Trees最新文献

{"title":"Mechanisms of drought resistance in Populus deltoides and P. × canadensis clones to possible situations of water restriction in irrigated systems in drylands","authors":"Elisa A. Rovida Kojima,&nbsp;Carina V. González,&nbsp;Ignacio A. Mundo,&nbsp;Aranzazú Guevara,&nbsp;Carla V. Giordano","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02551-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02551-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p><b>We have identified poplar clones suitable for dryland forestry, which stand out for their resistance to cavitation, level of anisohydrism, adjustment of cellular water relations and high water use efficiency.</b></p><p>In drylands, such as the arid western region of Argentina, poplar afforestation depends on intermittent furrow irrigation, subjecting the plantations to variable water availability both in time and space. Our objective was to study stem biomass production and drought resistance responses of eight poplar clones, to explore whether there are more suitable varieties for forestry in drylands than those currently cultivated, i.e. the hybrid <i>Populus</i> × <i>canadensis</i> clones ‘Conti’ 12 and ‘Guardi’. We conducted a pot experiment with three levels of water availability (control, moderate stress and severe stress), studying four clones of <i>P.</i> × <i>canadensis</i>, ‘Conti 12’, ‘Guardi’, ‘I-214’ and ‘I45/51’, as well as four clones of the <i>Populus deltoides</i> species, ‘Stoneville 67’, ‘Catfish 2’, ‘Dvina’ and ‘Australiano 129/60’. We found that the clones that were more productive under water stress, ‘I-214’ and ‘I45/51’, were also the most resistant to cavitation. However, these clones were not very productive under high water availability. The ‘Guardi’ and ‘Australiano 129/60’ clones performed best in this situation, showing moderately high productivity under water stress. These clones exhibited the highest degree of anisohydrism, high water use efficiency and ‘Australiano 129/60’ stood out for its low water potential at the point of wilting due to osmotic adjustment. The currently most cultivated variety in Cuyo region, ‘Conti 12’, was less productive, did not make cellular adjustments and had low water use efficiency. These results suggest that other available clones may be more suitable for poplar forestry in drylands and should be evaluated in field trials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 5","pages":"1267 - 1281"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142198646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in vessel traits of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) provenances revealed high phenotypic plasticity to prevailing environmental conditions","authors":"Jonathan M. Kormann,&nbsp;Marieke van der Maaten-Theunissen,&nbsp;Lucrezia Unterholzner,&nbsp;Mirko Liesebach,&nbsp;Katharina J. Liepe,&nbsp;Ernst van der Maaten","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02557-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02557-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p><b>Red oak provenances responded with high plasticity and intra-annual variability in vessel traits to studied climatic conditions, indicating weak signals of local adaptation and providing opportunities for forest management.</b></p><p>The climate change-induced increase in frequency and severity of extreme events has revealed a high vulnerability of various major tree species in Europe, stressing the need for selecting climate-resilient species for forest management. In this context, adaptive strategies of northern red oak (<i>Quercus rubra</i> L.) were examined, using wood anatomical data derived from a provenance trial. We investigated the interannual variation in vessel traits of red oak provenances planted at three sites along a precipitation gradient in Germany. We compared the climate sensitivity of German provenances with those from North America to analyze plasticity and to identify signals of local adaptation in vessel traits. The results revealed variations in vessel traits between all sites, pointing to site-specific responses to prevailing environmental conditions. Differences between provenances were prevalent for vessel size-related traits, with site-specific higher values for German provenances at wet sites. Climate signals, which varied between traits, were strongest for vessel density and the relative conductive area. Vessel traits were found to depend both on previous-year conditions as and on spring climate conditions during the onset of vessel formation. The site-specific response in extreme years deviate significantly between drought and frost events. A trade-off between resistance to extremes and vessel diameter could not be demonstrated, and provenances with larger vessel diameters showed higher frost resistance. The observed high plasticity in vessel traits and the site-specific variation to climate influences point to an adjustment in vessel formation to the prevailing environmental conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 5","pages":"1283 - 1295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00468-024-02557-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142198645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulated fire injury: effects of trunk girdling and partial defoliation on reproductive development of apple trees (Malus domestica)","authors":"Gerhard C. Rossouw,&nbsp;Oluyoye Idowu,&nbsp;Aphrika Gregson,&nbsp;Bruno P. Holzapfel","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02555-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02555-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fire damage can significantly impact fruit productivity in orchards. However, the effects of nonlethal fire injuries on the reproductive development of apple trees remain poorly understood. To investigate these effects, we implemented three treatments: trunk girdling to simulate fire injury to xylem, defoliation of a third of the canopy (simulated crown fire injury), and a combined treatment (simulated surface fire injury), alongside a control. The experiment was conducted during the 2021–22 growing season using a randomised block design with four biological replicate plots. Girdling was less effective