Trees最新文献

{"title":"Micropeltation in Myrtaceae: a neglected subject","authors":"Veit M. Dörken,&nbsp;Philip G. Ladd,&nbsp;Robert F. Parsons","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02565-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02565-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The majority of taxa with peltate leaves are perennial herbs native to swampy or aquatic habitats or to mesic shaded understorey habitats. These large peltate leaves are formed by a meristematic bridge at the lamina–petiole junction. However, there are also several strong-light exposed, small-leaved, xero- and scleromorphic Myrtaceae with leaf peltation which is formed without a meristem fusion/bridge. Here, abaxial laminar tissue at the insertion point of the petiole forms a basal extension, so that a weak peltation occurs. This shifts the petiole onto the adaxial laminar surface. The formation of micropeltation in Myrtaceae leads to erect leaves that are strongly appressed to the shoot axis and the entire foliate, vertical shoots appear as “green columns”, a result that is also the case in taxa with reflexed minute leaves. It seems that micropeltation achieves the same goal as leaf reflexion in small-leaved taxa—reduction of heat-load and transpiration during the hottest phases of the day by a lower light interception at midday compared to the morning and evening. Thus, physiologically micropeltation and reflexion of minute leaves seem to be the result of convergent evolution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 6","pages":"1459 - 1467"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00468-024-02565-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the equation of nonlinear relationships between cell anatomical parameters of conifer wood","authors":"Liliana V. Belokopytova,&nbsp;Dina F. Zhirnova,&nbsp;Nivedita Mehrotra,&nbsp;Santosh K. Shah,&nbsp;Elena A. Babushkina,&nbsp;Eugene A. Vaganov","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02559-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02559-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>We propose an improved exponential equation for the nonlinear dependence of cell measurements on the seasonal cell production in conifer wood. These changes shall simplify the model towards ease in understanding, interpretation and analysis.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>With methodological development, quantitative parameters of wood cellular structure have featured as dendroclimatic indicators in various studies. But to disentangle climatic impacts in different wood anatomical characteristics, relationships between them have to be described quantitatively and extricated. This study investigates exponential description of the non-linear dependences of conifer wood cell measurements on their seasonal production in cambial zone. Improvement to the equation of exponential model was suggested, simplifying the interpretation and analysis and providing biological meaning to all numerical parameters of the model. This new equation was demonstrated for 630 tree rings from 20 to 40-year-old trees of Siberian spruce (<i>Picea obovata</i> Ledeb.) in Siberia, collected at the experimental plantation, as well as for its subsets from plots of various planting density, demonstrating plausible value of the new proposed numerical parameter of model and dependence of the other parameter on the stand density, probably based on the tree height. Limitation for successful fitting of this exponential model was demonstrated, based on representativity of wide and narrow rings within sample; we proposed possible way to overcome it in certain cases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 6","pages":"1593 - 1599"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142198641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ellipse or superellipse for tree-ring geometries? evidence from six conifer species","authors":"Weiwei Huang,&nbsp;Kehang Ma,&nbsp;Daniel K. Gladish","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02561-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02561-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>Tree-ring shapes of the six studied coniferous species tend to be bilaterally symmetrical, and the superellipse equation is sufficient to describe the tree-ring boundaries and estimate the basal area increment.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>In nature, under environmental pressures, such as wind, slope, water availability, etc., tree-ring shapes in most cases appear to be elliptical rather than circular. Compared with the ellipse equation, the superellipse equation includes an additional parameter that allows the generation of a larger range of geometries: hypoellipse, ellipse, and hyperellipse. The more complex Gielis equation can generate asymmetrical shapes. In the present study, we modeled the geometries of tree-rings for six coniferous species using the superellipse equation (i.e., the three-parameter model) and the more complex Gielis equation (i.e., the five-parameter model). The species-specific mean value of <i>n</i> approached 2 and the <i>k</i>-value was lower than 1, which confirmed that most tree-ring shapes of the studied coniferous species were closer to an ellipse rather than a circle. However, based on superellipse equation the <i>n</i>-value and <i>k</i>-value both showed an inter-annual fluctuation that ranged between 1.75–2.25 and 0.82–1.00, respectively. This suggests that most samples of tree-rings did not follow the typical ellipse equation, but the superellipse equation. Although the Gielis equation is slightly better in the goodness of fit than the superellipse equation, 86.67% of the percent errors (PEs) of RMSE_adj between these two equations were smaller than 5%, which means that the superellipse equation is better given the trade-off between the model structural complexity and goodness of fit. Most tree-ring shapes tend to be bilaterally symmetrical, and the three-parameter superellipse equation was verified to fit the tree-ring boundaries and estimate the inter-annual increments of tree-ring area well.