Trees最新文献

{"title":"Contribution of intrusive and symplastic growths in wood fibre tip development","authors":"Adam Miodek,&nbsp;Aldona Gizińska,&nbsp;Paweł Kojs","doi":"10.1007/s00468-022-02370-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-022-02370-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>\u0000 <b>At initial stages of fibre development, radial enlargement of growing fibre tip is achieved, on average, in 37.8% intrusively and in 62.2% symplastically, whereas tip tangential enlargement is purely intrusive.</b>\u0000 </p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>In this study, we have investigated the mode of growth of black locust wood fibre tips at initial stages of their development using detailed measurements. Growth of fibre tips may be considered in three directions: axial, tangential, and radial. An axial elongation of a fibre tip was described as intrusive and related to the separation of walls of neighbouring cells. However, determination of the contribution of intrusive vs. symplastic component of growth in tangential and radial directions was missing. Semi-thin transverse sections of the vascular cambium and adjacent tissues were obtained by ultramicrotome and stained with PAS and toluidine blue. An anatomical analysis of contribution of intrusive and symplastic growths in fibre tip radial and tangential enlargement was performed. Our study showed that during its development an average wood fibre tip grows only intrusively in tangential direction and shows intrusive-symplastic growth in radial direction. On average, at initial stages of its development, a fibre tip radial enlargement is achieved in 37.8% by intrusive growth and in 62.2% by coordinated (symplastic) growth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"37 2","pages":"497 - 509"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00468-022-02370-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5057878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the galling Dasineura sp. on the structural and chemical profile of Peumus boldus stems","authors":"Lubia M. Guedes,&nbsp;Elvis Gavilán,&nbsp;Claudia Pérez,&nbsp;José Becerra,&nbsp;Narciso Aguilera","doi":"10.1007/s00468-022-02368-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-022-02368-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p><i>Dasineura</i> sp. galls develop in the vascular system of <i>Peumus</i> <i>boldus</i> stems, inhibiting phloem and fiber formation and alkaloid and fatty acid synthesis, and fostering compound synthesis towards alkanes.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p><i>Peumus</i> <i>boldus</i> is a native Chilean tree with recognized biological activity, mainly medicinal, insecticidal, and herbicidal, whose stems house the galling insect <i>Dasineura</i> sp. Galling insects have the ability to manipulate host tissues for food and shelter. With this in mind, it would be expected that the phytophagous action of <i>Dasineura</i> sp. could impact the structural and chemical composition of <i>P.</i> <i>boldus</i> stems. To prove this hypothesis, a comparative study of <i>P.</i> <i>boldus</i> stem and gall anatomy and chemical composition was performed. The galling <i>Dasineura</i> sp. induces structural alterations in the vascular cylinder of <i>P.</i> <i>boldus</i> stems, where it establishes itself. The differentiation of phloem tissue and perivascular fibers is also inhibited, forming homogeneous parenchymal tissue in the outer gall tissue. The vascular cambium assumes new functions, forming two new cell types, the parenchymatic and the nutritive cells around the larval chamber on which the larvae feed. <i>Dasineura</i> sp. also induces alterations in <i>P.</i> <i>boldus</i> stem chemical composition, redirecting compound synthesis towards alkane production and inhibiting the synthesis of one alkaloid and fatty acid, two sesquiterpenes, and three sterols in the non-galled stems. The redistribution of the accumulation sites of proteins, lipids, and reducing sugars towards the gall nutritive cells, guarantee the <i>Dasineura</i> sp. nutrition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"37 2","pages":"545 - 553"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5057641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seed fall and leaf litter relationships in Nothofagus pumilio forests: changes according to retention levels and years after harvesting","authors":"Julián Rodríguez-Souilla,&nbsp;María V. Lencinas,&nbsp;Juan M. Cellini,&nbsp;Jimena E. Chaves,&nbsp;Fidel A. Roig,&nbsp;Pablo L. Peri,&nbsp;Guillermo J. Martínez Pastur","doi":"10.1007/s00468-022-02365-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-022-02365-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key Message</h3><p>Seed fall and leaf litter production are linked by a source–sink limitation relationship in unharvested areas. The magnitude of these relationships varied differently according to the retention levels over the years-after-harvesting.