Annals of Medicine and Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Impact of family functioning and peer pressure on nicotine dependence: a cross-sectional study among medical students in South Punjab, Pakistan.","authors":"Fakiha Sultana Malik, Areej Imtiaz, Tayyaba Abdullah, Muddassir Khalid, Zainab Salman, Muhammad Salman Nadeem, Mahnoor Fatima, Muhammad Farhan Jamil","doi":"10.1097/MS9.0000000000004859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MS9.0000000000004859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nicotine addiction among medical students is concerning, as these future healthcare providers are expected to model healthy lifestyle choices. While family and peer influences on smoking are well established globally, they remain underexplored in Punjab's cultural setting. This study aims to investigate the impact of family functioning and peer pressure on nicotine dependence among medical students in South Punjab.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July 2025 among medical students enrolled in medical colleges in South Punjab using a structured, self-administered questionnaire. Nicotine dependence was assessed using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, family functioning using the Family Assessment Device-General Functioning subscale, and peer pressure using a structured Indicators of Peer Pressure questionnaire. This study employed convenience sampling, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, independent sample <i>t</i>-test, and two-way ANOVA using SPSS version 26.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 366 students, 16.1% were smokers. Family functioning and peer pressure showed a significant interaction (<i>P</i> = 0.044), and nicotine dependence was significantly higher among students from dysfunctional families who also experienced peer pressure (<i>P</i> = 0.022). Males were more likely to smoke (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and to experience peer pressure (<i>P</i> < 0.001), and peer pressure varied by year of study (<i>P</i> = 0.028).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a need for targeted smoking cessation and gender-focused interventions among medical students, considering the interplay of family dysfunction and peer pressure. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and inform effective interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8025,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medicine and Surgery","volume":"88 5","pages":"2756-2763"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147810019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel Artificial Intelligence-assisted white light endoscopic model in the diagnosis of cardia atrophy: a multicenter study.","authors":"Fangmei An, Yao Shen, Shuping Si, Lin Ji, Zhiyi Zhou, Guifang Xu, Hongna Lu, Qian Sun, Yiwei Fu, Wenying Tian, Jiale Lv, Lili Guo, Jiawei Chen, Jinzheng Ren, Hui Cao, Guoming Lu, Yunan Zhang, Xiquan Ke, Qiang Zhan","doi":"10.1097/MS9.0000000000004895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MS9.0000000000004895","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Atrophy extends beyond the cardia is open atrophy and closely related to gastric cancer. However, there is difficulty in determining cardia atrophy under endoscopy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is multicenter prospective study, a total of 895 patients were assigned to the training and validation sets to establish a cardia atrophy diagnostic model. A total of 220 patients were included in the internal test set. Additionally, a total of 354 patients were included in the external test set. In the internal and external test sets, three senior and three junior endoscopists made online diagnoses, comparing the performance differences to the artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the internal test dataset, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the AI-assisted cardia atrophy diagnostic system were 0.927, 0.941, and 0.919, respectively, with a positivev predictive value (PPV) of 0.878, negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.962, and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.967. In the external test dataset, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.918, 0.894, and 0.931 respectively, with a PPV of 0.874, NPV of 0.943, and AUC of 0.953. Furthermore, it was found that the diagnosis accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of the AI-assisted system were all higher than those of senior endoscopists. The receiver operating characteristic curve area (AUC) of AI-assisted system was 0.967 and 0.953 in the internal and external test sets, respectively. Heat map showed a high consistency between the AI-system and endoscopists.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our newly developed AI-assisted system shows superior performance in identifying cardia atrophy compared to senior endoscopists, and can be used to guide endoscopic judgment and targeted biopsies for cardia atrophy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8025,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medicine and Surgery","volume":"88 5","pages":"2764-2771"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging risk of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) with semaglutide: a safety alert for clinicians.","authors":"Muhammad Qasim Safi, Mishgan Dayam Hussain, Nowshin Jamil Chaity","doi":"10.1097/MS9.0000000000004914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MS9.0000000000004914","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8025,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medicine and Surgery","volume":"88 5","pages":"3012-3013"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132267/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolated renal hydatid cyst in a 12-year-old girl: clinical, radiological, and surgical perspectives - a case report.","authors":"Pir Sameeullah Shah Rashdi, Saddam Hussain, Syeda Batool Haider, Syed Muhammad Ali Hasnu, Jawad Khan, Amna Kashif, Joshua Ekouo","doi":"10.1097/MS9.0000000000004819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MS9.0000000000004819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and importance: </strong>Hydatid disease, caused by <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i>, is a zoonotic parasitic infection endemic in livestock-raising regions. While the liver and lungs are the most commonly affected organs, renal involvement accounts for only 2-4% of cases, and less than 2% in children. The rarity and nonspecific presentation of renal hydatid cysts make diagnosis challenging, often mimicking other cystic renal pathologies.