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Annual review of neuroscience最新文献

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3D Brain Organoids: Studying Brain Development and Disease Outside the Embryo. 3D脑类器官:研究胚胎外的大脑发育和疾病。
IF 13.9 1区 医学
Annual review of neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-07-08 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-070918-050154
Silvia Velasco, Bruna Paulsen, Paola Arlotta
{"title":"3D Brain Organoids: Studying Brain Development and Disease Outside the Embryo.","authors":"Silvia Velasco,&nbsp;Bruna Paulsen,&nbsp;Paola Arlotta","doi":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-070918-050154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-070918-050154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scientists have been fascinated by the human brain for centuries, yet knowledge of the cellular and molecular events that build the human brain during embryogenesis and of how abnormalities in this process lead to neurological disease remains very superficial. In particular, the lack of experimental models for a process that largely occurs during human in utero development, and is therefore poorly accessible for study, has hindered progress in mechanistic understanding. Advances in stem cell-derived models of human organogenesis, in the form of three-dimensional organoid cultures, and transformative new analytic technologies have opened new experimental pathways for investigation of aspects of development, evolution, and pathology of the human brain. Here, we consider the biology of brain organoids, compared and contrasted with the endogenous human brain, and highlight experimental strategies to use organoids to pioneer new understanding of human brain pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":8008,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of neuroscience","volume":"43 ","pages":"375-389"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-neuro-070918-050154","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38132217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 49
The Drosophila Mushroom Body: From Architecture to Algorithm in a Learning Circuit. 果蝇蘑菇体:从架构到学习电路中的算法。
IF 13.9 1区 医学
Annual review of neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-07-08 Epub Date: 2020-04-13 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-080317-0621333
Mehrab N Modi, Yichun Shuai, Glenn C Turner
{"title":"The <i>Drosophila</i> Mushroom Body: From Architecture to Algorithm in a Learning Circuit.","authors":"Mehrab N Modi,&nbsp;Yichun Shuai,&nbsp;Glenn C Turner","doi":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-080317-0621333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-080317-0621333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The <i>Drosophila</i> brain contains a relatively simple circuit for forming Pavlovian associations, yet it achieves many operations common across memory systems. Recent advances have established a clear framework for <i>Drosophila</i> learning and revealed the following key operations: <i>a</i>) pattern separation, whereby dense combinatorial representations of odors are preprocessed to generate highly specific, nonoverlapping odor patterns used for learning; <i>b</i>) convergence, in which sensory information is funneled to a small set of output neurons that guide behavioral actions; <i>c</i>) plasticity, where changing the mapping of sensory input to behavioral output requires a strong reinforcement signal, which is also modulated by internal state and environmental context; and <i>d</i>) modularization, in which a memory consists of multiple parallel traces, which are distinct in stability and flexibility and exist in anatomically well-defined modules within the network. Cross-module interactions allow for higher-order effects where past experience influences future learning. Many of these operations have parallels with processes of memory formation and action selection in more complex brains.</p>","PeriodicalId":8008,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of neuroscience","volume":"43 ","pages":"465-484"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-neuro-080317-0621333","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37829620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 106
Neural Mechanisms of Itch. 瘙痒的神经机制。
IF 13.9 1区 医学
Annual review of neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-07-08 Epub Date: 2020-02-19 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-083019-024537
Mark Lay, Xinzhong Dong
{"title":"Neural Mechanisms of Itch.","authors":"Mark Lay,&nbsp;Xinzhong Dong","doi":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-083019-024537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-083019-024537","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Itch is a unique sensation that helps organisms scratch away external threats; scratching itself induces an immune response that can contribute to more itchiness. Itch is induced chemically in the peripheral nervous system via a wide array of receptors. Given the superficial localization of itch neuron terminals, cells that dwell close to the skin contribute significantly to itch. Certain mechanical stimuli mediated by recently discovered circuits also contribute to the itch sensation. Ultimately, in the spinal cord, and likely in the brain, circuits that mediate touch, pain, and itch engage in cross modulation. Much of itch perception is still a mystery, but we present in this review the known ligands and receptors associated with itch. We also describe experiments and findings from investigations into the spinal and supraspinal circuitry responsible for the sensation of itch.</p>","PeriodicalId":8008,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of neuroscience","volume":"43 ","pages":"187-205"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-neuro-083019-024537","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37659064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 46
Reward Contributions to Serotonergic Functions. 奖励对血清素功能的贡献。
IF 13.9 1区 医学
Annual review of neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-07-08 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-093019-112252
Zhixiang Liu, Rui Lin, Minmin Luo
