Trees最新文献

{"title":"Higher temperatures promote intra-annual radial growth of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) in the humid Hyrcanian forests","authors":"Atiehsadat Mousavisangdehi,&nbsp;Reza Oladi,&nbsp;Kambiz Pourtahmasi,&nbsp;Vahi Etemad,&nbsp;Marcin Koprowski,&nbsp;Jan Tumajer","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02574-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02574-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>Oriental beech trees in Hyrcanian forests may exhibit a bimodal growth pattern. While water availability does not limit growth, these trees benefit from warmer weather.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Climate projections for the Hyrcanian forests predict higher temperatures and reduced rainfall. However, the impact of these changes on beech tree growth is still debated. This study investigates the intra-annual growth patterns of Oriental beech (<i>Fagus orientalis</i> Lipsky) and their responses to climatic variation within the Hyrcanian forests of northern Iran. We collected micro-cores from six healthy trees in the Sangdeh forest every week from March to September 2022. Microsections were prepared from each core, and the width of the developing tree ring was measured under an optical microscope. We fitted a generalized additive model (GAM) to the measured radial growth increments to model growth and derive daily growth rates. We then used correlations between daily tree growth rates and climatic variables considering different time lags. The results show variable growth patterns within the beech trees, including both unimodal and bimodal growth dynamics during the growing season. Analysis of climatic data indicates a significant positive correlation between temperature and growth rate, particularly with a 15-day lag, while rainfall and humidity exhibit weaker, negative correlations with growth. Surprisingly, sufficient rainfall in the study area may hinder growth due to associated cloud cover, which limits sunshine and photosynthesis. A comparison of variations in radial growth and temperature shows their tight synchronization over the growing season. In conclusion, this study offers insights into the complex interactions between climatic factors and tree growth, with implications for regional forest management and climate change adaptation strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 6","pages":"1569 - 1580"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micromorphology of the leaf structures of Aronia Medik. and Pourthiaea Decne (Rosaceae)","authors":"Yu. K. Vinogradova,&nbsp;A. V. Babosha,&nbsp;A. S. Ryabchenko,&nbsp;T. Kh. Kumachova","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02570-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02570-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>The deciduous species of the <i>Aronia</i> and <i>Pourthiaea</i> genera are differentiated by the finger-shaped colleters present on the midrib of the adaxial side and the pronounced cuticular folding.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>This work presents data on taxonomically significant features of leaf micromorphology in six deciduous species from the closely related genera <i>Aronia</i> and <i>Pourthiaea</i> of the subtribe Malinae (formerly Pyrinae, Maloideae) in the family Rosaceae. All species were found to have hypostomate leaves with numerous anomocytic stomata on the abaxial side. However, <i>Aronia arbutifolia</i>, <i>Pourthiaea arguta</i>, and <i>P. villosa</i> showed single stomata on leaf teeth on the adaxial leaf side. All species exhibited stomatal dimorphism, with a large single ‘primary’ stomata at the center of a cluster of smaller ‘secondary’ (ordinary) stomata. <i>Aronia</i> species were characterized by well-defined cuticular striations on the surface of the adaxial epidermis, as well as cuticular radial folds and peristomatic folds in both types of stomata. Cuticular folding in <i>Pourthiaea</i> species is restricted to radial folds in primary stomata and is less pronounced or absent in secondary stomata. All species of <i>Aronia</i> and <i>Pourthiaea</i> have colleters of deltoid or elongated shape in leaf teeth. In <i>A. mitschurinii</i> and <i>A. arbutifolia</i>, rounded colleters were found in the sinuses between the leaf teeth. <i>Aronia</i> species have the unique feature of forming a special type of colleters on the adaxial side of the leaf midribs. In contrast, <i>Pourthiaea</i> species lacked similar structures. The secretion of the colleters showed an intense peak at 670-674 nm with a small shoulder in the range of 695-740 nm in its fluorescence spectrum. The micromorphological features of the studied leaf structures can serve as taxonomic characters in the genera <i>Aronia</i> and <i>Pourthiaea</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 6","pages":"1509 - 1532"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of wetwood formation in silver fir (Abies alba Mill.)","authors":"Ludovic Martin,&nbsp;Nicole Brunel-Michac,&nbsp;Pierre Conchon,&nbsp;Hervé Cochard,&nbsp;Eric Badel","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02575-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02575-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>Hydraulic properties of wetwood differ from normal sapwood: hydraulic conductivity is null and water contained in wetwood is totally trapped. Wetwood could result from a bad healing of dead branches.