Topics in Current Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Organic Named Reactions in Green Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs)","authors":"Lubna Khan,&nbsp;Ahmad Hasan,&nbsp;Shakeel Alvi,&nbsp;Maryam Abbasi,&nbsp;Rashid Ali","doi":"10.1007/s41061-025-00525-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41061-025-00525-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In organic synthesis, named reactions are fundamental chemical conversions that fabricate invaluable molecules of high importance. Hence, a deep understanding of these vital reactions is a prerequisite from the organic chemistry point of view. Basically, the names of these chemical reactions are used as short forms to make it easier to talk or write in the realm of synthetic organic chemistry. Moreover, these vital chemical reactions are the background for understanding the fundamentals of organic chemistry and are robust chemical tools that attain intricacy in molecular architectures, which are otherwise daunting tasks or sometimes impossible to achieve. Therefore, keeping the importance of the organic named reactions in mind, herein, we have comprehensively detailed all literature reporting 50 named reactions taking place in deep eutectic solvents (DESs)—the eco-friendly reaction media. The authors are of the opinion that this systematic collection of such important reactions carried out under green reaction conditions will add value not only to organic syntheses but will also open new opportunities that expand the chemical space for other crucial reactions. Moreover, we believe that these all-in-one named reaction assortments will be very useful to undergraduate as well as postgraduate students, and obviously for Ph.D. scholars and the synthetic chemistry research community in general.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":802,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Current Chemistry","volume":"383 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144929300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Progress in the Diverse Synthetic Approaches to Phytosphingosine","authors":"Hangyu Bai,&nbsp;Shuguang Yang,&nbsp;Zhaoyu Wang,&nbsp;Yisheng Zhao,&nbsp;Ying Xu,&nbsp;Yanxin Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s41061-025-00518-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41061-025-00518-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phytosphingosine, a type of sphingolipids, has gained significant attention due to their diverse biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and immunomodulatory properties. These bioactive lipids, predominantly found in plant sources, play crucial roles in cellular signaling and membrane structure. In recent years, the chemical synthesis of phytosphingosine and other sphingolipids have become a major focus in organic chemistry due to the increasing demand for these molecules in pharmacological research and drug development. The synthesis of sphingosine has been extensively reported and is relatively straightforward to implement. However, the synthesis of phytosphingosine is more complex due to the presence of additional chiral centers, leading to a greater diversity of synthetic methods. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in synthetic methodologies for phytosphingosine and its analogs, including asymmetric synthesis and total synthesis using chiral auxiliaries and catalysts. By summarizing recent chemical synthesis advancements, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers interested in the biological activities and synthetic aspects of phytosphingosine and other sphingolipids.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":802,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Current Chemistry","volume":"383 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospects, Advances, and Applications of BioMOF-Based Platforms","authors":"Fangxia Zhao,&nbsp;Xunnan Wan,&nbsp;Yan Liang,&nbsp;Weidong Liu,&nbsp;Jianqiang Liu,&nbsp;Ying Pan,&nbsp;Alireza Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh,&nbsp;Xiaoxiu Li","doi":"10.1007/s41061-025-00512-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41061-025-00512-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bio-metal-organic frameworks (bio-MOFs) have emerged as a revolutionary group of hybrid materials distinguished by their exceptional biocompatibility, programmable biodegradability, and host–guest molecular recognition capabilities. This review systematically examines recent advancements in bio-MOF engineering, with particular focus on the innovative synthesis strategies and the structure–property relationships arising from their tunable pore architectures and surface functionalities. The mechanistic foundations of bio-MOFs in targeted drug delivery systems, contrast-enhanced bioimaging, and multifunctional therapeutic interventions combining anti-inflammatory and antibacterial actions are discussed in detail. Finally, in terms of future perspectives, we discuss emerging opportunities in other delivery systems, personalized medicine platforms, and sustainable environmental applications, underscoring the necessity for cross-disciplinary collaboration between materials science and molecular biology to unlock the full potential of these biohybrid systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":802,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Current Chemistry","volume":"383 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144905060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the Comparative Potential of Porous Frameworks: A Review on MOFs and COFs for Gas Sorption","authors":"Fatima Amjad,&nbsp;Arsheen Umar,&nbsp;Muhammad Haris Saeed,&nbsp;Muhammad Shahid Nazir,&nbsp;Zulfiqar Ali,&nbsp;Kun-Yi Andrew Lin,&nbsp;Jechan Lee,&nbsp;Sadaf Ul Hassan,&nbsp;Murid Hussain,&nbsp;Young-Kwon Park","doi":"10.1007/s41061-025-00517-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41061-025-00517-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gases are integral to Earth’s climate and ecosystem balance, but human activity has significantly altered atmospheric composition by increasing greenhouse gas emissions. In 2025, carbon dioxide emissions were estimated at around 39–41 billion tons, reflecting a continued increase. Emissions of carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide were expected to remain close to 2.5 billion tons, 100 million tons, and 25 million metric tons, respectively. Hydrogen sulfide emissions decreased to 15 million tons compared with the previous year. These numbers underscore the challenge of addressing