</p><p><strong>Aim of the study: </strong>The aim of this study is to report a rare case of isolated renal hydatid cyst in a pediatric patient and to highlight its clinical presentation, radiological features, diagnostic challenges, and surgical management. By integrating clinical, serological, and cross-sectional imaging findings, this case aims to emphasize the importance of considering hydatid disease in the differential diagnosis of complex renal cysts in children from endemic regions, and to reinforce the role of renal-sparing surgical techniques in achieving favorable outcomes while preserving renal function.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 12-year-old girl from a rural area presented with a 2-week history of dull, progressive left flank pain without urinary or systemic symptoms. Physical examination revealed a palpable, non-tender left flank mass. Laboratory findings were normal. Ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced CT of the kidneys revealed a well-circumscribed cystic lesion (10.5 × 9 cm) with internal septations, daughter cysts, and focal wall calcifications features suggestive of a hydatid cyst. Serology confirmed <i>E. granulosus</i> infection. The patient underwent successful cyst enucleation via a left flank incision, with intraoperative findings consistent with hydatid disease. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and no recurrence was noted during follow-up.</p><p><strong>Clinical discussion: </strong>Renal hydatid disease in children is extremely rare and can clinically resemble multilocular cystic nephroma or cystic renal cell carcinoma. Cross-sectional imaging combined with serology enables accurate preoperative diagnosis, guiding surgical management and preventing cyst rupture or spillage. Renal-sparing procedures, such as cyst enucleation, are preferred in pediatric patients to preserve renal function.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Isolated renal hydatid cysts, though rare in children, should be considered in endemic regions. Early recognition and renal-sparing surgery ensure favorable outcomes and functional preservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8025,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medicine and Surgery","volume":"88 5","pages":"2901-2905"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147810210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new horizon for Sjögren's disease: the FDA breakthrough designation of ianalumab.","authors":"Muhammad Qasim Safi, Mishgan Dayam Hussain, Nowshin Jamil Chaity","doi":"10.1097/MS9.0000000000004881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MS9.0000000000004881","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8025,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medicine and Surgery","volume":"88 5","pages":"3018-3019"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132268/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel factors associated with surgical conversion for duodenal perforation: case control study.","authors":"Kenjiro IShii, Erica Nishimura, Yuki Tajima, Kumiko Hongo, Hiroto Fujisaki, Motohito Nakagawa, Kiminori Takano, Osahiko Hagiwara, Toshiyuki Enomoto, Takaharu Kiribayashi, Koji Asai, Takuya Nagata, Manabu Watanabe, Yoshihisa Saida","doi":"10.1097/MS9.0000000000004860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MS9.0000000000004860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Based on initial evaluation using indication criteria, conservative treatment or surgery is selected for duodenal ulcer perforation. However, some patients fail conservative management and require surgical intervention. This study aimed to identify novel predictive factors during initial assessment that signal the need for conversion to surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study analyzed 27 patients who underwent initial conservative management for duodenal ulcer perforation at a single institution between January 2012 and July 2023. The surgical conversion rate was evaluated. Assessed variables included patient demographics, time from symptom onset to hospital admission, vital signs, inflammatory markers (e.g., C-reactive protein and white blood cell count), and computed tomography (CT) scan findings (perforation site, degree/shape of liver coverage over the perforation, and ascites volume).