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Wetwood is a common phenomenon in silver fir (<i>Abies alba</i> Mill.), posing technical challenges for its industrial use. In this study, we thoroughly characterized the properties of this particular wood, investigating the mechanisms governing its formation and exploring its potential physiological relevance for trees. To address these objectives, we used a wide range of techniques, offering a comprehensive insight into the structure of wetwood at different scales, from cellular to whole-tree. Our results revealed significant variability in moisture distribution in the heartwood of the silver fir trees studied, suggesting the absence of a predefined distribution pattern. The physical properties of wetwood differ from those of sapwood, notably in terms of its hydraulic conductivity, which is null. In addition, our study demonstrated that the anatomical characteristics of wetwood are identical to those of normal dry heartwood, including features such as aspirated tori in bordered pits and the absence of nuclei. These results suggest a normal initial duraminization process followed by a progressive resaturation of the heartwood of silver fir. Taken together, these observations strongly suggest that the water present in wetwood is trapped and unavailable for use by the tree, particularly under conditions of prolonged drought.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 6","pages":"1581 - 1592"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a better understanding of xylem: Helical thickenings in vessels of woody angiosperms are associated with thinner cell walls and lower vessel diameter","authors":"Anita Roth-Nebelsick,&nbsp;Mike Thiv","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02571-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02571-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The vessels of various woody plants show helical sculpturing of the internal side of the secondary wall. The occurrence of these structures, termed helical thickenings (HT), is correlated with environmental parameters. Their adaptive benefit is, however, still not well understood. Suggestions for functional effects include mechanical stabilization, support of embolism refill or enhancement of water conductance. This study considers possible associations of HT with vessel wall thickness (VWT) and vessel diameter (VD) which are two xylem traits related to water transport and mechanical stabilization. Additionally, the relationship between HT and scalariform perforation plates (SPP) was studied, because a negative correlation between SPP and VWT was reported in the literature. The analysis also addressed the phylogenetic signal of HT. Available trait data for 337 species from 60 families and different biomes were used for statistical analyses. The results show (1) a significant negative correlation between HT and VWT across different biomes that likely indicates correlated evolution, (2) a tendency of HT to occur in narrower vessels (up to a diameter of about 100 µm), (3) an uneven distribution of HT and SPP among taxonomic groups of woody angiosperms, and (4) a moderate phylogenetic signal for HT which is evolutionary more labile than SPP. Based on these outcomes, the assumption of HT as a functional asset is supported which merits further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 6","pages":"1533 - 1541"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gradual potential induced by stem bending: Douglas-fir versus poplar","authors":"Erwan Tinturier,&nbsp;Mahaut Van Rooij,&nbsp;Eric Badel,&nbsp;Nathalie Leblanc-Fournier,&nbsp;Jean-Louis Julien","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02569-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02569-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plants live in fluctuating environments and daily experience various mechanical stimuli. Wind-induced stem bending leads to local growth modification, but also induces a remote growth response at a distance from the stimulated zone, suggesting long-distance signaling. In a recent study, we revealed the propagation of an electrical response, named 'gradual potential’ (GP), induced by stem bending in poplar (<i>Populus tremula</i> × <i>alba</i>). Although similar in shape to an action potential (AP), the GP shows original characteristics as a decreasing amplitude with the distance and a high propagation speed (until 200 mm s⁻¹) that also decreases. The mechanisms of generation and propagation of the GP remain unknown. As the differences between AP and GP are mainly based on the speed of signal propagation, we focused in this additional study on the method for estimating GP speed. Furthermore, we tested the genericity of this typical bending-induced electrical response by comparing the effect of stem bending between Douglas-fir and poplar using electrophysiological measurements. In-depth analysis on a large number of biological responses confirmed the high-speed characteristics of GP and its exponential decay pattern. Electrical responses analyses on Douglas-fir showed a GP generation after stem bending. However, inter-specific differences in signal amplitude and damping were revealed suggesting a putative role of the stem anatomical structure of these species on the long-range GP generation and propagation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 6","pages":"1601 - 1608"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of bamboo canopy density to terrain, soil and stand factors","authors":"Xiao Zhou,&nbsp;Xuan Zhang,&nbsp;Ram P. Sharma,&nbsp;Fengying Guan","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02552-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02552-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>A\u0000nonlinear mixed effects canopy density model developed with\u0000predictor variables describing stand characteristics and soil nutrients\u0000provides a high prediction accuracy.