human-induced climate changes. Sorbents, particularly metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), have been used in literature for their gas sorption applications. Over the past decade, modified frameworks have been explored for their potential in gas sorption by combining the advantages of the different materials involved. The properties of these frameworks can be tailored by using various functional groups, metal ions, and polymer matrices. The structures of MOFs and COFs, their synthesis methods, and gas sorption applications are discussed. In addition, the applications of modified MOFs and COFs in gas sorption and separation (CO₂ sorption from flue gas, hydrocarbon separation, separation of hydrocarbons, and iodine capture from nuclear waste), detection (NO₂ sensing), and reduction (SO₂ to reduced sulfur components) are discussed. It also explores the emerging aspects of enhancing gas sensing and capturing abilities of MOFs and COFs, analyzing their performance under different conditions of temperature, pressure, and relative humidity. The study addresses the challenges faced by existing frameworks and suggests directions for developing better materials.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":802,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Current Chemistry","volume":"383 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144897193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C(sp3)–H Bond Activation through Coordination-Assisted and Radical Mechanisms: Recent Advances and Mechanistic Insight","authors":"Mohammad Sadegh Karimtabar,&nbsp;Fatemeh Doraghi,&nbsp;Bagher Larijani,&nbsp;Mohammad Mahdavi","doi":"10.1007/s41061-025-00511-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41061-025-00511-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The direct functionalization of unactivated C(<i>sp</i>³)–H bonds is crucial for the synthesis of organic compounds, enabling the efficient generation of C(<i>sp</i>³)–X bonds (X = carbon, heteroatom) in natural products and pharmaceuticals. Despite the natural inertness of these bonds and the challenges associated with regioselectivity in alkanes, various approaches, primarily coordination-assisted and radical methods, have been developed to address these issues and enable effective catalytic activation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of transition-metal-catalyzed direct functionalization of nonactivated C(<i>sp</i>³)–H bonds. It analyzes the literature published since 2021 to showcase the most advanced methods available today and their respective limitations. This review reveals that, during this time, most efforts have concentrated on coordination-assisted methods, whereas fewer radical mechanisms have been investigated for C(<i>sp</i>³)–H bond activation. However, radical mechanisms are important because they often occur under milder conditions and typically use simpler starting materials, which are crucial for our needs. In this review, we divide reactions according to the type of metal employed (Pd, Co, Ni, Fe, Ru, Rh, Ir, or Cu) and then further on the basis of their mechanisms: coordination-assisted transition-metal mechanisms and radical mechanisms. Additionally, we occasionally categorize the reactions of metals on the basis of different directing groups: (i) native directing groups, (ii) <i>exo</i> directing groups, and (iii) traceless directing groups. This review underscores that effectively addressing the challenges associated with C(<i>sp</i>³)–H bond activation, including regioselectivity and the activation of flexible and stable C(<i>sp</i>³)–H bonds, relies on the employment of appropriate ligands in the reactions. The use of these ligands is examined in detail throughout the review.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><p>The direct functionalization of unactivated C(<i>sp</i>³)−H bonds is crucial for chemical synthesis, enabling the efficient creation of C(<i>sp</i>³)–X bonds (X = carbon, hetroatom) in natural products and pharmaceuticals. However, the inherent inertness of these bonds and regioselectivity issues in alkanes pose significant challenges for effective catalytic systems. In this review, we organize reactions according to the type of metal employed (Pd, Co, Ni, Fe, Ru, Rh, Ir, or Cu) and then further on the basis of their mechanisms: radical mechanisms and coordination-assisted transition-metal mechanisms.</p>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":802,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Current Chemistry","volume":"383 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144897194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total Syntheses of Deuterated Drugs: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Ramsha Munir,&nbsp;Ameer Fawad Zahoor,&nbsp;Samreen Gul Khan,&nbsp;Syed Makhdoom Hussain,&nbsp;Razia Noreen,&nbsp;Asim Mansha,&nbsp;Freeha Hafeez,&nbsp;Ahmad Irfan,&nbsp;Muhammad Ahmad","doi":"10.1007/s41061-025-00515-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41061-025-00515-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Deuterium is a safe bioisostere of hydrogen, and its selective labeling has a great prominence in medicinal chemistry for the amelioration of the pharmacokinetic profiles of the drugs. The deuterium-labeled pharmaceutically active compounds have been observed to exhibit broad applications, either as deuterated drugs or as pharmacokinetic probes (biomarkers). The deuterated drugs offer improved bioactivity and metabolic profile in terms of tolerability, efficacy, and reduced toxicity. In this manuscript, the synthetic strategies of various deuterated drugs including antiviral, anticancer, antiarrhythmic, antidiabetic, anticholinergic, antibiotics, antidepressants, and antipyretics have been documented. In addition, this review article also comprises a broad class of miscellaneous drugs i.e., antiasthmatic drugs, antiseptics, topical analgesics, antifibrotic agents, immunosuppressants, and central nervous system (CNS) suppressants. Additionally, the synthesis of several deuterated pharmaceutically active compounds as biomarkers has also been compiled in this review. Leveraging the modern platform of precision deuteration, this review article provides a repertoire of synthetic strategies for the synthesis of several deuterated drugs reported over a period of 2005–2024 (two decades).