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 27 patients, 17 successfully completed conservative treatment (conservative group), while 10 required surgery (surgical conversion group). No significant differences were observed between groups in demographics, time to admission, body temperature, inflammatory markers, or ascites volume. However, the degree and anatomical configuration of liver coverage over the perforation site differed significantly between groups (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The anatomical relationship be the data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Tween the liver and perforation site, particularly the degree and morphology of liver coverage observed on initial CT imaging, may serve as a novel predictor for surgical conversion in patients initially managed conservatively for duodenal ulcer perforation. This finding highlights the potential role of spatial liver anatomy in guiding clinical decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":8025,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medicine and Surgery","volume":"88 5","pages":"2738-2742"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147810129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agentic AI scientists and the rise of virtual laboratories.","authors":"Chiranjib Chakraborty, Manojit Bhattacharya, Arpita Das, Md Aminul Islam","doi":"10.1097/MS9.0000000000004925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MS9.0000000000004925","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8025,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medicine and Surgery","volume":"88 5","pages":"2973-2975"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between thrombosis and bleeding: the clinical dilemma of anticoagulation after intracranial hemorrhage.","authors":"Aime Ishimwe Mugisha","doi":"10.1097/MS9.0000000000004923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MS9.0000000000004923","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8025,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medicine and Surgery","volume":"88 5","pages":"2971-2972"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147810020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concomitant recurrent follicular lymphoma and prostate adenocarcinoma detected during routine urologic follow-up: a rare case report.","authors":"Mohammad El Hussein, Jad Abdul Khalek, Oussama G Nasrallah, Charlie Layoun, Riad Khouzami, Bassel G Bachir","doi":"10.1097/MS9.0000000000004835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MS9.0000000000004835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and importance: </strong>Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common solid malignancy in men, while follicular lymphoma is the second most frequent subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Prostatic involvement by lymphoma is rare, and synchronous occurrence of both malignancies in the prostate is exceedingly uncommon.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 64-year-old man with a history of follicular lymphoma in remission presented for routine prostate screening. Despite a low prostate-specific antigen (PSA; 1.03 ng/mL), digital rectal exam and magnetic resonance imaging revealed suspicious lesions. Biopsy confirmed Gleason 3 + 4 = 7 adenocarcinoma in the right peripheral zone and recurrent Grade 3a follicular lymphoma in the left. PET imaging confirmed Stage IV lymphoma. The patient began active surveillance for prostate cancer and systemic treatment planning for relapsed lymphoma.</p><p><strong>Clinical discussion: </strong>This case highlights the diagnostic complexity of dual malignancies in the prostate. Prostate adenocarcinoma typically presents with PSA elevation or abnormal digital rectal findings, but PSA may be normal in clinically significant disease. Follicular lymphoma of the prostate is often asymptomatic and underrecognized, especially when PSA is not markedly elevated. Histological examination with immunohistochemistry is essential to distinguish between inflammatory infiltrates, adenocarcinoma, and lymphoma. Literature review shows few reported cases of concurrent prostate adenocarcinoma and follicular lymphoma and none involving recurrent systemic disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clinicians should maintain a broad differential when evaluating prostate lesions, especially in patients with a history of lymphoma. Early identification of coexisting malignancies ensures tailored, multidisciplinary management.</p>","PeriodicalId":8025,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medicine and Surgery","volume":"88 5","pages":"2917-2922"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147810054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triboelectric metamaterial stents: self-powered motility monitoring in post-esophagectomy conduits.","authors":"Zarqa Yasin, Maryam Nasir, Noor Ul Ain Saleem, Abdul Haseeb Hasan","doi":"10.1097/MS9.0000000000004905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MS9.0000000000004905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anastomotic leaks following esophagectomy remain a major source of morbidity and mortality, yet current postoperative surveillance relies on intermittent imaging and clinical assessment, which may delay recognition. There is a paucity of objective, ongoing gastric conduit function monitoring. We suggest a self-powered stent made of triboelectric metamaterials that produce electrical signals by capturing mechanical energy from peristaltic motion. The conduit's cyclic deformation generates measurable intraluminal pressure data that is wirelessly delivered for analysis in real time. Motility profiles that deviate from expectations may be early signs of anastomotic compromise. While earlier research validates the accuracy of intraluminal pressure monitoring in the gastrointestinal tract, recent developments in triboelectric nanogenerators and implantable biodegradable devices support the viability of this strategy. A unique approach to ongoing postoperative surveillance is provided by integrating triboelectric energy harvesting with stent design, which may enable earlier leak detection and improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8025,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medicine and Surgery","volume":"88 5","pages":"3000-3001"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147810165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}