Annals of botany最新文献

{"title":"Shining the light on cotyledon and true leaf adaxial and abaxial stomatal patterns. A commentary on 'Carbon dioxide or photosynthetically active radiation? Evaluation of the significance of individual environmental factors that control leaf stomatal development'.","authors":"Hanna Hõrak","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcag016","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aob/mcag016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":"iv-v"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13095873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145987541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CATION AMINO ACID TRANSPORTER1 encodes an arginine transporter whose expression is influenced by daylength and Photoperiod-1.","authors":"Marianna Pasquariello, Yue Qu, Adam Gauley, Adam Bentham, Laura E Dixon, Scott A Boden","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf206","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aob/mcaf206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Flowering and inflorescence development of wheat involve coordination of organ development, tissue growth, and remobilization of nutrients from source to sink tissue. Photoperiod-1 (Ppd-1) is a major flowering gene that regulates diverse genetic pathways during inflorescence development, including those that determine spikelet and floret formation; however, it is not yet known if Ppd-1 influences the expression of genes encoding proteins that transport nutrients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here, we used transcriptome data from near-isogenic lines that contain variant Ppd-1 alleles to show that Ppd-1 is required for expression of a cation amino acid transporter, CATION AMINO ACID TRANSPORTER1 (CAT1), in developing inflorescences and leaves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The influence of Ppd-1 on CAT1 expression is supported by CAT1 activity being photoperiod-responsive, with CAT1 transcripts absent in short days and accumulating as daylengths extend. Functional analysis using Xenopus oocytes supports a role for CAT1 as a transporter of cationic amino acids, including arginine, and characterization of mutant lines lacking functional CAT-D1 and CAT-B1 show that CAT1 influences amino acid levels, root growth and spikelet development.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results indicate Ppd-1 has a broader role during wheat reproductive development by affecting the expression of amino acid transporters such as CAT1, which encodes an arginine transporter that influences development and growth of source and sink tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":"1001-1012"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13095878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145084824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental context shapes sex-specific costs of reproduction in a dioecious plant.","authors":"Matthew T Gibson, R J Neil Emery, Marcel E Dorken","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf296","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aob/mcaf296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Trade-offs between current reproduction and future performance are fundamental constraints on evolution. In dioecious plants, females and males can differ in how much of a limiting resource they allocate to reproduction, creating trade-offs that could be sex specific and environmentally dependent. If so, physiological differences in resource use are expected to coincide with differential costs of reproduction for females versus males, but how these costs are expressed across environmental contexts remains poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We tested the hypothesis that the expression of sex-specific reproductive trade-offs is environmentally dependent in dioecious broadleaf arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia). We conducted a 2-year common garden experiment manipulating nutrient availability and reproductive investment to quantify sex-specific physiological costs using photosynthetic measurements and indices of nitrogen content.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>As expected, the expression of reproductive trade-offs depended on both sex and resource availability. At the lowest nutrient level, males experienced reproductive costs as reduced leaf nitrogen content and photosynthesis following flowering in year 1 and as reduced leaf nitrogen content and size in year 2. Across all nutrient conditions, females showed fewer detectable physiological costs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Together with results from previous studies of S. latifolia, our study shows that males and females incur reproductive costs in different physiological currencies, with males allocating more nitrogen than females. These costs become evident only under nitrogen limitation, highlighting how environmental context governs the expression of sex-specific life-history trade-offs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":"1036-1046"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13095889/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145522521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inconsistent relationships detected between seed size, shape and persistence for different plant functional groups in the Pannonian flora.","authors":"Viktória Törő-Szijgyártó, Péter Török, Katalin Tóth, Hajnalka Málik-Roffa, Luis Roberto Guallichico Suntaxi, Szilvia Madar, Gergely Kovacsics-Vári, Andrea McIntosh-Buday, Patricia Díaz Cando, Judit Sonkoly","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf322","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aob/mcaf322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Knowledge on seed persistence is vital from both theoretical and practical considerations but directly collecting persistence data for many species is unfeasible. Therefore, there is a need to identify traits associated with seed persistence, but studies about the effects of seed size and shape on persistence have yielded results varying across regions. We studied 392 species of the Pannonian flora (Central Europe) to assess (1) how seed mass and shape are related to seed persistence, (2) whether this relationship is consistent across plant functional groups, and (3) whether seed mass and shape are correlated in different functional groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected data on the seed mass and persistence of species and performed measurements to calculate their seed shape index, with higher values indicating greater deviation from sphericity. To account for phylogenetic non-independence, we analysed how seed mass and seed shape index affect persistence in all 392 herbaceous species and separately in four plant functional groups using phylogenetic logistic regressions. To test how seed mass and shape are related to each other in these groups, we applied phylogenetic generalized least squares regression.