Annals of botany最新文献

{"title":"Transcriptomic responses of Antarctic plants to in situ warming: Uncovering molecular mechanisms behind physiological adjustments.","authors":"Kyungwon Min, Syahril Sulaiman, Jungeun Lee, León A Bravo, Patricia L Sáez, Hyoungseok Lee","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaf108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Previous studies using open-top chambers to simulate warming in Antarctic field conditions have shown distinct physiological responses between the two Antarctic vascular plants Colobanthus quitensis and Deschampsia antarctica. While C. quitensis exhibited significantly increased photosynthetic capacity and growth under in situ warming conditions, D. antarctica showed no differences in these parameters. To understand the differences in ecological strategies of these plants in response to climate change, it is important to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying physiological responses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Transcriptome profiling was performed on plants from open-top chambers and control open area on King George Island, after three growing seasons. Differential gene expression was analyzed using RNA sequencing, followed by Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses to identify key biological processes affected by in situ warming.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>C. quitensis exhibited significant upregulation of photosynthesis-related genes, including aquaporins, carbonic anhydrases, and Rubisco activase, enhancing CO2 diffusion and assimilation. Conversely, D. antarctica showed downregulation of photosynthesis pathways but upregulation of genes related to flowering, including flowering-promoting factor and phytochrome-regulatory proteins. Both species showed molecular signatures suggesting reduced freezing tolerance under warming conditions, potentially increasing their susceptibility to frost damage.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results indicate distinct ecological strategies in response to in situ warming between the two plants. While C. quitensis enhances its photosynthetic efficiency, D. antarctica appears to accelerate its reproductive phase rather than focusing on growth. These findings contribute to our understanding of how Antarctic plants may response to ongoing climate changes, with potential implications for their future resilience to extreme environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wikidata for Botanists: Benefits of collaborating and sharing Linked Open Data.","authors":"Sabine von Mering, Siobhan Leachman, Joaquim Santos, Heidi M Meudt","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaf062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Wikidata is a multilingual linked open knowledge base to which anyone can contribute that contains multitudes of botany-related information. Wikidata reveals interactions between entities and connects botany-related information from multiple institutions and other sources, benefiting the botanical community in numerous ways. The aim of this article is to give an overview of Wikidata from a botany perspective and issue a call to action to the botanical community to collectively improve the quantity and quality of information related to botany, botanists, and botanical collections, in Wikidata. Here, we use a broad definition of botany to include the study of many different taxa and specialisations.</p><p><strong>Scope: </strong>Wikidata contains botany-related data and identifiers for botanists and botanical collectors, botanical taxa, natural history institutions and collections, botany-related publications, geographical locations, research expeditions, as well as genes, genetic variants, chemical compounds, diseases, and more. As an open, collaborative, and community-curated knowledge base, Wikidata enables different communities to add and link data related to botany and empowers the querying and reuse of this data via digital tools such as the Wikidata Query Service, Bionomia, Scholia, TL-2, and Expeditia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Collaboration is key in botany and Wikidata, and the sharing and enriching of botany-related Linked Open Data benefits us all. Several resources, including ethical and legal guidelines, are available for botanists to edit, use, reuse, roundtrip, and teach Wikidata. We call on all botanists to be active participants in Wikidata, improving the quality, quantity, and linking of botany-related data. Our individual and collective actions can help harness the power of Linked Open Data to answer important queries in the field, improve accessibility of herbaria, increase visibility of botanists and their scientific contributions, integrate Wikidata into the classroom, support the Madrid Declaration strategic actions, achieve our collective goals, and ultimately make botany-related information more FAIR and equitable.