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Canopy density (CD) of a forest stand is an indicator of describing tree vitality, tree growth, competition status, environmental condition, and climate change. CD is substantially influenced by several site and environmental factors, such as soil, terrain, and stand factors. However, the CD prediction model developed utilizing the important site and environmental factors is still lacking. This study developed a nonlinear mixed-effects (NLME) CD model using data from 259 sample plots distributed across the moso bamboo (<i>Phyllostachys edulis</i>) forests in the eight provinces of southern China. Like fast-growing tree species, moso bamboo has high rates of growth and carbon sequestration, accumulating large amount of biomass in a short period. The CD model includes the effects of factors describing characteristics of terrains, soil and forest stands. The results showed that elevation significantly affected CD. The NLME CD model developed with the significant predictors included are: stand density (N), dominant height (DH), base area (BA), total nitrogen (TN), and soil organic carbon (SOC). When modeling random effects at the provincial level, the fitting accuracy of the model was significantly improved. Among several strategies used in calibrating NLME CD model or estimating random effects, an increased accuracy was obtained with increasing number of sample plots. However, using many sample plots per province to calibrate NLME CD model may increase the inventory costs with a little gain in the accuracy. Using the two medium BA-plots in each province, slope, and elevation or two largest BA-plots at the different slope-aspect could provide a compromise between measurement cost, model use efficiency, and prediction accuracy. NLME CD model can reduce measurement requirements in the field and support forest managers for more effective bamboo forest management strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 6","pages":"1353 - 1366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth decline and wood anatomical traits in Nothofagus dombeyi populations along a latitudinal gradient in the Andes, Chile","authors":"Rosario Guzmán-Marín,&nbsp;Minhui He,&nbsp;Sergio Rossi,&nbsp;Carmen Gloria Rodríguez,&nbsp;Rocío Urrutia-Jalabert,&nbsp;Antonio Lara","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02564-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02564-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is evidence of recent declines in tree growth in the temperate forests of South America, due to the ongoing climate change. This study assessed growth-climate relationships and the xylem hydraulic architecture of coihue (<i>Nothofagus dombeyi</i> (Mirb.) Oerst) trees exposed to the warmer and drier conditions of recent decades. We selected four coihue populations along a latitudinal gradient in the Andes, Chile, corresponding to a wide range of variation in growing season precipitation (northern dry to southern wet sites). Tree-ring width was measured in 24–32 adult trees per site during the last 60 years. We measured wood anatomical traits in a subsample of four trees per site during the last 25 years. All data were correlated with climatic variables. During the studied period, SPEI-6 passed from positive to negative in all sites. Basal area increment decreased by 1.7 mm² year⁻¹ over the period 1960–2020. Tree-ring width had a positive correlation with precipitation at the drier sites and a negative correlation with maximum temperature at the wetter populations. We estimated a density of 1.78 × 10^–4 and 1.2 × 10^–4 vessels µm⁻² in the xylem of dry and wetter sites, respectively. Vessel density had a negative correlation with precipitation at the driest site and a positive correlation with maximum temperature at wetter sites. The hydraulic diameter was smaller under drier conditions, reaching 68–75 µm in the driest and wettest sites, respectively. Among the traits measured, vessel density was the most sensitive to climate. Drier and warmer conditions were associated with an increased number of smaller sized vessels, especially at the northern populations. Compared with the southern populations of our gradient, the northern populations growing at the drier sites are more sensitive to the ongoing changes in climate, and potentially more vulnerable to the even drier conditions projected for the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 6","pages":"1443 - 1457"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing wood grain and twist in a 2-year-old Eucalyptus bosistoana breeding population","authors":"Monika Sharma,&nbsp;Stephanie M. Dijkstra,&nbsp;Ashley Garrill,&nbsp;David A. Collings,&nbsp;Clemens M. Altaner","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02567-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02567-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>Radial grain patterns in young <i>E. bosistoana</i> trees are not random but are under genetic control and are correlated to other properties. Detailed high-resolution grain assessments match results from economical larger resolution techniques.