Trees最新文献

{"title":"Asymmetric crown spread of street tree Cinnamomum camphora in Shanghai metropolis","authors":"Hongbing Wang,&nbsp;Chenbing Guo,&nbsp;Jun Qin,&nbsp;Lianlian Pan,&nbsp;Yonghong Hu","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02584-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02584-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The camphor tree crown tends to develop asymmetries, and wind and motorway-related asymmetric roots are dominant factors that help understand the aboveground responses to the belowground in architecture.</p><p>The below- and above-ground morphological responses of forest trees have long been observed and their adaptive growth has been found related to tree stability. Some external forces, such as wind loading, can be transferred through the trunk to the root system, causing the root architecture to be affected by the aboveground architecture. Due to the different functions and manner of resource uptake of below- and above-ground organs, it is necessary to understand the aboveground responses to the belowground in architecture. Urban street tree roots are particularly susceptible to stresses from massive impervious surfaces, so the responses of crown architecture should be based on the combined effects of internal and external factors. This study used 190 street trees of <i>Cinnamomum camphora</i> at a coastal site in Shanghai and the architectural data of each tree’s crown were collected. Uncrewed aerial vehicles were used to determine crown volume and its orientational partitioning, flow design was used for wind velocity data, and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) was used to detect the data of root distribution. The results showed: (1) bidirectional crown asymmetry index (<i>bCAI</i>) shows the crown bias toward the road regardless of road orientation; (2) there is an increasing trend of <i>bCAI</i> with DBH; (3) orientation of tree toward road becomes a dominant factor influencing <i>bCAI</i>; (4) the relative directions between trees toward roads and wind show additive effects in consistent situations and restraining effects when in opposing directions. These findings explain the crown architectural traits of street trees and contribute to understanding root–shoot balance in biomass distribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142810914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: XRCT images reveal climate control on wound recovery after intense flood in Mediterranean riparian trees","authors":"Juan Antonio Ballesteros-Cánovas,&nbsp;Jaime Madrigal-González,&nbsp;Carolina Guardiola Albert,&nbsp;Carina González,&nbsp;Markus Stofel","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02591-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02591-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00468-024-02591-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drought-related mortality, growth and non-structural carbohydrate dynamics in two conifer species during early stages of development","authors":"David R. Woodruff,&nbsp;Frederick C. Meinzer,&nbsp;Katherine A. McCulloh,&nbsp;Kimberly O’Keefe,&nbsp;Kelly L. Kerr,&nbsp;Danielle E. M. Ulrich,&nbsp;Johnathan G. Crandall","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02568-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02568-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To examine the mechanisms associated with growth, survival, and mortality under drought conditions during early developmental stages, physiological and structural parameters were measured on <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i> (PSME) and <i>Pinus ponderosa</i> (PIPO) first-year seedlings grown under two moisture regimes (drought and control) in a common garden experiment. By the end of the 76-day experiment, PSME mortality in the drought and control treatments had reached 30.4% and 11.2%, respectively, while there was only 5.3% mortality in drought PIPO and virtually no mortality in control PIPO. Weekly predawn and mid-day leaf water potential differed significantly between treatments starting ~ mid-way through the study. Although we observed significant differences in photosynthetic gas exchange between species throughout most of the study, there were only minimal differences between treatments within species until the very end of the study. Root, stem, and leaf biomass were significantly greater in PIPO than in PSME throughout the study. PSME seedlings that were dying or recently dead showed a pronounced shift in non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) distribution, with root NSC levels strongly depleted and stem NSC levels increased relative to healthy seedlings. These results suggest a potential role for drought-related constraints on phloem transport in mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 6","pages":"1491 - 1508"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic time-series analyses of gene expression profile during zygotic embryo development in Taxodium distichum × Taxodium mucronatum","authors":"Ziyang Wang,&nbsp;Ying Yang,&nbsp;Yunlong Yin,&nbsp;Chaoguang Yu","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02572-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02572-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>Our results from transcriptomics extend the understanding of the gene expression and major events associated with embryogenesis progression in <i>Taxodium distichum</i> × <i>Taxodium mucronatum</i>.