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144245962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanded character sampling inspired by a new Cretaceous conifer seed cone from California: importance of morphology in resolving relationships among the Cupressaceae.","authors":"Kelly Pfeiler, Alexander C Bippus, Ashley Ortiz, Ashley R Kammet, Ignacio H Escapa, Alexandru M F Tomescu","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaf099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Cupressaceae are unique as a conifer family for their exceptionally high morphological diversity, particularly as expressed in seed cones. Their fossil record parallels this pattern and has yielded morphologies not represented in the modern flora. Describing diversity over the entire geologic history of the family and utilizing these data in a phylogenetic framework provides opportunities to explore evolutionary relationships among fossil and extant members to understand patterns of morphological evolution in the family.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We describe a new cupressaceous fossil seed cone from the Early Cretaceous (Albian/Aptian boundary; 125 Ma) of California. We construct a novel set of discrete and continuous characters that sample exclusively seed cone morphology and anatomy to explore the evolutionary relationships of the new fossil among living and extinct Cupressaceae, with emphasis on the taxodiaceous grade.</p><p><strong>Keyresults: </strong>The seed cone represents a new genus and species, Athrosequoia walkeri Pfeiler et al., and the oldest member of the family having peltate ovuliferous complexes. A. walkeri possesses a combination of characters encountered in several living taxodiaceous Cupressaceae subfamilies: Athrotaxoideae, Sequoioideae, and Taxodioideae. This novel combination of characters differentiates it from all previously known genera and consistently supports its stable phylogenetic placement among the taxodiaceous grade.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study documents additional morphological diversity of taxodiaceous Cupressaceae in the Early Cretaceous. The new character matrix highlights the power of seed cone characters in resolving phylogenetic relationships of fossil species, when combined with tree topology constraints based on results of molecular phylogenetics. Within this framework, additional taxon sampling, alongside denser sampling of morphological characters of living taxa, could provide excellent opportunities to understand both the phylogenetic position of extinct taxa and morphological evolution in the family.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lack or excess of autophagy leads to premature leaf senescence probably due to unbalanced nutrient management.","authors":"Maxence James, Jacques Trouverie, Anne Marmagne, Fabien Chardon, Julie Frémont, Philippe Etienne, Céline Masclaux-Daubresse","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaf050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Macroautophagy is essential for the degradation and recycling of various macromolecules in eukaryote cells. In plants, autophagy is involved in the degradation of damaged chloroplasts in response to stress. Autophagy is a key player in nitrogen management at the whole-plant level, and autophagy mutants display strong defects in nitrogen remobilization and early leaf senescence phenotypes especially under nitrogen source limitation. It is known that leaf senescence is associated to nutrient remobilization processes and is induced by nitrate limitation. However, it remains to be determined which actors are involved in this interplay and whether nutrient remobilization acts as a signal that enhances leaf senescence or whether senescence-associated chloroplast degradation promotes nutrient remobilization. In this context, our aim is to demine whether the level of autophagy activity controls leaf longevity and influences the progress of leaf senescence balancing resources and waste management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we used Arabidopsis autophagy knock-out mutants (atg) and plants overexpressing autophagy associated genes (ATG8-OE) to compare their phenotypes to wild type under both sufficient nitrate condition and nitrate starvation.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>The transfer from nitrate-sufficient conditions to nitrate starvation accelerated leaf senescence in all the genotypes. Unexpectedly, under both sufficient and nitrate-starved conditions, both atg mutants and ATG8 over-expressors exhibited earlier leaf senescence phenotypes compared to wild type. Given that autophagy is a longevity factor, the more severe leaf senescence phenotype of over-expressors was puzzling. This study highlights a relationship between autophagy, nitrogen remobilization and leaf senescence and shows how the fine tuning of nutrient management can influence senescence onset.