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Interlocked grain affects stem properties and timber value. <i>Eucalyptus bosistoana</i> is an emerging plantation species that is supported by a breeding programme, and which shows prominent interlocked grain. Grain assessments are difficult, either restricted in their spatial resolution or resource demanding. Comparative analysis of flexible and high-resolution X-ray microtomography grain measurements were shown to match the economical splitting test. Splitting demonstrated that, on average, grain in the 2-year-old <i>E. bosistoana</i> trees was straight close to the pith becoming slightly left-handed over the first 4 mm, but then developing a strong right-handed twist reaching an average of almost 5° by 12 mm. There was, however, a large degree of variability. Further, grain measures obtained from splitting tests correlated to the observed twisting of the stems. Lastly, twisting of timber was under genetic control. The combination of a heritability (<i>h</i>^<i>2</i>) value of 0.34 and a coefficient of genetic variation value (r_g) of 44% means that our assessment techniques for young trees could be incorporated into a breeding programme.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 6","pages":"1481 - 1489"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00468-024-02567-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depressed root morphology and altered hormone signaling in Toona sinensis brought about by different forms of excessive nitrogen","authors":"Xiaochi Yu,&nbsp;Fei Yi,&nbsp;Xiaoxi Wang,&nbsp;Bingyang Liu,&nbsp;Yue Fei,&nbsp;Peng Zhang,&nbsp;Junhui Wang,&nbsp;Wenjun Ma","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02566-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02566-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Toona sinensis</i>, a precious tree species native to China, faces severe excessive nitrogen (N) stress due to escalating nitrogen deposition. The effects of excessive N (NO₃⁻, NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻ + NH₄⁺) on root morphology and physiology were investigated in 1-year-old <i>T. sinensis</i> seedlings. Under excessive NH₄⁺, root morphology traits like root surface area and volume were inhibited, and under excessive NO₃⁻, root length, surface area, and volume were more significantly suppressed. However, a minimal decrease in branch number, apical number, specific root area, and specific root length was observed under excessive NO₃⁻ + NH₄⁺. Under excessive NO₃⁻ or NH₄⁺, the activity of N-metabolizing enzymes such as glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthetase (GOGAT), nitrate reductase (NR), and nitrite reductase (NiR) in roots decreased. Under excessive N, the indole acetic acid (IAA) content in roots decreased, while the contents of abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinins (CTK) increased. Overall, excessive NO₃⁻ or NH₄⁺ induced nutrient overload, which inhibited root development in <i>T. sinensis</i>. On the other hand, hormone signaling was also modulated in response to excess N, and root morphology changed. These findings enhance our understanding of the effects of excessive N stress on <i>T. sinensis</i> and provide guidance for its plantation production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 6","pages":"1469 - 1479"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foliar application of myo-inositol inhibits the growth of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings by inducing alterations in cell wall structure and energy metabolism disorders","authors":"Yuemei Xu,&nbsp;Yuhua Chen,&nbsp;Gaofeng Zhou,&nbsp;Guidong Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02560-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-024-02560-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>Exogenous <i>myo</i>-inositol induces alterations in leaf cell wall structure and energy metabolism disorders, which may contribute to growth inhibition of trifoliate orange seedlings.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p><i>Myo</i>-inositol (MI) is widely distributed in all living organisms as a central molecule. In plants, de novo biosynthesis of MI is known to function in multiple aspects of plant growth and development. However, the consequences of MI accumulation in regulating plant growth, especially by exogenous supply, have received little attention. In this study, we characterized cell wall structure, target metabolites in energy metabolism, and gene expression changes related to MI metabolism after foliar application of MI to trifoliate orange seedlings. We observed that exogenous MI increases leaf and root MI levels and inhibits plant growth and dry mass accumulation in trifoliate orange seedlings. Additionally, we detected the downregulation of <i>PtrMIPS</i> and upregulation of <i>PtrMIOXs</i> in leaves due to the application of MI. Structural characterization and targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that exogenous MI induces alterations in leaf cell wall structure and energy metabolism disorders, which may contribute to growth inhibition of trifoliate orange seedlings. We propose and discuss a model to explain how exogenous MI exerts a negative impact on trifoliate orange seedling growth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"38 6","pages":"1391 - 1402"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}