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>Across all species, both seed mass and seed shape index were negatively related to persistence, with seed mass having a stronger association. The same relationship was observed in forbs and short-lived species, but only seed shape was related to persistence in graminoid species. The relationship between seed mass and seed shape also varied between functional groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Consistent with many studies in other floras, both seed mass and shape were negatively related to persistence in the Pannonian flora after accounting for phylogeny. However, only seed shape was associated with persistence in graminoid species, suggesting that different factors may be at play in forbs and graminoids. Therefore, future studies of this relationship may need to treat and analyse graminoids separately.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":"1026-1035"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13095884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145740709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenomic analyses of the diverse desert-alpine plant lineage Cistantheae.","authors":"Anri Chomentowska, Sophie G Dauerman, Nora M Heaphy, Leonardo Gaspar, Pablo M Molina, C Matt Guilliams, R Matthew Ogburn, Lillian P Hancock, Joseph A M Holtum, Andrés Moreira-Muñoz, Mónica Arakaki, Patrick W Sweeney, Iris E Peralta, Erika J Edwards","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf319","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aob/mcaf319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Desert and alpine environments, although ecologically distinct, often share similar environmental stressors, such as drought and high radiation. Various plant lineages traverse both biomes, which is often associated with transitions in life-history strategy, whereby annuality is more often associated with drier desert habitats and perenniality is more common in higher elevations. One such lineage is Cistantheae (Montiaceae), a morphologically diverse herbaceous clade in western North and South America. We aimed to infer a robust phylogeny of the clade as a foundation for taxonomic and comparative work.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing to generate reduced-representation genomic data from >160 samples representing 48 putative species in Cistantheae. Maximum likelihood and coalescent-based phylogenetic methods were used to infer evolutionary relationships across the full clade and within major subclades. We tested for signatures of admixture and introgressive gene flow, and we reconstructed ancestral life history and climatic niche to identify patterns of correlated evolution.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>We inferred a well-resolved phylogeny of Cistantheae, providing strong support for relationships among subclades within Cistantheae. Although many species relationships were clarified, we also found evidence of rampant gene flow and incomplete lineage sorting, particularly within the annual Cistanthe clade from the Atacama Desert. Life history is evolutionarily labile across the clade and strongly correlated with temperature and precipitation-related bioclimatic variables: annuals tend to occur in hotter and drier environments, whereas perennials tend to occur in cooler and wetter habitats. Elevational range is also evolutionarily labile, with several species occupying broad elevational gradients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We present the first densely sampled phylogenomic analysis of Cistantheae, providing key insights into species relationships in the clade. Repeated transitions in life history and climatic niche, alongside wide elevational ranges, suggest that many Cistantheae species might be pre-adapted to both arid and montane habitats. This phylogeny will underpin further comparative, taxonomic and phylogenomic studies in this ecologically important lineage.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":"1094-1114"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13095887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145761927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographic distance and landscape ruggedness shape genome-wide divergence and admixture in Leucostele cacti across the Atacama-central Chile biodiversity hotspot.","authors":"José Angel García-Beltrán, Sandy Toledo, María Paz Melo-Gaymer, Marcelo R Rosas, Anita Cisternas-Fuentes, Pablo C Guerrero","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf323","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aob/mcaf323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The hyperarid-semiarid gradient of the western Andes, from the coastal Atacama Desert to central Mediterranean Chile, hosts exceptional plant endemism driven by palaeoclimatic oscillations, rugged topography and long-term isolation. Here, we use the columnar cactus genus Leucostele as a model to (1) quantify the influence of geographic isolation and topographic heterogeneity on genome-wide divergence, and (2) test whether zones of secondary contact foster genetic admixture.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We genotyped 151 individuals from 20 populations of Leucostele using 9397 SNPs to assess spatial genetic structure, isolation by distance and the influence of terrain ruggedness and geographic isolation on admixture.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>Spatial ancestry analyses delineated ten latitudinal genetic clusters, with 8 populations exhibiting >75 % ancestry assignment to a single cluster and 12 showing varying degrees of admixture. Genetic differentiation increased with geographic distance, revealing strong isolation by distance across the Atacama Desert to southern central Chile. Admixture, quantified as Shannon entropy, varied among populations and decreased significantly with both increasing terrain ruggedness and greater geographic isolation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study reveals that rugged topography and spatial isolation promote genomic divergence by limiting gene flow and fostering distinct genetic clusters while less rugged terrain facilitates secondary contact and admixture, showing that these barriers remain permeable and reproductive isolation is incomplete. This dual influence of topographic heterogeneity underpins the dynamic evolutionary mosaic observed across the coastal Atacama Desert-central Chile gradient.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":"1115-1127"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13095892/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145740676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timing, patterns and environmental drivers of wood formation in Larix olgensis in Changbai Mountain, Northeast China.","authors":"Nipeng Qian, Chunchao Dong, Kuan Shi, Qijing Liu, Guang Zhou","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf326","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aob/mcaf326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The temperate montane coniferous forests in Northeast Asia are among the ecosystems most sensitive to ongoing global warming. However, the timing, patterns and environmental controls of wood formation in dominant tree species remain poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we investigated the intra-annual wood formation of Larix olgensis A. Herry along a 750-1450 m elevational gradient in Changbai Mountain, Northeast China, using weekly microcoring and high-resolution climatic data. Environmental drivers of growth onset, peak and cessation were identified using multiple linear regression models, and the relative contributions of climatic variables to seasonal wood formation were quantified using linear mixed-effects models.