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The fine-tuning of autophagy is necessary to control leaf senescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogeography and diversification dynamics of the megadiverse plant genus Cyperus (Cyperaceae, Poales).","authors":"Luciana Pereira-Silva, Rafael Trevisan, Marcial Escudero, Suzana Alcantara, André Rodolfo de Oliveira Ribeiro, Isabel Larridon","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaf117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Species richness varies across the clades of the tree of life and regions of the globe. To understand the nature of such asymmetry in species richness, studies have investigated different aspects of the evolutionary history of organisms. The genus Cyperus (c. 960 species) is a megadiverse lineage within the monocot family Cyperaceae. Here, we investigate the tempo and mode of diversification of this sedge lineage, which is remarkable for its exceptional morphological diversity and the high number of species using C4 photosynthesis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a dated phylogeny with 248 taxa and phylogenetic comparative analyses, we reconstructed the biogeographical history and diversification dynamics of Cyperus. We also tested the effect of photosynthetic type and dispersal unit type on diversification rates using SSE models.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>Cyperus most likely originated in Africa during the Early Oligocene and began diversifying in the Miocene. A high frequency of dispersal events from Africa to other regions was estimated, including unconnected landmasses, suggesting multiple events of long-distance dispersal throughout the evolutionary history of the genus. The entire spikelet was reconstructed as the ancestral dispersal unit in Cyperus. C4 photosynthesis likely evolved in Cyperus during the Early Miocene, with Africa as its center of origin. Net diversification rates were higher in lineages exhibiting C4 photosynthesis than in C3 lineages. The evolution of C4 photosynthesis, along with the combined effect of other unmeasured factors, may have driven diversification in Cyperus. However, we found no evidence that the type of dispersal unit influenced diversification rates in the genus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The biogeographical history of Cyperus was shaped by multiple long-distance dispersal events that played an important role in establishing the current distribution pattern of the genus. While the C3-C4 transition was probably important for diversification, photosynthesis alone does not explain the high diversity of the Cyperus, suggesting a more complex macroevolutionary pattern.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungus-infected Meiogyne flowers offer a brood site for beetle pollinators in a tripartite nursery pollination system.","authors":"Ming-Fai Liu, Junhao Chen, Bine Xue, Rui-Jiang Wang, Richard M K Saunders","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaf116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Fungi are widely known for their pathological impact on flowers, but some play a beneficial role in pollination. The inner petal corrugation of Meiogyne hainanensis (Annonaceae) in Hainan, China was reported to be prone to fungal infection and hypothesised to be a potential brood site for insects. We therefore investigate whether nursery pollination system occurs in this species and whether the fungi play a mutualistic role.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Floral phenology and pollinator activity were observed. Effective pollinators were identified by assessing the presence of pollen grains on floral visitors retrieved from pistillate-phase flowers. Floral odour was characterised using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. To assess the fungal composition of post-anthetic flowers and the gut contents of pollinators, ITS2 metabarcoding was performed.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>The flowers emit a fruity scent composed of mostly sesquiterpenes, aliphatic esters, aliphatic ketones and aliphatic alcohols, attracting the effective beetle pollinators Paraphloeostiba sp. (Staphylinidae) and Mimemodes sp. (Monotomidae). The pollinators mated and oviposited onto the adaxial corrugation of the inner petals. After the end of anthesis, filamentous fungi grew extensively on these corrugated tissues. The flower has an unusually long post-anthetic phase that lasts up to two months, during which the fungus-infested petals remain arboreal. Upon hatching, the Paraphloeostiba and Mimemodes larvae consumed the fungal mycelia. ITS2 metabarcoding analysis reveals that the larval diet and the fungal community of the inner petal corrugation were primarily composed of ascomycete fungi, such as Fusarium, Penicillium and Cladosporium species, suggesting that the fungi provide a food reward for the pollinator's brood.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Meiogyne hainanensis exhibits brood-site pollination in which filamentous fungi are an essential mutualistic partner. The fungal partners appear to consist of opportunistic fungi that are also fruit pathogens. These findings provide insights into the possible origin of tripartite nursery pollination system.