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Seed fall and leaf litter influence forest regeneration, nutrient cycling, and other key ecological processes closely related to forest management. In Patagonian forests, variation of both managed and unmanaged forests over the years can influence their resilience, where the sustainability implications of harvesting are not fully understood. The aim was to analyse the relationship between seed fall and leaf litter in variable retention harvesting and unmanaged <i>Nothofagus pumilio</i> forests in the medium term. Seed production (S) and leaf litter (LL) in primary unmanaged forests and three retention types were measured over the years after harvesting (YAH). Two indexes (SI, LLI) were calculated based on basal area for both S and LL. Due to harvesting, forest structure varied between retention levels. Both seed production and leaf litter decreased in managed forests, but statistical differences were not found when comparing SI. In addition, LLI was higher in the harvested areas. Forest harvesting progressively showed an increase in LLI values over the YAH, but SI maintained similar values. For all forest types, LLI presented higher values for years with low SI, and this could be linked with a source–sink limitation relationship. Finally, managed forests provide higher values of LLI for similar values of SI, contributed mainly by unmanaged areas. Seed fall and leaf litter production evidenced alterations in the medium term after harvesting. These findings have important implications for the adjustment of forest management practices, and for the understanding of the regulation and support of ecosystem service provision.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"37 2","pages":"583 - 597"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00468-022-02365-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4952612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remarkably high blue ring occurrence in Estonian Scots pines in 1976 reveals wood anatomical evidence of extreme autumnal cooling","authors":"Ciara Greaves,&nbsp;Alan Crivellaro,&nbsp;Alma Piermattei,&nbsp;Paul J. Krusic,&nbsp;Clive Oppenheimer,&nbsp;Aleksei Potapov,&nbsp;Maris Hordo,&nbsp;Sandra Metslaid,&nbsp;Regino Kask,&nbsp;Ahto Kangur,&nbsp;Ulf Büntgen","doi":"10.1007/s00468-022-02366-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-022-02366-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>\u0000 <b>An exceptionally high number of blue rings were formed within and between Scots pine trees from Estonia in 1976: a year that is well known for its outstanding summer heatwave over Western Europe, but its extreme autumnal cooling over Eastern Europe has so far been neglected in scientific literature.</b>\u0000 </p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>‘Blue rings’ (BRs) are visual indicators of less lignified cell walls typically formed towards the end of a tree’s growing season. Though BRs have been associated with ephemeral surface cooling, often following large volcanic eruptions, the intensity of cold spells necessary to produce BRs, as well as the consistency of their formation within and between trees still remains uncertain. Here, we report an exceptionally high BR occurrence within and between Scots pine (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L.) trees at two sites in Estonia, including the first published whole-stem analysis for BRs. Daily meteorological measurements from a nearby station allowed us to investigate the role temperature has played in BR formation since the beginning of the twentieth century. The single year in which BRs were consistently formed within and amongst most trees was 1976. While the summer of 1976 is well known for an exceptional heatwave in Northwest Europe, mean September and October temperatures were remarkably low over Eastern Europe, and 3.8 °C below the 1961–1990 mean at our sites. Our findings contribute to a better eco-physiological interpretation of BRs, and further demonstrate their ability to reveal ephemeral cooling not captured by dendrochronological ring width and latewood density measurements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"37 2","pages":"511 - 522"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00468-022-02366-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4838223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tree rings, wood density and climate–growth relationships of four Douglas-fir provenances in sub-Mediterranean Slovenia","authors":"Luka Krajnc,&nbsp;Jožica Gričar,&nbsp;Jernej Jevšenak,&nbsp;Polona Hafner,&nbsp;Robert Brus","doi":"10.1007/s00468-022-02362-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-022-02362-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tree rings, wood density and the climate–growth relationship of four Douglas-fir provenances were analysed separately for the juvenile and adult phases. Four provenances were selected from an existing