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":802,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Current Chemistry","volume":"383 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in Functionally Engineered Aptamers: Strategies and Applications","authors":"Mengyue Liu,&nbsp;Shicai Xu,&nbsp;Yemin Guo,&nbsp;Xia Sun,&nbsp;Giovanna Marrazza","doi":"10.1007/s41061-025-00516-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41061-025-00516-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aptamers are oligonucleotide sequences selected in <i>vitro</i> that possess advantages such as small size, non-toxicity, and ease of modification. Aptamer-based biosensing is advancing rapidly owing to the high affinity and specificity of aptamers for target molecules. Nevertheless, their relatively flexible structure and susceptibility to degradation in biological environments pose challenges for practical applications. To address these issues, researchers are developing functionally engineered aptamers through structural modifications such as chimera formation and splitting. These advancements have significantly accelerated aptamer research across multiple fields. This review highlights recent progress in functionally engineered aptamers, summarizing their construction strategies and applications in sensing. It also analyzes the characteristics of different types of engineered aptamers and their multi-field applications. Finally, current bottlenecks and future prospects are critically discussed. This review provides a systematic overview of engineered aptamers from a functional perspective, offering valuable insights for ongoing research in this dynamic field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":802,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Current Chemistry","volume":"383 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144868846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterning and Dynamics of Structured Surfaces in Metal/Covalent Organic Frameworks and Polymer Chemistry","authors":"Brij Mohan,&nbsp;Hongli Wen,&nbsp;Virender Virender,&nbsp;Neera Raghav,&nbsp;Rakesh Kumar Gupta,&nbsp;Wei Sun","doi":"10.1007/s41061-025-00514-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41061-025-00514-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Patterning techniques have significantly advanced materials science by enabling precise control over structural and functional features of materials. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and conjugated polymers possess exceptional properties, including high porosity and tunable surface chemistry, making them promising candidates for patterning strategies. This review examines how these materials can be integrated with photolithography, self-assembly, and direct writing, emphasizing their synthesis, compatibility with fabrication methods, and performance advantages. Potential applications in electronics, optoelectronics, and catalysis are discussed, along with current challenges related to stability, scalability, and device integration. Finally, the review identifies emerging directions for patterning technologies that could drive the next generation of functional devices.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":802,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Current Chemistry","volume":"383 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144810836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imidazole-, Triazole-, and Tetrazole-Based High-Energy Ionic Liquids","authors":"Poonam,&nbsp; Geetanjali,&nbsp;Ram Singh","doi":"10.1007/s41061-025-00513-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41061-025-00513-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ionic liquids (ILs) are unique materials made of cations and anions that have seen a resurgence in recent decades owing to their wide applicability. The utility of ILs in the field of high-energy molecules and energetic materials has been widely studied. These compounds have an enormous reservoir of chemical energy that can be liberated under specified conditions. With increased environmental and safety concerns, much effort has been put into developing ecologically friendly, high-energy molecules. ILs have shown the potential to be one of them. This article covers ILs based on imidazole, triazole, and tetrazole molecules as well as their synthesis, properties as high-energy molecules, and applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":802,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Current Chemistry","volume":"383 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144800933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the Potential: The Structural Wonders and Diverse Applications of Triazoles in Contemporary Science","authors":"Ayushi Bhatnagar,&nbsp;Rajendra Prasad Pakhariya,&nbsp;Gangotri Pemawat","doi":"10.1007/s41061-025-00510-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41061-025-00510-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Triazoles, a captivating class of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, have emerged as pivotal players in contemporary chemistry, drawing significant attention for their exceptional versatility and wide-ranging applications. They have become essential building blocks in modern chemistry, exhibiting remarkable adaptability in a multiple areas of utility. Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven drug discovery in medicinal chemistry has sped up the process of finding bioactive triazole derivatives with improved therapeutic potential. Green chemistry techniques, such as metal-free protocols, ionic liquid-mediated synthesis, and click chemistry, have transformed their synthesis, which guarantees sustainability, effectiveness, and low environmental impact. Beyond the pharmaceutical industry, triazoles are essential to next-generation material science, helping to create anticorrosion coatings, biosensors, and high-performance solar cells. Their incorporation into organic electronics and nanotechnology has led to revolutionary breakthroughs in several industries by greatly enhancing energy storage systems, protective coatings, and sensor sensitivity. As studies continue, combining artificial intelligence and environmentally friendly synthesis techniques broadens the range of triazole applications, confirming their position as essential facilitators of scientific and technological advancement. These advancements not only streamline the creation of triazole derivatives but also expand the scope of their applications, propelling research and development across multiple domains.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":802,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Current Chemistry","volume":"383 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144561975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}