{"title":"Reward Contributions to Serotonergic Functions.","authors":"Zhixiang Liu,&nbsp;Rui Lin,&nbsp;Minmin Luo","doi":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-093019-112252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-093019-112252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The brain serotonin systems participate in numerous aspects of reward processing, although it remains elusive how exactly serotonin signals regulate neural computation and reward-related behavior. The application of optogenetics and imaging techniques during the last decade has provided many insights. Here, we review recent progress on the organization and physiology of the dorsal raphe serotonin neurons and the relationships between their activity and behavioral functions in the context of reward processing. We also discuss several interesting theories on serotonin's function and how these theories may be reconciled by the possibility that serotonin, acting in synergy with coreleased glutamate, tracks and calculates the so-called beneficialness of the current state to guide an animal's behavior in dynamic environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":8008,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of neuroscience","volume":"43 ","pages":"141-162"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-neuro-093019-112252","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38132115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 34
The Glial Perspective on Sleep and Circadian Rhythms. 从神经胶质角度看睡眠和昼夜节律。
IF 12.1 1区 医学
Annual review of neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-07-08 Epub Date: 2020-02-19 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-091819-094557
Gregory Artiushin, Amita Sehgal
{"title":"The Glial Perspective on Sleep and Circadian Rhythms.","authors":"Gregory Artiushin, Amita Sehgal","doi":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-091819-094557","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-091819-094557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While neurons and circuits are almost unequivocally considered to be the computational units and actuators of behavior, a complete understanding of the nervous system must incorporate glial cells. Far beyond a copious but passive substrate, glial influence is inextricable from neuronal physiology, whether during developmental guidance and synaptic shaping or through the trophic support, neurotransmitter and ion homeostasis, cytokine signaling and immune function, and debris engulfment contributions that this class provides throughout an organism's life. With such essential functions, among a growing literature of nuanced roles, it follows that glia are consequential to behavior in adult animals, with novel genetic tools allowing for the investigation of these phenomena in living organisms. We discuss here the relevance of glia for maintaining circadian rhythms and also for serving functions of sleep.</p>","PeriodicalId":8008,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of neuroscience","volume":"43 ","pages":"119-140"},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10826096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37658967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Toward Community-Driven Big Open Brain Science: Open Big Data and Tools for Structure, Function, and Genetics. 面向社区驱动的大开放脑科学：结构、功能和遗传学的开放大数据和工具。
IF 12.1 1区 医学
Annual review of neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-07-08 Epub Date: 2020-04-13 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-100119-110036
Adam S Charles, Benjamin Falk, Nicholas Turner, Talmo D Pereira, Daniel Tward, Benjamin D Pedigo, Jaewon Chung, Randal Burns, Satrajit S Ghosh, Justus M Kebschull, William Silversmith, Joshua T Vogelstein
{"title":"Toward Community-Driven Big Open Brain Science: Open Big Data and Tools for Structure, Function, and Genetics.","authors":"Adam S Charles, Benjamin Falk, Nicholas Turner, Talmo D Pereira, Daniel Tward, Benjamin D Pedigo, Jaewon Chung, Randal Burns, Satrajit S Ghosh, Justus M Kebschull, William Silversmith, Joshua T Vogelstein","doi":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-100119-110036","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-100119-110036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As acquiring bigger data becomes easier in experimental brain science, computational and statistical brain science must achieve similar advances to fully capitalize on these data. Tackling these problems will benefit from a more explicit and concerted effort to work together. Specifically, brain science can be further democratized by harnessing the power of community-driven tools, which both are built by and benefit from many different people with different backgrounds and expertise. This perspective can be applied across modalities and scales and enables collaborations across previously siloed communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":8008,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of neuroscience","volume":"43 ","pages":"441-464"},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9119703/pdf/nihms-1802521.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37829621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Suckling, Feeding, and Swallowing: Behaviors, Circuits, and Targets for Neurodevelopmental Pathology. 哺乳、喂养和吞咽:神经发育病理学的行为、回路和目标。
IF 13.9 1区 医学
Annual review of neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-07-08 Epub Date: 2020-02-26 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-100419-100636
Thomas M Maynard, Irene E Zohn, Sally A Moody, Anthony-S LaMantia
{"title":"Suckling, Feeding, and Swallowing: Behaviors, Circuits, and Targets for Neurodevelopmental Pathology.","authors":"Thomas M Maynard,&nbsp;Irene E Zohn,&nbsp;Sally A Moody,&nbsp;Anthony-S LaMantia","doi":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-100419-100636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-100419-100636","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>All mammals must suckle and swallow at birth, and subsequently chew and swallow solid foods, for optimal growth and health. These initially innate behaviors depend critically upon coordinated development of the mouth, tongue, pharynx, and larynx as well as the cranial nerves that control these structures. Disrupted suckling, feeding, and swallowing from birth onward-perinatal dysphagia-is often associated with several neurodevelopmental disorders that subsequently alter complex behaviors. Apparently, a broad range of neurodevelopmental pathologic mechanisms also target oropharyngeal and cranial nerve differentiation. These aberrant mechanisms, including altered patterning, progenitor specification, and neurite growth, prefigure dysphagia and may then compromise circuits for additional behavioral capacities. Thus, perinatal dysphagia may be an early indicator of disrupted genetic and developmental programs that compromise neural circuits and yield a broad range of behavioral deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":8008,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of neuroscience","volume":"43 ","pages":"315-336"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-neuro-100419-100636","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37680187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