IUFRO provenance trial planted in 1971 based on their diameter at breast height and vitality. Increment cores were extracted from individual trees, on which we measured tree-ring widths (RW), earlywood widths (EWW) and latewood widths (LWW). Wood density was assessed in standing trees using resistance drilling. The climate–growth correlations were calculated between provenance chronologies of RW, EWW, LWW and latewood share, and the day-wise aggregated Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). The analysis was done separately for the juvenile and mature phases of growth. Provenances 1064 (Jefferson) and 1080 (Yelm) exhibited larger annual radial increments than provenances 1028 (Merrit) and 1089 (Cathlamet). The two provenances with the highest annual radial increment in the juvenile phase did not exhibit the same trend in the adult phase. In all provenances, RW, and consequently EWW and LWW, were wider in the juvenile than in adult phase. The share of latewood was in all cases higher in juvenile wood than in mature wood. All four provenances had similar wood densities in both analyzed growth phases. Our analysis showed that when selecting the most promising provenance for planting, possible changes in relative growth rate from the juvenile to adult phase need to be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"37 2","pages":"449 - 465"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4700366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of nitrogen and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria inoculation on the growth, physiological traits and nutrient absorption of intercropped Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis and Dalbergia odorifera","authors":"Yahui Lan,&nbsp;Liangning Liao,&nbsp;Xianyu Yao,&nbsp;Shaoming Ye","doi":"10.1007/s00468-022-02350-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-022-02350-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>Legume/nonlegume intercropping systems equipped with moderate nitrogen (N) application and PGPR inoculation could be exploited in eucalyptus growing areas and degraded land as an ecologically sustainable system to avoid excessive fertilization and enhance nitrogen use efficiency.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Hazardous nitrogenous fertilizers in eucalyptus monocultures are challenging for the balance between eucalyptus wood production and ecological service functions. To assess whether plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) inoculation coupled with N application may improve plant growth by increasing biomass, photosynthesis, soil nutrient supply, and nutrient uptake capacity in the intercropping system. A pot experiment was performed to evaluate the synergistic effects of N application and N-fixing PGPR on growth, physiological parameters, N accumulation and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in intercropped <i>Eucalyptus urophylla</i> × <i>Eucalyptus grandis</i> (<i>E</i>. <i>urophylla</i> × <i>E</i>. <i>grandis</i>) and <i>Dalbergia odorifera</i> (<i>D</i>. <i>odorifera</i>). N fertilization positively influenced the plant height, dry matter yield, photosynthetic characteristics, N accumulation and nitrate reductase activity of <i>E</i>. <i>urophylla</i> × <i>E</i>. <i>grandis</i> under both inoculations. The growth and physiological traits of <i>D</i>. <i>odorifera</i> improved under the N₂ (6 g N pot⁻¹) application level. <i>E</i>. <i>urophylla</i> × <i>E</i>. <i>grandis</i> inoculated with <i>Rhizobium japonicum</i> IOC 113-2 showed higher values for plant height, biomass accumulation, N accumulation and photosynthesis with N fertilization, but the growth and physiological parameters of <i>D</i>. <i>odorifera</i> responded differentially to different inoculation treatments. The results demonstrated that an appropriate N supply in combination with N-fixing PGPR inoculation of legumes could increase nutrient absorption, NUE and yield advantages in intercropped <i>E</i>. <i>urophylla</i> × <i>E</i>. <i>grandis</i> and <i>D</i>. <i>odorifera</i>; thus, this method could be recommended as an alternative planting system under N-limited conditions in agroecosystems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"37 2","pages":"319 - 330"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00468-022-02350-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4474361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biotic and abiotic drivers of stemflow carbon enrichment ratio in tropical trees","authors":"Vanessa Alves Mantovani,&nbsp;Marcela de Castro Nunes Santos Terra,&nbsp;André Ferreira Rodrigues,&nbsp;Natielle Gomes Cordeiro,&nbsp;José Marcio de Mello,&nbsp;Carlos Rogério de Mello","doi":"10.1007/s00468-022-02363-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-022-02363-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>Tree bark structure and crown area, are the main biotic drivers, and maximum rainfall intensity and seasonality are the main abiotic drivers of carbon input via stemflow in a neotropical forest.