Uncommon clinical manifestation of tracheomalacia in a 29-year-old adult: a rare case report.

Abstract

Introduction: Tracheomalacia (TM) is characterized by a high degree of compliance. Our case is unique since it is thought to be the most common congenital tracheal defect, which is uncommon in adults, with the long-lasting symptoms and the absence of classic risk factors. A wide range of symptoms, such as stridor, wheezing, barking cough, and cyanotic episodes, are indicative of TM.

Case presentation: A 29-year-old male with a history of shortness of breath, hoarseness of voice, and difficulty swallowing for 8 years presented with symptoms. Upon physical examination, the patient appeared unwell but not dyspneic. A bronchoscopy showed obstruction of the tracheal lumen during expiration, narrowing of both main bronchus, and reduced peak expiratory flow, and the CT scan confirmed the diagnosis.

Clinical discussion: TM was diagnosed in our 29-year-old patient despite his medical history which was free of risk factors. His clinical manifestations, alongside Bronchoscopy and CT findings, prompted doctors to consider TM, although it is extremely rare in such ages. TM can be treated with Y-shaped stents but there are currently no conclusive signs that demonstrate the necessity of surgery in management.

Conclusion: This unique case highlights the need for increased awareness and early detection of such uncommon presentations in adult patients. Undoubtedly, additional case reports and research on these patients will improve our knowledge and ability to treat adult TM.