Genome-wide investigation of the PtaGRF and PtaGIF families reveals potential targets for cone development and gibberellin signaling in Chinese pine

{"title":"Genome-wide investigation of the PtaGRF and PtaGIF families reveals potential targets for cone development and gibberellin signaling in Chinese pine","authors":"Guizhi Feng,&nbsp;Hongmei Liu,&nbsp;Chengyan Deng,&nbsp;Dan Liu,&nbsp;Yingtian Guo","doi":"10.1007/s00468-024-02580-z","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>We identified 7 <i>PtaGRF</i> and 3 <i>PtaGIF</i> genes and analyzed the potential functions of PtaGRF02-PtaGIF02 that may mediate cone development and gibberellin signaling in Chinese pine.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) and GRF-interacting factors (GIFs) act as transcription cofactors that influence plant growth and development. While these genes have been extensively studied in various plant species, a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of <i>GRFs</i> and <i>GIFs</i> in conifers has been lacking. In this study, we identified 7 <i>PtaGRFs</i> and 3 <i>PtaGIFs</i> in Chinese pine (<i>Pinus tabuliformis</i>) and conducted a detailed analysis of their motifs, domains, structures, and regulatory elements. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that GRF proteins grouped into five clades, with PtaGRFs forming a single clade. We further investigated chromosome mapping and collinearity. Through expression profiling and correlation analysis, <i>PtaGRF02</i> and <i>PtaGIF02</i> were excavated, which may play a role in cone development. Protein–protein interaction analysis indicated that these two factors could interact with proteins involved in flower development. Moreover, PtaGRF02 and PtaGIF02 were shown to interact with each other through yeast two-hybrid and BiFC assays, and they were found to interact with PtaDELLAs to modulate gibberellin (GA) signaling. Overall, our findings offer valuable genetic insights into reproductive development in conifers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Trees","FirstCategoryId":"2","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00468-024-02580-z","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"FORESTRY","Score":null,"Total":0}