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Stemflow is an often-neglected concentrated water path in the forest, transports nutrients from the canopy along the main tree stem, through to the forest floor, thereby affecting the biogeochemical processes, and accelerating the nutrients redistribution in forest ecosystems. Here we assessed what are the effects of tree structural features (height, bark roughness, projected crown area), seasonality (wet and dry season, and previous dry period), and maximum rainfall intensity on stemflow total carbon enrichment ratios in a semi-deciduous tropical forest. The enrichment ratio allows quantifying the contribution of stemflow to delivery carbon to the forest soil. To evaluate the increase in total carbon concentration in the stemflow, we sampled and analyzed 61 rainfall events (gross rainfall, throughfall, and stemflow) and modeled the enrichment ratios using potential biotic and abiotic drivers through generalized linear models. The stemflow carbon enrichment ratios ranged from 1 to 30 relative to gross rainfall and from 0.8 to 11 relative to throughfall, which demonstrates the importance of forests on carbon cycle and to provide ecosystem services. The carbon concentration in stemflow was higher in the dry season; however, the greater rainfall amount in the wet season provided higher carbon inputs. Moreover, the carbon enrichment ratios were sensitive to variation on tree structural features and meteorological conditions, highlighting bark structure, crown area, maximum rainfall intensity, and season. Our findings demonstrate the role of the stemflow as a relevant source of total carbon input into tropical forests soils.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"37 2","pages":"467 - 483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4357692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal imaging of increment cores: a new method to estimate sapwood depth in trees","authors":"Malkin Gerchow,&nbsp;John D. Marshall,&nbsp;Kathrin Kühnhammer,&nbsp;Maren Dubbert,&nbsp;Matthias Beyer","doi":"10.1007/s00468-022-02352-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-022-02352-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The cells in tree sapwood form a network of interconnected conduits which enables the transport of water and nutrients from the tree roots to the canopy. Sapwood depth must be assessed when tree water use is estimated from sap flow velocities. However, current approaches to assess sapwood depth are either not applicable universally, or require expensive instruments, the application of chemicals or laborious field efforts. Here, we present a new method, which estimates sapwood depth by thermal imaging of increment cores. Using a low-cost thermal camera for mobile devices, we show that the sapwood–heartwood boundary is detectable by a sharp increase in temperature. Estimated sapwood depths agree with dye estimates (<i>R</i>² = 0.84). We tested our approach on a broad range of temperate and tropical tree species: <i>Quercus robur, Pinus sylvestris, Swietenia macrophylla</i>, <i>Guazuma ulmifolia</i>, <i>Hymenaea courbaril</i>, <i>Sideroxylon capiri</i> and <i>Astronium graveolens.</i> In nearly all species, the methods agreed within 0.6 cm<i>.</i> Thermal imaging of increment cores provides a straightforward, low-cost, easy-to-use, and species-independent tool to identify sapwood depth. It has further potential to reveal radial differences in sapwood conductivity, to improve water balance estimations on larger scales and to quickly develop allometric relationships.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"37 2","pages":"349 - 359"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00468-022-02352-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5132810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of support influences height and above-ground allometry but not biomass allocation to different aerial organs of an invasive vine","authors":"Tiago Soares Feitosa,&nbsp;Ellen Cristina Dantas de Carvalho,&nbsp;Robert Weingart Barreto,&nbsp;Waldir Mantovani,&nbsp;Francisca Soares de Araújo,&nbsp;Rafael Carvalho da Costa","doi":"10.1007/s00468-022-02356-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-022-02356-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>Alternative growth forms of <i>C. madagascariensis</i> (liana, shrub) did not differ with respect to biomass allocation to aerial organs or leaf area ratio contrasting to previous liana vs. tree/shrub comparisons.