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Zygotic embryogenesis is a critical process during seed development in which the plant body plan is established and the meristems responsible for all post-embryonic growth are determined. <i>Taxodium</i> ‘Zhongshanshan’ is a series of superior interspecies hybrids of <i>T. distichum</i> and <i>T. mucronatum</i> and has been widely planted in southeastern China. Understanding the molecular, cellular and metabolic processes of embryonic development will provide important information on the somatic embryogenesis of <i>T.</i> ‘Zhongshanshan’ and further developing zygotic embryogenesis research. In the present study, we sequenced the transcriptomes of zygotic <i>T. distichum</i> × <i>T. mucronatum</i> embryos at several developmental stages, covering most of embryogenesis. Total RNA samples from six zygotic embryo developmental stages were collected for high-throughput RNA sequencing. In total, 46,798 unigenes were identified, and 12,846 differentially expressed genes were annotated. Genes involved in carbohydrate metabolic, such as glycoside hydrolase-, alpha-xylosidase- and xyloglucan endotransglycosylase-encoding genes, were over-represented in early embryogenesis. Genes associated with auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin signaling pathways and epigenetic genes related to chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, and histone deacetylase showed significant differential expression during the embryo development process. Moreover, a number of transcription factors related to embryonic development were identified, among which WUSCHEL HOMEOBOX (WOX), NO APCAL MERISTEM (NAM), and LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1) being more relevant during early and mid-embryogenesis stages. Our results will provide a valuable resource for future studies and will be helpful to the research of <i>T.</i> ‘Zhongshanshan’ breeding programs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 6","pages":"1543 - 1555"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A machine learning approach to fill gaps in dendrometer data","authors":"Eileen Kuhl,&nbsp;Emanuele Ziaco,&nbsp;Jan Esper,&nbsp;Oliver Konter,&nbsp;Edurne Martinez del Castillo","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02573-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02573-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>The machine learning algorithm extreme gradient boosting can be employed to address the issue of long data gaps in individual trees, without the need for additional tree-growth data or climatic variables.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>The susceptibility of dendrometer devices to technical failures often makes time-series analyses challenging. Resulting data gaps decrease sample size and complicate time-series comparison and integration. Existing methods either focus on bridging smaller gaps, are dependent on data from other trees or rely on climate parameters. In this study, we test eight machine learning (ML) algorithms to fill gaps in dendrometer data of individual trees in urban and non-urban environments. Among these algorithms, extreme gradient boosting (XGB) demonstrates the best skill to bridge artificially created gaps throughout the growing seasons of individual trees. The individual tree models are suited to fill gaps up to 30 consecutive days and perform particularly well at the start and end of the growing season. The method is independent of climate input variables or dendrometer data from neighbouring trees. The varying limitations among existing approaches call for cross-comparison of multiple methods and visual control. Our findings indicate that ML is a valid approach to fill gaps in individual trees, which can be of particular importance in situations of limited inter-tree co-variance, such as in urban environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 6","pages":"1557 - 1567"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00468-024-02573-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher temperatures promote intra-annual radial growth of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) in the humid Hyrcanian forests","authors":"Atiehsadat Mousavisangdehi,&nbsp;Reza Oladi,&nbsp;Kambiz Pourtahmasi,&nbsp;Vahi Etemad,&nbsp;Marcin Koprowski,&nbsp;Jan Tumajer","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02574-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02574-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>Oriental beech trees in Hyrcanian forests may exhibit a bimodal growth pattern. While water availability does not limit growth, these trees benefit from warmer weather.