantly linked to water balance during periods of water restriction or in dry ecosystems, and papers have focused on single ecosystems rather than making comparisons across multiple ecosystems. This systematic review highlights the tendency for systems with fewer resources to show a bias towards greater coordination between leaf and wood traits compared to systems with more resources. This review also adresses how traits are expressed based on the integration of more than one environmental driver and the qualitative variation of these resources. Finally, we emphasize the importance of analyzing different aspects of trait expression when assessing species’ responses to environmental gradients, especially in megadiverse regions such as the Neotropics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 3","pages":"551 - 572"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140592388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Could different structural features affect flammability traits in Mediterranean forest ecosystems?","authors":"Onofrio Cappelluti,&nbsp;Mario Elia,&nbsp;Giovanni Sanesi","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02513-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02513-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>Mediterranean forest stands manifest diverse flammability traits according to their potential ecological successional stage and promoting a gradient from flammable to less flammable ecosystem.</p><p>From a general consideration of vegetation as ‘fuel’, it has been well proven that plant traits have the potential to promote the forest stand gradient from flammable to less flammable. While the ever-growing literature helps to assess the relationship between plants and their flammability at species level, at the landscape scale this relationship should be evaluated along with a variety of forest features such as structural and stand parameters and from the perspective of successional forest stages. To this end, we clustered several forest stands in Southern Europe (Apulia region, Italy), characterized by oaks, conifers, and arboreal shrub species, according to their flammability traits. We hypothesized that flammability traits change along different horizontal and vertical structural features of forest stands, shifting from high to low-flammability propensity. The results confirmed that forest stands with greater height and diameter classes are associated with traits with a low-flammability propensity. It is worth highlighting the importance of shrub coverage in differentiating the clusters denoting their strong influence in increasing fuel load (litter and fuel bed traits). Finally, our findings lead us to assume that high-flammability propensity traits are associated with typical pioneer successional stages, supporting the notion that later successional forest stands are less flammable and, therefore, that flammability decreases along with succession.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 3","pages":"753 - 765"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00468-024-02513-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140325453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate triggers and growth effects of cold damage in silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) populations from Eastern Carpathians","authors":"Anca Semeniuc Fecioru,&nbsp;Maria Teodosiu,&nbsp;Anca Botezatu","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02505-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02505-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>At the eastern range limit of silver fir, there is moderate population differentiation in tolerance to frost damages. Differentiated management measures accounting for climate change are required, as some populations are not responding similar to drought and frost damage.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Under ongoing climate change, it is expected that in Europe 35% of forests will be at risk of frost, especially in the eastern part. In trees, frost effects are imprinted in rings and our study was conducted in juvenile individuals of silver fir from a trial comprising nine provenances from the eastern species distribution range. We analyzed the main characteristics of frost rings, their climate determinants and influence on height growth. Compared with other species, we found a slightly higher proportion of frost rings, and that the tracheid form was significantly influenced by the position within the ring and the intensity of damage. The climate covariates best explaining the frost damage in the initial and late frost rings were the March minimum temperature and the May mean temperature, respectively. A test of local adaptation indicated two characteristics related to the climatic determined late frost—the growing degree days accumulations until late frost and its day of the year, as significant triggers of the initial and late frost rings. In the initial frost ring, the height growth was negatively influenced by the proportion of annual rings affected over 50% by frost; in the late frost ring, an unexpected-positive influence on height growth of the proportion of total damaged annual rings was identified, possibly related to favorable growing seasons with prolonged autumn activity. Our study identified differentiation between provenances, which was more evident in the initial frost ring, suggesting maladaptation of eastern populations to frost-related events.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 3","pages":"667 - 679"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140317024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal variation of bark pH on the bole of a mature Cryptomeria japonica D. Don (Japanese cedar) tree","authors":"Desmond C. C. Teh,&nbsp;Delphis F. Levia,&nbsp;Taro Nakai","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02498-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02498-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key Message</h3><p>The agar–agar panel method identified circumferential, vertical, and temporal variations in the bark pH of a Japanese cedar tree in detail, including high-resolution distribution reflecting the bark’s microrelief.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>The morphology of bark surfaces is heterogeneous on any given tree, especially rough-barked trees, often changing along a vertical gradient from top to bottom and circumferentially. This study sought to better understand the intricacies of the spatiotemporal changes of bark pH distribution on the bole of a mature <i>Cryptomeria japonica</i> D. Don (Japanese cedar) tree in Taiwan by using agar–agar panels. Agar–agar panels were positioned at the four cardinal directions at seven different heights along the tree bole on six separate sampling dates (<span>(n = 134)</span>) to study the temporal variation of bark pH, while an additional 48.5 agar–agar panels were arranged radially at three tree heights (in zones 2 (30 m), 4 (20 m), and 7 (5 m)) to study the circumferential variation of bark pH. The changes in bark pH were found to vary across time, direction, height, and circumferential position, presumably due to the abiotic factors (e.g., fog) prior to sampling as well as changes in bark morphological patterns around the tree bole. This study demonstrates the highly dynamic temporal and spatial variability of bark pH. In particular, bark pH was found to be lower in the furrows as compared to the bark ridges, albeit with differing pH at different times. Future work should couple the use of agar–agar panels with mathematical modeling to quantify the interrelationships among bark morphology, bark pH, solute leaching, and mass flux along the complex network of interconnected furrows and ridges of tree stems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 3","pages":"591 - 605"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140310984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological characteristics of pistil abortion in Prunus sibirica","authors":"Jianhua Chen,&nbsp;Jian Zhang,&nbsp;Yuncheng Zhang,&nbsp;Quangang Liu,&nbsp;Pengkai Wang,&nbsp;Yongqiang Sun,&nbsp;Shengjun Dong","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02504-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02504-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>Pistil abortion in <i>Prunus sibirica</i> was associated with insufficient supply of nutrient, auxins, and gibberellins in flower buds, which promotes pistil development, and accumulation of cytokinins, which inhibits pistil development.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p><i>Prunus sibirica</i> is an important ecological and economic tree species with high utilization potential and broad application prospects. However, pistil abortion affects its fruit setting, yield, and quality, restricting its industrial development. In this study, the type and stage of pistil abortion in <i>P. sibirica</i> were identified using flower buds with abortive and fertile pistil. The effects of different nutrients and endogenous hormones on pistil abortion were analyzed. The pistil abortion type of <i>P. sibirica</i> clone belonged to abnormal style structure, and the key stage of pistil abortion was the dew white stage, characterized by pistil degeneration and dissolution at the dew white stage and complete pistil disintegration and disappearance at the full blooming stage. The soluble protein, soluble sugar, and total sugar contents of flower buds with abortive pistils were significantly lower than those of flower buds with fertile pistils at the dew white, initial blooming, and full blooming stages. Among the 44 hormones detected in flower buds of <i>P. sibirica</i>, majority were cytokinins (CKs 25), followed by auxins (13). At the dew white stage, the CK content in flower buds with abortive pistils was significantly higher than that in flower buds with fertile pistils. Pistil abortion in <i>P. sibirica</i> was mainly due to insufficient supply of soluble protein, soluble sugar, and total sugar in flower buds; insufficient supply of auxins and gibberellins, which promotes pistil development; and accumulation of cytokinins, which inhibits pistil development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 3","pages":"655 - 666"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140310905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}