\u0000</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Compared to trees, lianas allocate less biomass to support functions, investing instead in stem elongation, leaf area expansion and reproduction, making them more efficient at obtaining resources in crowded stands. We hypothesized that growth form plasticity, accompanied by shifts in biomass allocation to different aboveground organs, can be advantageous to invasive liana species, enabling them to invade both crowded and open stands. We tested this hypothesis by destructively collecting the above-ground parts of individuals of a vine species invading Brazilian northeastern ecosystems. Using allometric models relating height, above-ground biomass (AGB), biomass fractions of above-ground organs and leaf area ratio (LAR) to diameter, as well as wood density (WD) and specific leaf area (SLA) measurements, we verified size, allocation and investment differences between supported and self-supporting plants. We found that a quadratic model described organ fraction vs. stem diameter allometry better than power functions employed previously. Support use allowed plants to reach greater height and AGB, but didn’t induce plasticity in fractional biomass allocation and investments (SLA, WD) or in LAR. This demonstrated that support use is not always accompanied by changes in allocation patterns as shown previously. Higher AGB and height in support-using plants allow better leaf display, resource supply to leaves and dispersal. Previous studies with the same species showed that juveniles modify biomass allocation under light limitation. These findings suggests that biomass allocation plasticity due to support use depends on how much light is a limiting factor. Developmental plasticity under different limiting factors may contribute to invasion success.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"37 2","pages":"373 - 383"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5021720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryopreservation of mature zygotic embryos, shoot bud regeneration, and field establishment of Pinus elliottii var. elliottii x Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis in vitro-derived plants","authors":"Lilian P. E. Ayala,&nbsp;Claudia V. Luna,&nbsp;Elsa A. Brugnoli,&nbsp;Fabiana D. Espasandin,&nbsp;María J. Duarte,&nbsp;Ana M. González,&nbsp;María E. Gauchat,&nbsp;Paloma Moncaleán Guillén,&nbsp;Pedro A. Sansberro","doi":"10.1007/s00468-022-02359-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-022-02359-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>The developed protocol for organogenesis, in vitro plantlet production, and cryopreservation opens the possibility for mass propagation of hybrid pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii x Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis).</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>The low seed production of the interspecific hybrid <i>Pinus elliottii</i> var. <i>elliottii</i> x <i>Pinus caribaea</i> var. <i>hondurensis</i> restricts its commercial expansion, making it necessary to ensure efficient cryopreservation and a propagation protocol with no genetic variability. Mature zygotic embryos (MZEs) were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 6-benzyladenine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ). After 45 days in culture, the highest rate of regeneration (86.7 ± 8.8%) and the maximum number of differentiated buds per responsive explant (15.5 ± 2.8) were achieved from explants cultivated on MS with BA and TDZ (0.5 μM each). Cryopreservation of zygotic embryos using a simple desiccation step and a direct immersion into liquid nitrogen did not affect regeneration and would enhance embryo storage duration. Half-strength MS enriched with sucrose (0.09 M) and gelled with gellan gum (4 g L^− 1) under forced ventilation culture was used for shoot elongation. Subsequently, 73 ± 6.7% of shoots produced roots after pretreatment with 1.25 mM indole-3-butyric acid solution for 5 min and culture on quarter-strength MS with sucrose (0.045 M). The regenerated plantlets were successfully transferred to <i>ex vitro</i> conditions. The procedure took 160 days and comprised the adventitious bud formation from cryopreserved MZEs, shoot elongation, rooting, and plantlet acclimation. Considering that water deficit is the major strain during forest establishment, a controlled experiment was carried out to determine the competence of plantlets to overcome this stress. Next, field studies assessed the survival rate and growth of 16-month-old plants. Our results indicated that the field performance of tissue-culture-derived plants is similar to seedlings and rooted cutting plants. Additionally, inter-simple sequence repeat marker analysis revealed the genetic uniformity among the in vitro-raised plants, demonstrating the reliability and validity of the procedure. Thus, the developed regeneration and cryopreservation protocol for mature zygotic embryo explants is a valuable alternative for breeding programs and commercial <i>P. elliottii</i> x <i>P. caribaea</i> propagation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"37 2","pages":"417 - 433"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00468-022-02359-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4916600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}