than crown and surface fire treatments in influencing fruit composition during the current growing season, and flowering and fruiting in the following season. The crown and surface fire treatments induced localised detrimental effects on fruit sugar and titratable acidity while stimulating peel blush. Additionally, these treatments led to reduced starch reserves by harvest, which likely disrupted subsequent flowering and crop load near the previously defoliated sections of the canopy. When surface fires damage leaves near the base of the canopy in addition to the trunk, fruit production in the lower part of the canopy is more likely to be compromised in the following season. Crown fires, which cause leaf loss near the apex of the canopy, appear to be particularly detrimental to tree productivity, as the top defoliation treatment impaired carbohydrate reserves in shoot terminals and roots. In conclusion, fire-induced loss of leaf area during fruit growth alters fruit composition in the current growing season and may lead to lower yields in the subsequent season.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 5","pages":"1323 - 1342"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00468-024-02555-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142198647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly variable bark-wood density relationships across tree species reflect tradeoffs in evolved tolerances to environmental stressors","authors":"David W. MacFarlane","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02548-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02548-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p><b>Tree bark and wood density are highly variable and weakly positively correlated, with species having more or less dense bark than wood to adapt to different environmental stressors.</b></p><p>Tree bark is a complex, multifunctional structure and bark density varies widely across species. While wood density is recognized as a fundamental indicator of the functional ecology of trees, bark density has received much less attention as a key functional trait. Theoretically, bark and wood density should co-vary to some degree, but comprehensive examinations of this covariation are scarce. How do key functional traits of individual trees and species relate to bark and wood density variation/covariation? How does a tree’s life history and evolved tolerance to environmental stress shape variation/covariation in bark and wood density? This study draws from published literature and a large database of individual tree measurements of trees of diverse species and growing conditions, from forest ecosystems across the United States and Canada, to understand covariation between bark and wood density and its relationship to life-history traits and evolved tolerances to environmental stressors. The results of this study show a high tree-to-tree variation in both bark density and wood density, with inherited differences in tissue formation constraining the range of bark and wood densities. All analyses show that bark density was weakly, positively correlated with wood density. Mixed effects modeling showed a strong phylogenetic signal in variation in bark and wood density that was partially explained by the need for species to produce more or less -dense bark and wood to adapt to different environmental stressors (tolerance of drought, shade, frost, waterlogging and fire were all examined), with clearly different relationships for angiosperms versus gymnosperms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 5","pages":"1223 - 1239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141883238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive potential of European beech in a provenance trial established in Serbia","authors":"Marija Jovanović,&nbsp;Jelena Milovanović,&nbsp;Ivona Kerkez Janković,&nbsp;Marina Nonić,&nbsp;Mirjana Šijačić-Nikolić","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02549-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02549-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key Message</h3><p><b>In a provenance trial conducted in Serbia, the provenance of the beech trees exhibited a stronger influence on leaf morphology than on survival rate.</b></p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Provenance trials are crucial for understanding the genetic diversity within beech provenances and advising forestry management practices. In this study, by integrating leaf morphometric analyses and survival data from a 16-year-old provenance trial in Serbia, we aimed to uncover patterns and mechanisms that govern plant–environment interactions in beech (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L.) ecosystems. The provenance trial used in this study was established in 2007, as part of the broader European network, from seedlings of 22 provenances originating across Europe. In the fall of 2007 and 2010, and in the summer 2023, plant vitality was recorded within each provenance. For geometric morphometrics, leaves were collected in 2023. The analyses tested the effects of provenance, provenance geographical origin, and provenance survival trend on leaf size and shape. The results showed significant variation in leaf size and shape and revealed that while there was no clear pattern of correlation between survival percentage and leaf morphology, provenance origin did show significant influence on leaf size and shape. Additionally, source stands environmental factors exerted a stronger influence on leaf shape than on leaf size variation. The observed variability in beech leaf morphology on one side, and survival rates on the other side, serve as indicators of the species' resilience and ability to adjust to changing environmental conditions. </p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 5","pages":"1241 - 1253"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141883237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaf tolerance to heat is independent of leaf phenology in neotropical savanna trees","authors":"Bianca Helena Porfírio da Silva,&nbsp;Davi Rodrigo Rossatto","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02547-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02547-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key Message</h3><p>Although evergreens and deciduous are considered different functional groups due to their dissimilar strategy in canopy maintenance, they exhibit similar leaf heat tolerance to elevated temperatures in Cerrado savannas of Brazil.