The Genetic Control of Stoichiometry Underlying Autism. 自闭症背后的化学计量学基因控制。
IF 13.9 1区 医学
Annual review of neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-07-08 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-100119-024851
Robert B Darnell
{"title":"The Genetic Control of Stoichiometry Underlying Autism.","authors":"Robert B Darnell","doi":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-100119-024851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-100119-024851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autism is a common and complex neurologic disorder whose scientific underpinnings have begun to be established in the past decade. The essence of this breakthrough has been a focus on families, where genetic analyses are strongest, versus large-scale, case-control studies. Autism genetics has progressed in parallel with technology, from analyses of copy number variation to whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Gene mutations causing complete loss of function account for perhaps one-third of cases, largely detected through WES. This limitation has increased interest in understanding the regulatory variants of genes that contribute in more subtle ways to the disorder. Strategies combining biochemical analysis of gene regulation, WGS analysis of the noncoding genome, and machine learning have begun to succeed. The emerging picture is that careful control of the amounts of transcription, mRNA, and proteins made by key brain genes-stoichiometry-plays a critical role in defining the clinical features of autism.</p>","PeriodicalId":8008,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of neuroscience","volume":"43 ","pages":"509-533"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-neuro-100119-024851","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38132116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Finding the Brain in the Nose. 在鼻子里发现大脑。
IF 13.9 1区 医学
Annual review of neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-07-08 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-102119-103452
David H Brann, Sandeep Robert Datta
{"title":"Finding the Brain in the Nose.","authors":"David H Brann,&nbsp;Sandeep Robert Datta","doi":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-102119-103452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-102119-103452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Olfaction is fundamentally distinct from other sensory modalities. Natural odor stimuli are complex mixtures of volatile chemicals that interact in the nose with a receptor array that, in rodents, is built from more than 1,000 unique receptors. These interactions dictate a peripheral olfactory code, which in the brain is transformed and reformatted as it is broadcast across a set of highly interconnected olfactory regions. Here we discuss the problems of characterizing peripheral population codes for olfactory stimuli, of inferring the specific functions of different higher olfactory areas given their extensive recurrence, and of ultimately understanding how odor representations are linked to perception and action. We argue that, despite the differences between olfaction and other sensory modalities, addressing these specific questions will reveal general principles underlying brain function.</p>","PeriodicalId":8008,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of neuroscience","volume":"43 ","pages":"277-295"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-neuro-102119-103452","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38132215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
CA2: A Highly Connected Intrahippocampal Relay. CA2:一个高度连接的海马内中继。
IF 13.9 1区 医学
Annual review of neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-07-08 Epub Date: 2019-12-24 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-080719-100343
Steven J Middleton, Thomas J McHugh
{"title":"CA2: A Highly Connected Intrahippocampal Relay.","authors":"Steven J Middleton,&nbsp;Thomas J McHugh","doi":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-080719-100343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-080719-100343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although Lorente de No' recognized the anatomical distinction of the hippocampal Cornu Ammonis (CA) 2 region, it had, until recently, been assigned no unique function. Its location between the key players of the circuit, CA3 and CA1, which along with the entorhinal cortex and dentate gyrus compose the classic trisynaptic circuit, further distracted research interest. However, the connectivity of CA2 pyramidal cells, together with unique patterns of gene expression, hints at a much larger contribution to hippocampal information processing than has been ascribed. Here we review recent advances that have identified new roles for CA2 in hippocampal centric processing, together with specialized functions in social memory and, potentially, as a broadcaster of novelty. These new data, together with CA2's role in disease, justify a closer look at how this small region exerts its influence and how it might best be exploited to understand and treat disease-related circuit dysfunctions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8008,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of neuroscience","volume":"43 ","pages":"55-72"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-neuro-080719-100343","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37488101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 35
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