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 6","pages":"1403 - 1413"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142198610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residents and their trees: a quali-quantitative study of preferences, attitudes and social factors affecting trees planted in private yards in China","authors":"Ang Zhang,&nbsp;Peter A. Vesk,&nbsp;Margaret J. Grose","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02550-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02550-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Trees in private yards are subject to a complex assortment of interacting ecological, social, cultural and economic factors, including individual preferences, social networks, multiple stakeholders and social constraints. This study explored residents’ attitudes towards yard trees in China and determined the social factors shaping yard trees and yard tree planting. Nearly 300 questionnaires were collected in-person and online in urban and rural villages and communities in Zhoukou city, Henan. Most trees planted in yards were intentionally planted. Yard size was the main constraint on the number of trees in a yard with respondents repeatedly citing the lack of space as a deterrent to planting trees or planting more trees. The most popular attributes for trees planted in yards were symbolism and edibility. Residents’ attitudes were based upon tree functions. The willingness and attitudes of residents towards yard trees suggested that an increase in yard trees would be supported by residents, who appeared to be yearning for a green living environment. However, a lack of preference found for native species suggests a challenging future for native trees in yards in regard to their role in biodiversity and habitat formation. Men played the dominant role in activities associated with yard trees. Residents were keen to aid wider ambitions for greening through their own tree planting in yards, but need guidance via policies and incentives. Such moves at high levels of government will assist the achievement of sustainable development goals in the future China, such as increased city canopy and carbon targets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 5","pages":"1255 - 1266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00468-024-02550-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142198640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chlorophyll fluorescence and sap flow in eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) in both the growing and nongrowing season in Kentucky","authors":"Richard L. Boyce","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02554-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02554-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>Red cedar chlorophyll fluorescence remains high during the nongrowing season, while transpiration is reduced.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Evergreen trees retain their leaves during the winter and thus can photosynthesize when conditions permit. Eastern red cedar (<i>Juniperus virginiana</i>) is widely distributed in the eastern USA and is known to transpire and photosynthesize outside of the growing season. However, most recent work has been done in the Great Plains, which red cedar has recently invaded, while little work has been done in its original range. I hypothesized that red cedar would behave like other conifers from summer drought-free areas and show reduced chlorophyll fluorescence and transpiration during the winter. Four red cedar trees at a site near the Ohio River in Kentucky were equipped with Granier sap flow probes, while solar irradiance, temperature, relative humidity, and soil volumetric water content (VWC) were measured at the site. Dark chlorophyll fluorescence (<i>F</i>_v/<i>F</i>_m) was measured on northern and southern aspects on an approximately weekly basis from early 2019 through mid 2021. High values of <i>F</i>_v/<i>F</i>_m were measured in both growing (April-September) and nongrowing (October-March) seasons; median values in the nongrowing season were 94% of those in the growing season, which did not support my hypothesis. <i>F</i>_v/<i>F</i>_m data were fit to a Michaelis–Menten curve that used minimum temperature of the previous two nights, aspect, and maximum irradiance on the day of measurement taken before fluorescence was measured. Sap flow was explained by maximum daily temperature, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), mean daily irradiance, and VWC. Sap flow in the nongrowing season was 74% of that seen in the growing season, due to lower values of temperature, VPD, and irradiance, supporting my hypothesis. Thus, red cedar remains physiologically active during the nongrowing season. However, it does not appear to behave like other conifers from summer drought-free areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 5","pages":"1315 - 1322"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142198639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antagonistic interactions between cytokinin and gibberellin during initial stem growth and leaf structure of royal poinciana [Delonix regia (Bojer ex. Hook.) Raf.]","authors":"Bárbara Oliveira Medeiros,&nbsp;Lázara Aline