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>The escalating temperatures resultant from recent climate shifts have begun to influence the structure and function of tropical ecosystems, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The rise in average temperatures within the tropics implies significant challenges for plant persistence, pushing them beyond the optimal threshold for critical physiological functions, notably photosynthetic process, which temperatures effects can be inferred by measuring leaves chlorophyll fluorescence. Consequently, species lacking leaf traits associated with thermotolerance to high temperatures face heightened risks of permanent damage. The Cerrado is an extremely diverse tropical savanna ecosystem, with an abundance of species exhibiting different foliar habits that are being threatened by such temperature rises. The present study aimed to understand leaf heat tolerance in tree species of different leaf phenologies (evergreens vs. deciduous) exposed to high temperatures (35–65 °C) and to discern any effects and correlations between morphological traits (such as specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf thickness) and heat tolerance capacity measured by the T₅₀. It was hypothesized that evergreen species, with their persistent foliage, might exhibit greater heat tolerance to high temperatures than deciduous species, and that SLA will be correlated with leaf heat tolerance independent of leaf habit. Contrary to the initial hypothesis, the results indicate similar levels of leaf heat tolerance, with deciduous leaves showing a T₅₀ value around 49 °C and evergreens leaves around 50 °C. We did not find differences in the studied morphological traits between the groups, with SLA and leaf thickness not differing between groups, and neither relationships with heat leaf tolerance measured by the T₅₀ values were found. The importance of additional research considering water scarcity is highlighted, as water potential can influence leaf traits and canopy phenology, thus affecting thermotolerance. In summary, our study suggests that, within the context of global warming, leaf phenology alone might not wield substantial influence over the thermotolerance capabilities of these species, at least for the group of Cerrado species studied here.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 5","pages":"1343 - 1350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141863322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of ash dieback on leaf physiology and leaf morphology of Fraxinus excelsior L.","authors":"Lisa Buchner,&nbsp;Anna-Katharina Eisen,&nbsp;Susanne Jochner-Oette","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02546-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02546-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Since the introduction of the invasive fungal pathogen <i>Hymenoscyphus fraxineus</i> in Europe, the European common ash (<i>Fraxinus excelsior</i> L.) has been threatened by ash dieback. An infection leads, for example, to typical symptoms of dying shoots, but changes of leaf physiology and morphology are still largely unexplored. Therefore, five physiological and morphological traits, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, specific leaf area, leaf thickness, and fluctuating asymmetry, were investigated in four different study sites in southern Germany regarding possible changes due to ash dieback and their relationship to different degrees of damage. Both higher and lower levels of chlorophyll with increasing damage due to ash dieback were observed. Chlorophyll fluorescence and fluctuating asymmetry proved to be less suitable indicators of damage. Leaf thickness showed the tendency (however not significant) of an increase in more severely damaged trees. The specific leaf area was identified as a suitable indicator of the damage severity, with significant smaller values in less healthy trees. Therefore, ash dieback can also result in notable alterations in leaf physiology and morphology.</p>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 5","pages":"1205 - 1221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00468-024-02546-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141776841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SSR-based genetic analysis depicted high gene diversity with subtle population genetic structure in Myrica esculenta, a high-valued edible fruit tree of the Western Himalayas","authors":"Harish S. Ginwal,&nbsp;Rajendra K. Meena,&nbsp;Maneesh S. Bhandari,&nbsp;Anita Rawat,&nbsp;Haripriya Kavidayal,&nbsp;Santan Barthwal,&nbsp;Rama Kant","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02545-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02545-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>SSR-based characterization revealed a high genetic diversity, negligible genetic differentiation, insignificant inbreeding, and subtle genetic structure in <i>Myrica esculenta</i> populations of Western Himalayas, indicating a high adaptive and evolutionary potential.</p><p><i>Myrica esculenta</i> is a high-valued wild edible fruit-bearing tree of sub-Himalayan region experiencing noticeable deterioration in its stand structure. This study aimed to unveil the gene diversity and spatial genetic structure of <i>M. esculenta</i> populations in the Western Himalayas under the state of Uttarakhand (India) using nuclear simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. By investigating 23 populations at 8 SSR loci, high genetic diversity (expected heterozygosity, He = 0.90; allelic richness, Ar = 13.65) was recorded with little genetic differentiation (fixation index, <i>F</i>_ST = 0. 