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significant difference in Miscanthus species root carbon exudation rate.","authors":"Amanda J Holder, Rebecca Wilson, Karen Askew, Paul Robson","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaf113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The cultivation of Miscanthus, a giant perennial grass and promising biomass crop, is expected to increase globally in response to climate mitigation policies and sustainable agriculture goals. Little is known about root carbon (C) exudation and fine root architecture, or how this might differ between Miscanthus species. To understand the functional biology of three diverse Miscanthus species, and to evaluate impacts on soil C cycling, this study aims to quantify root C exudation rates and track fine root growth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We use a controlled environment with plants grown in rhizotron boxes (28 litre) to quantify living root C exudation rates and fine root growth of M. sacchariflorus, M. sinensis and M × giganteus. Weekly non-destructive images of visible roots were analysed for root length density (RLD) and root diameter during the growing season. Above and below ground biomass, and C and nitrogen content, were also recorded immediately after exudate sampling.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>The exudation rate was significantly lower for M. sacchariflorus compared to M. sinensis and M × giganteus (0.0 vs 0.6 g C g-1 root Md y-1). Coupled with this M. sacchariflorus had greater above ground biomass, a lower increase in root mass, and a larger root C concentration. Rapid root growth was observed, especially for M × giganteus where RLD (0-30 cm depth) was higher compared to both M. sacchariflorus and M. sinensis in the earlier growth weeks.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results reveal a possible fundamental difference in nutrient resource acquisition and allocation between M. sacchariflorus versus M. sinensis and M × giganteus. We estimate that Miscanthus root C exudation could add up to 2 g C kg soil-1 month-1 (during the peak growing season), a considerable influx of new labile C. This unique insight into differences in Miscanthus exudation indicates the potential for targeting Miscanthus breeding for enhanced soil C sequestration.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased nitrate uptake by plants in response to nitrogen addition and mowing in a temperate grassland.","authors":"Jinglei Tang, Junjie Yang, Yi Zhu, Lu Bai, Shidong Cui, Xingguo Han, Haiyan Ren","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaf112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Plants absorb different forms of nitrogen (N) from the soil, which influences biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. However, how N uptake responding to different N addition rates and traditional mowing practices remains largely unexplored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A field experiment was carried out to examine the effects of six N addition rates (0, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 g N m-2 yr-1) and mowing on N uptake. Using a 15N labeling method, we quantified ammonium, nitrate, and glycine absorption by the dominant rhizomatous grass (Leymus chinensis) and three common bunchgrass species (Stipa grandis, Agropyron cristatum and Achnatherum sibiricum) in a temperate grassland.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>Our results showed an overall N acquisition pattern across all species in the control: ammonium (46% to 51%) > nitrate (27% to 41%) > glycine (10% to 26%). Nitrogen addition increased nitrate uptake while decreasing glycine uptake, with ammonium uptake enhanced only in the rhizomatous grass, L. chinensis. Mowing increased nitrate uptake by 5% to 12%. However, the interactive effects between N addition and mowing had no significant effect on plant N uptake. Structural equation modeling revealed that both N addition and mowing reduced the NH4+/NO3- ratio, thereby promoting nitrate uptake.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight distinct N acquisition strategies between rhizomatous and bunchgrass species in response to N addition and mowing. The greater uptake of nitrate compared to ammonium aligns with the increasing trend of nitrate deposition. Future rises in nitrate deposition may favor the succession of common plant species, especially dominant ones, potentially enhancing ecosystem stability and mitigating the negative effects of N deposition.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the numbers: current state of knowledge of chromosome number counts in big plant genera.","authors":"Rogelio Sánchez-Villegas, Inés Gómez-Ramos, Diana Cruz Tejada, Jacopo Franzoni, Marcial Escudero, Angelino Carta","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaf111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The plant nuclear genome is organized into discrete chromosomes, whose count is amongst the primary information for the description of an organism and our understanding of its differentiation and adaptation. Whilst species diversity is not evenly distributed across flowering plant genera, it is unknown whether the extraordinary taxonomic diversity exhibited by 86 big genera, collectively accounting for a quarter of all currently accepted angiosperm species, is supported by adequate chromosome number information.