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Climate projections for the Hyrcanian forests predict higher temperatures and reduced rainfall. However, the impact of these changes on beech tree growth is still debated. This study investigates the intra-annual growth patterns of Oriental beech (<i>Fagus orientalis</i> Lipsky) and their responses to climatic variation within the Hyrcanian forests of northern Iran. We collected micro-cores from six healthy trees in the Sangdeh forest every week from March to September 2022. Microsections were prepared from each core, and the width of the developing tree ring was measured under an optical microscope. We fitted a generalized additive model (GAM) to the measured radial growth increments to model growth and derive daily growth rates. We then used correlations between daily tree growth rates and climatic variables considering different time lags. The results show variable growth patterns within the beech trees, including both unimodal and bimodal growth dynamics during the growing season. Analysis of climatic data indicates a significant positive correlation between temperature and growth rate, particularly with a 15-day lag, while rainfall and humidity exhibit weaker, negative correlations with growth. Surprisingly, sufficient rainfall in the study area may hinder growth due to associated cloud cover, which limits sunshine and photosynthesis. A comparison of variations in radial growth and temperature shows their tight synchronization over the growing season. In conclusion, this study offers insights into the complex interactions between climatic factors and tree growth, with implications for regional forest management and climate change adaptation strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 6","pages":"1569 - 1580"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micromorphology of the leaf structures of Aronia Medik. and Pourthiaea Decne (Rosaceae)","authors":"Yu. K. Vinogradova,&nbsp;A. V. Babosha,&nbsp;A. S. Ryabchenko,&nbsp;T. Kh. Kumachova","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02570-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02570-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>The deciduous species of the <i>Aronia</i> and <i>Pourthiaea</i> genera are differentiated by the finger-shaped colleters present on the midrib of the adaxial side and the pronounced cuticular folding.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>This work presents data on taxonomically significant features of leaf micromorphology in six deciduous species from the closely related genera <i>Aronia</i> and <i>Pourthiaea</i> of the subtribe Malinae (formerly Pyrinae, Maloideae) in the family Rosaceae. All species were found to have hypostomate leaves with numerous anomocytic stomata on the abaxial side. However, <i>Aronia arbutifolia</i>, <i>Pourthiaea arguta</i>, and <i>P. villosa</i> showed single stomata on leaf teeth on the adaxial leaf side. All species exhibited stomatal dimorphism, with a large single ‘primary’ stomata at the center of a cluster of smaller ‘secondary’ (ordinary) stomata. <i>Aronia</i> species were characterized by well-defined cuticular striations on the surface of the adaxial epidermis, as well as cuticular radial folds and peristomatic folds in both types of stomata. Cuticular folding in <i>Pourthiaea</i> species is restricted to radial folds in primary stomata and is less pronounced or absent in secondary stomata. All species of <i>Aronia</i> and <i>Pourthiaea</i> have colleters of deltoid or elongated shape in leaf teeth. In <i>A. mitschurinii</i> and <i>A. arbutifolia</i>, rounded colleters were found in the sinuses between the leaf teeth. <i>Aronia</i> species have the unique feature of forming a special type of colleters on the adaxial side of the leaf midribs. In contrast, <i>Pourthiaea</i> species lacked similar structures. The secretion of the colleters showed an intense peak at 670-674 nm with a small shoulder in the range of 695-740 nm in its fluorescence spectrum. The micromorphological features of the studied leaf structures can serve as taxonomic characters in the genera <i>Aronia</i> and <i>Pourthiaea</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 6","pages":"1509 - 1532"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of wetwood formation in silver fir (Abies alba Mill.)","authors":"Ludovic Martin,&nbsp;Nicole Brunel-Michac,&nbsp;Pierre Conchon,&nbsp;Hervé Cochard,&nbsp;Eric Badel","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02575-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02575-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>Hydraulic properties of wetwood differ from normal sapwood: hydraulic conductivity is null and water contained in wetwood is totally trapped. Wetwood could result from a bad healing of dead branches.