025). Bayesian analysis revealed a weak genetic structure with no discrete genetic lineages from which ancestry can be inferred. Furthermore, genetic clustering among populations was conspicuous but not in accordance with their spatial distribution. Geographically separated populations are genetically well connected due to long-distance gene flow via pollen as well as seed. Hence, the meta-population in the Western Himalayas demonstrated a subtle spatial genetic structure with negligible genetic divergence, where genetic admixing is not modulated by geographical constraints. Viewing the substantial anthropogenic pressure over wild populations, conservation strategies must be adopted synergistically based on scientific knowledge. As center of diversity is centered toward the Kumaon region capturing higher allelic richness, we recommend the populations of this region to be prioritized for in situ conservation. Further, it will be important to harvest seeds from genetically diverse populations for raising plantations or ex situ field gene banks. As its fruits are mostly harvested from wild, local communities need to be sensitized and encouraged to establish private plantations or orchards.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 5","pages":"1189 - 1203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141745671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of competition intensity and neighbor identity on architectural traits of Fagus sylvatica","authors":"Alice Penanhoat,&nbsp;Nathaly Guerrero Ramirez,&nbsp;Mélaine Aubry-Kientz,&nbsp;Lucas Diekmann,&nbsp;Sharath Paligi,&nbsp;Michela Audisio,&nbsp;Klara Mrak,&nbsp;Dominik Seidel","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02544-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02544-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>Differences in architectural traits of European beech saplings submitted to different levels of competition intensity and neighborhood diversity show a shift toward lateral growth exploration for overtopped trees but less expressed apical control is maintained for beech grown with conifers.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Crown plasticity is a fundamental process to optimize the acquisition of light in forests, where it is often the limiting factor for growth. The processes leading to crown dynamics in response to biotic interaction are controlled by the competitive status of a tree, as well as the species diversity of the neighborhood. Yet, the ontogenic diversity of the different branches leading to crown structure makes it difficult to model crown plasticity. In this study, we used single-image photogrammetry and a semi-automatic topology reconstruction software to map the architecture of 3-year-old European beech trees (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L.) grown in pure pots or mixed with Douglas fir (<i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i> (Mirbel) F<span>ranco)</span> or Norway spruce (<i>Picea</i> <i>abies</i> L. H.K<span>arst</span>). Further, we investigated the effect of competition intensity (estimated with height rank) and neighbourhood diversity on architectural traits. To do so, we quantified the mean volume, slenderness, number of branches, branching rate, internode length, and diameter ratio for each stem and branch, up to the order three. Overtopped trees developed fewer branches and biomass but allocated more biomass to branches of a higher order than to the stem. The increase in the ramification of the stem and the diameter ratio of the first-order branches for overtopped trees indicate a shift in the growth strategy and a decrease in apical control. As competition intensity and neighbour identity have opposite effects on stem traits, it seems that the positive effect of plant diversity on growth can be attributed to the intrinsic effects of species identity rather than to competition release.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 5","pages":"1177 - 1187"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00468-024-02544-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141642836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High temperature induces investment in phloem and increases sucrose accumulation in grapevine","authors":"Shunamit Wolberg,&nbsp;Rita Dumbur,&nbsp;Yishai Netzer,&nbsp;José M. Grünzweig,&nbsp;Ilana Shtein","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02542-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02542-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There’s a lack of studies on the structure–function aspect of linking non-structural carbohydrates to temperature, in particular phloem structure is yet a largely neglected subject. We studied gas exchange parameters and in parallel examined functional anatomy and non-structural carbohydrates status in leaf blades, petioles and branches in ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grapevines grown under three temperature regimes (22/16 °C, 28/22 °C, 34/28 °C day/night).</p><p>After  two months of growth, water use efficiency was the highest at 34 ºC. The individual organs size became progressively smaller as the temperatures increased, and was the smallest at 34 ºC for branch and petiole diameter, and for leaf thickness. The relative xylem cross-sectional area was largely not influenced by the temperature regime. In contrast, phloem cross-sectional area was significantly increased at high temperature in branches and petioles, and became 30% higher at 34 ºC in branches compared to 22 °C. The leaves had the highest non-structural carbohydrates concentration compared to petioles and branches. Sucrose content exhibited a temperature-dependent increase both in branches and petioles, and to some extent also in leaves, while starch, fructose and glucose content did not exhibit any statistically significant temperature trends.</p><p>In grapevine, sucrose is the main non-structural carbohydrate used for long-distance transport. Our results indicate temperature dependent increased investment in phloem development in parallel with increased main long-distance transported sugar (sucrose) accumulation. Phloem and xylem development were apparently uncoupled, implying a differential cambium activity for each tissue. Our study could have wide structural–functional implications in the ongoing climate change scenario.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 5","pages":"1151 - 1159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141648113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}