The balance between N1 and N2 neutrophils implications for breast cancer immunotherapy: a narrative review.

IF 1.7 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
Annals of Medicine and Surgery Pub Date : 2025-05-12 eCollection Date: 2025-06-01 DOI:10.1097/MS9.0000000000003361
Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu
{"title":"The balance between N1 and N2 neutrophils implications for breast cancer immunotherapy: a narrative review.","authors":"Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu","doi":"10.1097/MS9.0000000000003361","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neutrophils, essential components of the innate immune system, exhibit remarkable plasticity in the tumor microenvironment, shifting between anti-tumoral (N1) and pro-tumoral (N2) phenotypes. This functional dichotomy is particularly significant in breast cancer, where N1 neutrophils contribute to tumor suppression by enhancing cytotoxicity and immune activation, while N2 neutrophils promote tumor progression through immunosuppression, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment, driven by factors such as TGF-β, IL-6, and hypoxia, orchestrates this polarization, profoundly influencing disease progression and therapeutic outcomes. The interplay between neutrophil polarization and breast cancer immunotherapy presents both challenges and opportunities. Pro-tumoral N2 neutrophils often hinder the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors and other immunotherapies by suppressing T-cell function and facilitating tumor immune evasion. Conversely, strategies to reprogram neutrophils toward the N1 phenotype, including TGF-β inhibitors, CXCR2 antagonists, and epigenetic modulators, show promise in restoring anti-tumoral activity. Novel approaches, such as nanoparticle-mediated delivery of neutrophil-targeting agents, further expand the potential for precision immunotherapy by selectively modulating neutrophil phenotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8025,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medicine and Surgery","volume":"87 6","pages":"3682-3690"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12140754/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Annals of Medicine and Surgery","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MS9.0000000000003361","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/6/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Neutrophils, essential components of the innate immune system, exhibit remarkable plasticity in the tumor microenvironment, shifting between anti-tumoral (N1) and pro-tumoral (N2) phenotypes. This functional dichotomy is particularly significant in breast cancer, where N1 neutrophils contribute to tumor suppression by enhancing cytotoxicity and immune activation, while N2 neutrophils promote tumor progression through immunosuppression, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment, driven by factors such as TGF-β, IL-6, and hypoxia, orchestrates this polarization, profoundly influencing disease progression and therapeutic outcomes. The interplay between neutrophil polarization and breast cancer immunotherapy presents both challenges and opportunities. Pro-tumoral N2 neutrophils often hinder the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors and other immunotherapies by suppressing T-cell function and facilitating tumor immune evasion. Conversely, strategies to reprogram neutrophils toward the N1 phenotype, including TGF-β inhibitors, CXCR2 antagonists, and epigenetic modulators, show promise in restoring anti-tumoral activity. Novel approaches, such as nanoparticle-mediated delivery of neutrophil-targeting agents, further expand the potential for precision immunotherapy by selectively modulating neutrophil phenotypes.

N1和N2中性粒细胞的平衡对乳腺癌免疫治疗的影响:一个叙述性的回顾。
中性粒细胞是先天免疫系统的重要组成部分,在肿瘤微环境中表现出显著的可塑性,可以在抗肿瘤表型(N1)和促肿瘤表型(N2)之间转换。这种功能上的二分法在乳腺癌中尤为显著,其中N1中性粒细胞通过增强细胞毒性和免疫激活来抑制肿瘤,而N2中性粒细胞通过免疫抑制、血管生成和转移来促进肿瘤进展。在TGF-β、IL-6和缺氧等因素的驱动下,肿瘤微环境协调了这种极化,深刻地影响了疾病的进展和治疗结果。中性粒细胞极化与乳腺癌免疫治疗之间的相互作用带来了挑战和机遇。肿瘤前N2中性粒细胞通常通过抑制t细胞功能和促进肿瘤免疫逃避来阻碍免疫检查点抑制剂和其他免疫疗法的疗效。相反,对中性粒细胞进行N1表型重编程的策略,包括TGF-β抑制剂、CXCR2拮抗剂和表观遗传调节剂,显示出恢复抗肿瘤活性的希望。新方法,如纳米颗粒介导的中性粒细胞靶向药物的递送,通过选择性调节中性粒细胞表型进一步扩大了精确免疫治疗的潜力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Annals of Medicine and Surgery
Annals of Medicine and Surgery MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL-
自引率
5.90%
发文量
1665
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信