Seasonal variation of canopy vertical structural profiles measured at two temperate forests: intercomparison of tower, mast, crane, and UAV measurements
{"title":"Seasonal variation of canopy vertical structural profiles measured at two temperate forests: intercomparison of tower, mast, crane, and UAV measurements","authors":"Hongliang Fang, Yunjia Wu, Yinghui Zhang, Yao Wang, Sijia Li, Tian Ma, Yu Li, Keruo Guo","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02589-4","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>Evaluated tower, mast, crane, and UAV methods for forest vertical gap fraction, LAI, and CI measurements in different seasons. UAV is promising for forest vertical structural profiling.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>The vertical distribution of canopy structural parameters, such as canopy gap fraction, leaf area index (LAI) and clumping index (CI), is important for understanding the forest structural and functional properties. However, vertically distributed canopy structural data are rare, and current methods are either inefficient or costly for obtaining sufficient amounts of such data. This study conducted a series of field campaigns to obtain forest vertical structural measurements at two temperate forest sites in northern China from 2020 to 2023. Four different measurement systems were compared: (1) flux towers with accessible platforms at different heights, (2) a portable and extensible sampling mast with a digital hemispherical photography (DHP) camera attached on top, (3) a tower crane with a DHP camera fixed on the crane hook, and (4) an uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) with a DHP camera attached on top. The measured effective plant area index (PAI<sub>eff</sub>) shows clearly seasonal variations at different heights. The CI remains relatively consistent at different heights, and the leaf-off value is approximately 0.1−0.2 higher than the leaf-on one. The flux tower method can be used for vertical profile measurement at a fixed location, whereas the portable mast is suitable for lower-level (< 15 m) measurement. Crane measurement requires an established facility and is useful for local measurement around the crane. UAV with an attached DHP provides a promising method for monitoring vertical structural parameters. The vertical structural profiles obtained in this study can be used in various modeling and validation studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00468-024-02589-4.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Trees","FirstCategoryId":"2","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00468-024-02589-4","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"FORESTRY","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Key message
Evaluated tower, mast, crane, and UAV methods for forest vertical gap fraction, LAI, and CI measurements in different seasons. UAV is promising for forest vertical structural profiling.
Abstract
The vertical distribution of canopy structural parameters, such as canopy gap fraction, leaf area index (LAI) and clumping index (CI), is important for understanding the forest structural and functional properties. However, vertically distributed canopy structural data are rare, and current methods are either inefficient or costly for obtaining sufficient amounts of such data. This study conducted a series of field campaigns to obtain forest vertical structural measurements at two temperate forest sites in northern China from 2020 to 2023. Four different measurement systems were compared: (1) flux towers with accessible platforms at different heights, (2) a portable and extensible sampling mast with a digital hemispherical photography (DHP) camera attached on top, (3) a tower crane with a DHP camera fixed on the crane hook, and (4) an uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) with a DHP camera attached on top. The measured effective plant area index (PAIeff) shows clearly seasonal variations at different heights. The CI remains relatively consistent at different heights, and the leaf-off value is approximately 0.1−0.2 higher than the leaf-on one. The flux tower method can be used for vertical profile measurement at a fixed location, whereas the portable mast is suitable for lower-level (< 15 m) measurement. Crane measurement requires an established facility and is useful for local measurement around the crane. UAV with an attached DHP provides a promising method for monitoring vertical structural parameters. The vertical structural profiles obtained in this study can be used in various modeling and validation studies.
期刊介绍：
Trees - Structure and Function publishes original articles on the physiology, biochemistry, functional anatomy, structure and ecology of trees and other woody plants. Also presented are articles concerned with pathology and technological problems, when they contribute to the basic understanding of structure and function of trees. In addition to original articles and short communications, the journal publishes reviews on selected topics concerning the structure and function of trees.
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