Simões Silva,&nbsp;Suellen Nunes Sarmento,&nbsp;Diuly Alves Rosa,&nbsp;Lília Cristina de Souza Barbosa,&nbsp;Mariana Machado,&nbsp;Helena Gioppato,&nbsp;Marcelo Carnier Dornelas,&nbsp;Vinícius Coelho Kuster,&nbsp;Diego Ismael Rocha","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02562-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02562-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gibberellin (GA) and cytokinin (CK) signaling play antagonistic roles in leaf development and secondary plant growth. In the current study, we investigated the effects of changes in the balance of CKs and GAs on the development and leaf and stem morpho-anatomy of <i>Delonix regia</i> (Bojer ex. Hook.) Raf. seedlings. The balance of CKs and GAs was modified by the exogenous application of plant growth regulators (PGRs), individually or in combination. After 30 days of daily PGR applications, the growth and the morpho-anatomy of the leaf and stem were assessed. CKs and GAs have antagonistic effects on the development of <i>D. regia</i>. Seedlings treated with GA showed a significant increase in height, while the application of CK led to greater formation of axillary shoots, altering the architecture of the plants. GA inhibited almost all CK responses, although a negative reciprocal interaction was observed in some growth parameters. The treatments in which GA was applied showed an increase in leaf length. However, these plants presented a reduction in leaf tissue thickness and the stem cambial band. In contrast, plants treated with CK and paclobutrazol had thicker leaf blades and more prominent radial growth of the stem, with a higher proportion of secondary xylem. Our results suggest a mutual antagonistic interaction between GA and CK in <i>D. regia</i> and contribute to understanding how the balance between these two classes of phytohormones modulates the structure and development of plant lateral organs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 6","pages":"1415 - 1427"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142198511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extreme Poisson’s ratios recorded in the secondary phloem of Malvaceae: a highlight on the biomechanical function of bark","authors":"Tancrède Alméras,&nbsp;Stéphane Corn,&nbsp;Anne Baranger,&nbsp;Arnaud Regazzi,&nbsp;Jonathan Barés,&nbsp;Romain Lehnebach,&nbsp;Bruno Clair","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02558-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02558-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In some angiosperm species, especially in the <i>Malvaceae</i> family, postural control and directional growth of the stem are enabled by the mechanical interaction between the growing cambium and the secondary phloem. A key feature of this motor mechanism is the ability to redirect the tangential stress induced in secondary phloem into a longitudinal stress enabling the control of stem orientation. Here we studied how the microstructure of the secondary phloem is optimized for this function. We measured the longitudinal-tangential Poisson’s ratio and the longitudinal modulus of elasticity of secondary phloem in 22 tree species including <i>Malvaceae</i> and other families. We modeled the microstructure of <i>Malvaceae</i> secondary phloem using finite elements. The Poisson’s ratio of secondary phloem from <i>Malvaceae</i> trees was found one to two orders of magnitude higher than for other species, reaching the highest values ever reported for a natural material. Mechanical modeling confirmed these results and showed that parameters of the microstructure of secondary phloem are set at value optimizing this Poisson’s ratio. This highlights that the specific microstructure of <i>Malvaceae</i> secondary phloem is designed to maximize the conversion of cambial growth pressure into a longitudinal mechanical stress enabling the directional growth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 6","pages":"1379 - 1390"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142198642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beech poles do not produce flexure wood after mechanical stimulation: does shifting from stress avoidance to stress tolerance matter?","authors":"Jana Dlouhá,&nbsp;Leandro Martinez,&nbsp;Tancrède Alméras,&nbsp;Julien Ruelle,&nbsp;Thiéry Constant,&nbsp;François Ningre,&nbsp;Meriem Fournier","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02556-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02556-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>Flexure wood formation is not systematically observed as a part of thigmomorphogenetic syndrome induced by wind. Its formation depends likely on the dose of mechanical signal perceived and the tree size-dependent strategy to resist wind loads.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Formation of a specific wood tissue called flexure wood often accompanies the thigmomorphogenetic syndrome in mechanically stimulated trees. Flexure wood exhibits high microfibril angle allowing for increase in the stem flexibility and higher resistance to post-elastic damage during repeated loadings. In this study, we examine the microstructure and the properties of wood produced by beech poles submitted to increased mechanical stimulus. Contrary to previous results obtained on poplar saplings, aside a little decrease in density no changes in the microstructure or the post-elastic properties of wood were observed in beech poles. While in saplings wood properties explained 25% of the resistive moment increase and 50% of the maximal curvature decrease, their relative contribution was of 6% for the resistive moment and 5% for the maximal curvature decrease in