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Wetwood is a common phenomenon in silver fir (<i>Abies alba</i> Mill.), posing technical challenges for its industrial use. In this study, we thoroughly characterized the properties of this particular wood, investigating the mechanisms governing its formation and exploring its potential physiological relevance for trees. To address these objectives, we used a wide range of techniques, offering a comprehensive insight into the structure of wetwood at different scales, from cellular to whole-tree. Our results revealed significant variability in moisture distribution in the heartwood of the silver fir trees studied, suggesting the absence of a predefined distribution pattern. The physical properties of wetwood differ from those of sapwood, notably in terms of its hydraulic conductivity, which is null. In addition, our study demonstrated that the anatomical characteristics of wetwood are identical to those of normal dry heartwood, including features such as aspirated tori in bordered pits and the absence of nuclei. These results suggest a normal initial duraminization process followed by a progressive resaturation of the heartwood of silver fir. Taken together, these observations strongly suggest that the water present in wetwood is trapped and unavailable for use by the tree, particularly under conditions of prolonged drought.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 6","pages":"1581 - 1592"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a better understanding of xylem: Helical thickenings in vessels of woody angiosperms are associated with thinner cell walls and lower vessel diameter","authors":"Anita Roth-Nebelsick,&nbsp;Mike Thiv","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02571-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02571-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The vessels of various woody plants show helical sculpturing of the internal side of the secondary wall. The occurrence of these structures, termed helical thickenings (HT), is correlated with environmental parameters. Their adaptive benefit is, however, still not well understood. Suggestions for functional effects include mechanical stabilization, support of embolism refill or enhancement of water conductance. This study considers possible associations of HT with vessel wall thickness (VWT) and vessel diameter (VD) which are two xylem traits related to water transport and mechanical stabilization. Additionally, the relationship between HT and scalariform perforation plates (SPP) was studied, because a negative correlation between SPP and VWT was reported in the literature. The analysis also addressed the phylogenetic signal of HT. Available trait data for 337 species from 60 families and different biomes were used for statistical analyses. The results show (1) a significant negative correlation between HT and VWT across different biomes that likely indicates correlated evolution, (2) a tendency of HT to occur in narrower vessels (up to a diameter of about 100 µm), (3) an uneven distribution of HT and SPP among taxonomic groups of woody angiosperms, and (4) a moderate phylogenetic signal for HT which is evolutionary more labile than SPP. Based on these outcomes, the assumption of HT as a functional asset is supported which merits further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 6","pages":"1533 - 1541"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gradual potential induced by stem bending: Douglas-fir versus poplar","authors":"Erwan Tinturier,&nbsp;Mahaut Van Rooij,&nbsp;Eric Badel,&nbsp;Nathalie Leblanc-Fournier,&nbsp;Jean-Louis Julien","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02569-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02569-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plants live in fluctuating environments and daily experience various mechanical stimuli. Wind-induced stem bending leads to local growth modification, but also induces a remote growth response at a distance from the stimulated zone, suggesting long-distance signaling. In a recent study, we revealed the propagation of an electrical response, named 'gradual potential’ (GP), induced by stem bending in poplar (<i>Populus tremula</i> × <i>alba</i>). Although similar in shape to an action potential (AP), the GP shows original characteristics as a decreasing amplitude with the distance and a high propagation speed (until 200 mm s⁻¹) that also decreases. The mechanisms of generation and propagation of the GP remain unknown. As the differences between AP and GP are mainly based on the speed of signal propagation, we focused in this additional study on the method for estimating GP speed. Furthermore, we tested the genericity of this typical bending-induced electrical response by comparing the effect of stem bending between Douglas-fir and poplar using electrophysiological measurements. In-depth analysis on a large number of biological responses confirmed the high-speed characteristics of GP and its exponential decay pattern. Electrical responses analyses on Douglas-fir showed a GP generation after stem bending. However, inter-specific differences in signal amplitude and damping were revealed suggesting a putative role of the stem anatomical structure of these species on the long-range GP generation and propagation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 6","pages":"1601 - 1608"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}