</p><p><strong>Scope: </strong>Leveraging data from the Chromosome Count Database (CCDB), we assessed current knowledge of chromosome counts in big plant genera. We do not have any assumption concerning the overall amount of chromosome data collectively available for these genera, but we expected that current knowledge is not complete and it has been shaped by main historical events influencing cytogenetics and comparative genomics during the last century. We also hypothesized that chromosome counts are limited for those genera exhibiting higher taxonomic uncertainty and geographical or biological features that hamper plant sampling and reproduction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, the proportion of species with at least one chromosome count is low (14%) with temporal trend revealing an unequivocal decline in counts acquisition after the 90s, coinciding with advances in DNA amplification and sequencing and molecular phylogenetics. In addition, logistic regressions confirmed our expectations that the proportion of species with chromosome count per genus is lower for genera with a tropical distribution, being primarily trees or exhibiting specialised pollination to complete sexual reproduction. Contrary to our expectations, taxonomic uncertainty is strongly positively associated with the availability of chromosome counts per genus. We argue that a higher taxonomic uncertainty has promoted more sampling to aid the circumscription of plant species, highlighting the crucial role of chromosome variation in identifying genomic traits that have supported the diversification of big plant genera.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climatic oscillations, dispersibility and adaptability behind worldwide mountain radiations of the Helichrysum- Anaphalis-Pseudognaphalium (HAP) clade (Compositae).","authors":"Carme Blanco-Gavaldà, Renske E Onstein, Luís Valente, Thijs Janzen, Santiago Andrés-Sánchez, Nicola Bergh, Juan Antonio Calleja, Pau Carnicero, Òscar Castillo, Glynis V Cron, Frederik Leliaert, Lucía D Moreyra, Genís Puig-Surroca, Sylvain G Razafimandimbison, Alfonso Susanna, Cristina Roquet, Mercè Galbany-Casals","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaf110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Mountain ecosystems are recognised as biodiversity hotspots. However, the origins of their remarkable diversity remain unresolved. We explore this question by focusing on the HAP clade (Helichrysum-Anaphalis-Pseudognaphalium), a megadiverse lineage within the Compositae family that spans tropical and temperate mountain and lowland systems worldwide. The existence of multiple high-elevation clades provides an opportunity to address hypotheses regarding the impact of trait innovation, climatic oscillations, dispersal and niche lability in the diversification of mountain lineages.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To investigate the biogeographic history and diversification dynamics of the HAP clade, we built a time-calibrated phylogeny of 560 taxa (62% of the species) based on 989 nuclear loci. We examined the frequency of inter-mountain dispersal and lowland-to-mountain transitions and vice versa, tested whether diversification rates were dependent on time, climate or species diversity, and assessed the impact of bract colour on diversification rates using state-dependent speciation-extinction models. Additionally, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of two functional traits (bract colour, life form) and ecological preferences (elevational range, habitat) and explored potential correlations between them.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>The HAP clade extensively speciated during the Pleistocene, when net diversification rates nearly quadrupled, coinciding with parallel mountain radiations on multiple continents. The clade followed a pattern of nested radiations, with southern African mountains serving as initial diversity source and other mountain systems acting primarily as sinks. High-elevation ecosystems also contributed to lowland biodiversity. Diversification rates in high-elevations are independent of bract colour, yet significant trait-environment associations were supported. Functional traits and ecological preferences evolved repeatedly, with a tendency toward montane open habitat ecologies and chamaephytic life forms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that mountains do not fit the classic island model for the HAP clade due to its high permeability across heterogeneous environments, high dispersibility and ability to thrive in both high- and low-elevations. However, the clade's evolutionary lability enabled repeated trait acquisition, niche shifts and microhabitat specialisation. This, coupled with Pleistocene climatic instability, likely played a significant role in driving allopatric and ecological speciation at different geographical scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}