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>We found that for every 100 m increase in elevation, the onset of wood formation was delayed by ∼3.3 days and the growing season shortened by ∼3.5 days. Growth onset was predicted primarily by photoperiod and growing degree days, whereas peak growth was influenced jointly by photoperiod and precipitation. Growth cessation was strongly predicted by photoperiod, with additional contributions from cold degree days and seasonal precipitation. Weekly wood formation was best explained by photoperiod and temperature, with vapour pressure deficit showing a weak but significant positive effect, and soil water content exhibiting a negative relationship to growth.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings demonstrate that photoperiod consistently regulates both the timing and seasonal patterns of wood formation in L. olgensis, and that growing degree days and cold degree days play distinct and significant roles in predicting the onset and cessation of secondary growth in spring and autumn, respectively. This study provides valuable insight into the phase-specific climatic controls on wood formation and offers a basis for predicting the response of temperate coniferous forests to future climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":"975-984"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13095874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145767040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth-defence trade-off defines a diffusion limit. A commentary on 'Boundary-line trade-off in bryophytes between UV photoprotection and photosynthetic capacity, but not desiccation tolerance'.","authors":"Jenna T B Ekwealor, Kevin A Simonin","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcag012","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aob/mcag012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":"i-iii"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13095872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145997224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making a clean break: contrasting leaf abscission dynamics across temperate leaf habits.","authors":"Cade N Kane, Ian M Rimer, Scott A M McAdam","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf327","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aob/mcaf327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Leaf abscission is the process whereby plants actively shed leaves through physical detachment at the abscission zone (AZ). Leaf abscission is generally preceded by senescence, during which there is an active reclamation of leaf nutrients. The physiological regulation of leaf abscission remains poorly studied in trees, with a suite of environmental and endogenous signals believed to regulate the process. Here, we sought to characterize the role of water status, leaf gas exchange, senescence and the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) in regulating leaf abscission in temperate trees.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed a novel method to quantify AZ competency (AZC) and simultaneously measured leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll content, water potential, AZC and ABA levels from late summer until leaf death in four temperate tree species representing deciduous, brevi-deciduous, and marcescent leaf habits. We tested for associations between changes in key physiological traits and AZC in all species.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>The two deciduous species showed contrasting physiological patterns leading to leaf abscission: one species degraded chlorophyll and ceased photosynthesis before complete AZC, while the other retained chlorophyll and continued photosynthesis until complete AZC. The brevi-deciduous species degraded most chlorophyll but developed AZC gradually over a longer period. The marcescent species' leaves fully senesced but did not develop AZC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings demonstrate that leaf senescence and abscission are distinct and variably timed processes across temperate tree species. These results have implications for predicting future leaf lifespan as the climate changes, with the characterization of physiological diversity in the regulation of leaf abscission profoundly understudied.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":"948-960"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13095881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145773302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triple super phosphate impact on maize root hydraulic conductance.","authors":"Nahid Jafarikouhini, Thomas Sinclair, Amanda Cardoso, Luke Gatiboni, Thomas Rufty","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf266","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aob/mcaf266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The discovery that application of triple super phosphate (TSP) to near-neutral pH soils induced plant drought resilience opened the possibility of a new approach to managing crops for water-deficit conditions. A key component of the TSP response appeared to be decreased root hydraulic conductance. In the current study, maize plants were grown on hydroponic solutions to investigate characteristics of root hydraulic conductance response to TSP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Maize (Zea mays L.) was grown on hydroponic solutions to which responses to pH, TSP and H2PO4- concentrations, and timing of changes in solution pH were determined. Root hydraulic conductance was determined for seedlings by placing them in a pressure chamber and measuring sap exudation for 1 h with the root system subjected to 0.2 MPa atmospheric pressure.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>Root hydraulic conductance decreased to approximately 40 % of the value for TSP-grown plants at solution pH 6.75 as compared to plants grown with diammonium phosphate. Also, hydraulic conductance decreased when solution concentrations of TSP and of H2PO4- were increased. A test of the temporal response to solution pH change showed root hydraulic conductance altered from the unchanged pH value required at least 2-4 d, indicating longer-term response to pH treatment than purely a biochemical response.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results quantified specific conditions under which TSP caused decreases in root hydraulic conductance in the studied maize hybrid. Decreased root hydraulic conductance observed in response to TSP and near-neutral pH was congruent with previous observations of TSP-induced decreases in soil water extraction at elevated soil water content, which has been identified as a basis for crop drought resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":"886-891"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13095886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145342929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}