beech poles. These apparent discrepancies between our results and previous studies were explained by a possible combination of three factors: (i) experienced level of mechanical stimulus, (ii) tree size-dependent shift in the strategy to resist wind loads and (iii) the species sensitivity to thigmomorphogenetic syndrome. We further suggest the use of juvenile transition as an indicator of the species strategy to cope with environmental signals adopting a broader view of the adaptive capacity of a given species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 6","pages":"1367 - 1377"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142198643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro-structural responses of Pisonia grandis R. Br. (Nyctaginaceae) to growth regulators for in vitro regeneration: a study on an avenue tree in urban landscapes","authors":"M. Manokari,&nbsp;Mahesh Kumar Badhepuri,&nbsp;Mohammad Faisal,&nbsp;Abdulrahman A. Alatar,&nbsp;Mahipal S. Shekhawat","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02563-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02563-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Pisonia grandis</i> R. Br. is a tree commonly found in urban coastal and tropical regions, valued for its ornamental beauty and utility in agroforestry and traditional medicine. To facilitate its propagation, particularly through in vitro techniques, this study aimed to refine a propagation system by inducing adventitious buds from node explants of mature tree. The study revealed that the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, supplemented with 30 g L⁻¹ sucrose and 2.0 mg L⁻¹ thidiazuron (TDZ), effectively stimulated bud break. Furthermore, a combination of 1.0 mg L⁻¹ TDZ and 0.5 mg L⁻¹ α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) yielded optimal shoot multiplication, resulting in an average of 16.0 shoots per explant with a length of 5.9 cm. In contrast, utilizing 1.0 mg L⁻¹ 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.5 mg L⁻¹ NAA led to producing 10.0 shoots with a height of 3.7 cm. Incorporating TDZ significantly enhanced shoot numbers, size, and overall health of the shootlets. Microscopic analysis revealed that leaves and petioles derived from the TDZ and NAA combination exhibited desirable features, such as a thick cuticle, well-differentiated epidermis, mesophyll, vascular tissues, stomata, and improved vein density compared to those derived from BAP and NAA. The maximum root percentage (87.5%) and adventitious root formation (averaging 8.0 roots with a length of 6.2 cm) were observed on half-strength media supplemented with 1.5 mg L⁻¹ indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Conversely, NAA fortification resulted in lower rooting percentages (77.8% response with an average of 4.7 roots measuring 4.0 cm in length). Subsequently, the rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized using a mixture of soilrite®, cocopeat, and garden soil (1:1:1 v/v ratio), with a survival rate of 92.0% in the field. This study contributes valuable insights into the optimized use of growth regulators for the large-scale propagation of <i>P. grandis</i> and related species, ensuring the production of micro-morpho-structurally stable plantlets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 6","pages":"1429 - 1441"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142198644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity of Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd. and P. spinosa Forssk.: evidence of introgression from cultivated into wild pear populations","authors":"Antonio Vidaković,&nbsp;Zlatko Šatović,&nbsp;Zlatko Liber,&nbsp;Mira Radunić,&nbsp;Martina Skendrović Babojelić,&nbsp;Igor Poljak","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02553-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02553-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Southern Europe is home to two naturally occurring pear species: the European wild pear (<i>Pyrus pyraster</i> (L.) Burgsd.) and the almond-leaved pear (<i>P</i>. <i>spinosa</i> Forssk.). In addition to these two species, the cultivated pear (<i>P</i>. <i>communis</i> L.) is also grown throughout Europe. Since the cultivated pear is one of the most widespread fruits in Europe, gene flow between the cultivated species and their wild relatives is to be expected. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of natural populations and whether gene flow from the cultivated pear can alter the genetic composition of wild pear populations. We collected samples from 21 populations of <i>P</i>. <i>pyraster</i> and 22 populations of <i>P</i>. <i>spinosa</i> as well as 24 cultivars of <i>P</i>. <i>communis</i>. DNA fingerprinting based on nine microsatellite markers (SSR) was used to analyze the genetic diversity and structure of the wild pear populations and to assess the relationship between wild and cultivated pears. In general, we found a higher genetic diversity of <i>P</i>. <i>pyraster</i> compared to <i>P</i>. <i>spinosa</i>. In three Mediterranean <i>P</i>. <i>pyraster</i> populations, significant cultivated-to-wild gene flow was observed, whereas in <i>P</i>. <i>spinosa</i> it was rare and only observed in a few individuals. Furthermore, in regions where the ecological niches of the two wild pear species overlap, hybrids between them were also found. This study provides valuable insights into the genetic variability of these species and can significantly advance their use in sustainable forest management, conservation, and breeding programs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 5","pages":"1297 - 1314"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}